带状疱疹后神经痛患者应用星状神经节阻滞联合选择性神经根阻滞的疗效观察及对其睡眠质量的影响

目的:观察星状神经节阻滞(Stellate Ganglion Block,SGB)联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗对带状疱疹后神经痛(Post-herpetic Neuralgia,PHN)患者的疗效及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2018年9月至2020年7月上海市嘉定区中医医院收治的PHN患者95例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其随机分为观察组(n=47)和对照组(n=48)。2组患者均给予营养神经、口服止痛药等常规药物治疗,对照组患者在此基础上行选择性神经根阻滞术;观察组在对照组的基础上给予SGB。观察2组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、焦虑自评量表评分(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表评分(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)、睡眠质量评分(Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,SRSS)和治疗疗效。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率为95.74%,显著高于对照组83.33%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者的VAS、SAS及SDS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的VAS、SAS及SDS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者SRSS评分显著低于对照组(t=3.734,P<0.05)。结论:星状神经节阻滞联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗可有效缓解PHN疼痛和不良情绪,提高PHN患者生命质量和睡眠质量,治疗效果好,值得临床推广运用。     

不同部位电刺激治疗带状疱疹神经痛的疗效分析

目的:对治疗带状疱疹神经痛(zoster-related neuralgia,ZRN)的短时程背根神经电刺激与脊髓电刺激两种方法的手术时间、放射暴露剂量、疗效及花费进行比较。方法:本文采用回顾性分析方法,对202例在DSA(digital subtraction angiography)引导下使用短时程电刺激治疗的带状疱疹神经痛病人(其中64例采用背根神经电刺激,138例采用脊髓电刺激),记录手术操作时间及每一例手术的辐射剂量,术后病人的程控次数,术前及术后1、2、3月等各时间段病人的疼痛程度,生活质量以及医疗耗材费等信息,并进行分析比较。结果:在3个月的随访期间,所有病人在两种方法治疗后疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PQSI)显著下降,而生活质量(SF-36健康调查简表)评分显著上升(P<0.01),且两种方法之间无统计学差异,然而背根神经电刺激病人的手术时间和术中辐射量明显少于脊髓电刺激组(P<0.05);且术后平均程控次数以及医疗耗材费用也明显少于脊髓电刺激组(P<0.05)。结论:短时程背根神经电刺激和脊髓电刺激都能有效治疗带状疱疹神经痛,但背根神经电刺激具有程控次数少、覆盖好、花费少等优点。     

Unilateral facial injection of Botulinum neurotoxin A attenuates bilateral trigeminal neuropathic pain and anxiety-like behaviors through inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice

ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the possible analgesic effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) on trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A modified TN mouse model was established by chronic constriction injury of the distal infraorbital nerve (dIoN-CCI) in mice, and the possible roles of microglia toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation was investigated.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups, including sham group, vehicle-treated TN group and BoNT/A-treated TN group. Bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by using von Frey test, open field, elevated plus-maze testing, and forced swimming test in mice, respectively. The mRNA or protein expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), glia activation markers and proinflammatory factors in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were tested by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We also tested the pain behaviors of TN in Tlr2^−/− mice.ResultsWe found that unilateral subcutaneous injection of BoNT/A into the whisker pad on the ipsilateral side of dIoN-CCI mice significantly attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors induced by dIoN-CCI surgery in mice. The dIoN-CCI surgery significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, CD11b (a microglia marker), IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the ipsilateral TNC in mice, and BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the expression of these factors. Immunostaining results confirmed that BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the microglia activation in the ipsilateral TNC in dIoN-CCI mice. TLR2 deficiency also alleviated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and the up-regulation of MyD88 expression in the TNC of dIoN-CCI mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that unilateral injection of BoNT/A attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors in dIoN-CCI mice, and the analgesic effects of BoNT/A may be associated with the inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in the TNC.     

天麻素胶囊治疗三叉神经痛的临床研究

目的：探讨天麻素胶囊联合卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的疗效。方法将60例三叉神经痛患者随机分为两组,治疗组30例给予天麻素胶囊联合卡马西平治疗,对照组30例单纯服用卡马西平,观察两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为90％,高于对照组总有效率73．3％,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论天麻素胶囊治疗原发性三叉神经痛有较好的临床疗效,值得临床应用。     

Improvement in clinical outcomes after dry needling in a patient with occipital neuralgia

The primary purpose of this case report is to outline the diagnosis, intervention and clinical outcome of a patient presenting with occipital neuralgia. Upon initial presentation, the patient described a four-year history of stabbing neck pain and headaches. After providing informed consent, the patient underwent a total of four dry needling (DN) sessions over a two-week duration. During each of the treatment sessions, needles were inserted into the trapezii and suboccipital muscles. Post-intervention, the patient reported a 32-point change in her neck disability index score along with a 28-point change in her headache disability index score. Thus, it appears that subsequent four sessions of DN over two weeks, our patient experienced meaningful improvement in her neck pain and headaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing DN to successfully improve clinical outcomes in a patient diagnosed with occipital neuralgia.     

3.0 T MRI 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列结合多平面重建在三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估中的应用价值

目的探讨3.0 T MRI 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列结合多平面重建在三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估中的应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析187例湘雅医院原发性三叉神经痛行三叉神经微血管减压术(MVD)的病例资料,将术前3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列检查情况与术中探查结果进行对比研究。结果 187例患者术前3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列显示:症状侧三叉神经血管压迫(neurovascular compression,NVC)阳性173例,阳性率达92.3%,MVD术发现血管神经压迫179例,阳性率达95.6%。其中小脑上动脉73例(40.8%)、小脑前下动脉28例(15.4%)、基底动脉17例(9.8%)、小脑后下动脉5例(3.2%)、复合压迫35例(20.2%)、静脉11例(6.2%)。3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列显示无血管压迫14例,阴性率7.7%,而术中发现无责任血管10例,阴性符合率58.8%。症状对侧血管压迫阳性20例,假阳性率10.7%,两侧阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列,结合3D后处理重建能相对清晰显示三叉神经与周围血管的空间关系,是三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估的有效方法之一。     

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with occipital neuralgia

BackgroundAlthough occipital neuralgia is usually caused by degenerative arthropathy, nearly 20 other aetiologies may lead to this condition.MethodsWe present the first case report of hypertrophic pachymeningitis revealed by isolated occipital neuralgia.

Results and conclusions

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a plausible cause of occipital neuralgia and may present without cranial-nerve palsy. There is no consensus on the treatment for idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis, but the usual approach is to start corticotherapy and then to add immunosuppressants. When occipital neuralgia is not clinically isolated or when a first-line treatment fails, another disease diagnosis should be considered. However, the cost effectiveness of extended investigations needs to be considered.