Hair as a sonographic marker of ovarian teratomas: improved identification using transvaginal sonography and simulation model.

An in vitro sonographic model was developed to simulate the transvaginal sonographic appearance of hair-containing cystic teratomas of the ovary. Two groups of patients with ovarian teratomas were compared: group A--consisting of 32 patients scanned before the simulation model was used, and group B--consisting of 25 patients in whom the diagnosis of hair-containing ovarian teratomas was made after the simulation model experience. The positive predictive value of transvaginal sonography in correctly diagnosing this type of tumor was 27/32 (84%) in group A and 25/25 (100%) in group B. By using this simple in vitro simulation model, the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cystic teratomas by transvaginal sonography was made very accurate, enabling prospective planning of the type of operation and its timing.     

Ultrasound in gynecology

This paper reviews the various examination thechniques, the clinical indications, and the imaging findings for US studies of the female pelvis in patients with gynecological problems. Ultrasound, in fact, is the preferred imaging modality in the study of the female pelvis, and provides information of basic importance in detecting and characterizing pelvic masses of uterine, ovarian, or adnexal origin, providing also criteria useful in predicting their benign vs malignant nature. In patients with abnormal bleeding, transvaginal US helps in determining the presence of morphological and structural changes of the endometrium and, with the use of sonohysterography, provides excellent delineation of the endometrial cavity, guiding appropriate planning of therapeutic procedures. Ultrasound plays a very important role in the evaluation of patients with acute pelvic pain. It allows identification of ovarian torsion and has both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease through guidance of abscess drainage via the transvaginal route. In suspected ectopic pregnancy, US, together with quantitative measurements of hCG levels, can be considered the best imaging procedure to guide to the diagnosis. Ultrasound has an important role also in the study of female infertility. In this field it can be used to identify and document the integrity of the reproductive tract as a conduit for the passage of gametes and embryos, to detect pathological changes that may be causes or contributing factors of female infertility, to monitor cyclic changes of pelvic organs to document normal physiology or pathological situations, and to guide infertility treatment. Electronic Publication     

Criteria for transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 1150 patients suspected of having an ectopic gestation. The criteria for transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were established by targeted scanning of the pelvic organs and spaces. Sonographic assessment of tubal pregnancy and its differential diagnosis were based on six criteria: (1) the presence or absence of gestational structures within the fallopian tube, (2) the presence or absence of amorphous material in a dilated fallopian tube, (3) the presence or absence of indirect signs of ectopic pregnancy within the pelvis, (4) the echogenicity of a suspected finding relative to the ovary, (5) the presence or absence of flow (of lacunar origin) within the suspected sonographic finding, and (6) the relationship of a suspected sonographic sign to an intentionally displaced ovary. The latter 3 criteria help differentiate between tubal gestation and a corpus luteum. We believe these diagnostic criteria should be applied when performing transvaginal sonographic scanning of patients suspected of having an ectopic gestation.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢黄体囊肿破裂23例分析

目的回顾分析卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的经阴道彩色普勒超声表现。方法对23例疑卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的病人经阴道彩色普勒超声检查。结果23例卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的经阴道彩色普勒超声声像图表现有3种。附件区包块型:11例,占48%;卵巢囊肿型:7例,占30%;积液型:5例,占22%。23例均手术治疗及术后病理证实。结论经阴道彩色普勒超声扫查结合血HCG检测以及后穹窿穿刺是诊断卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的敏感方法。既方便又有效。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断不典型子宫肌瘤

目的:探讨经阴道彩色多普勒血流显像诊断不典型子宫肌瘤准确率,及其与盆腔内疑似病变鉴别的要点.方法:选经腹部超声检查不能明确诊断的不典型子宫肌瘤46例,改经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,对病变进行形态结构的观察和血流分析,并与病理结果相对照.结果:经阴道彩色多普勒超声对不典型子宫肌瘤的诊断符合率为91.3%(42/46).结论:经阴道彩色多普勒超声能较准确将不典型子宫肌瘤与盆腔其它病变相鉴别,具有较高的诊断准确率.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断未破裂宫外孕的临床分析

目的　通过经腹与经阴道彩色多普勒超声的对比分析 ,探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断未破裂宫外孕的临床价值。方法　回顾分析 2 5例未破裂宫外孕 ,术前均行经腹二维与经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查 ,术后经病理证实。结果　与经腹超声比较 ,经阴道超声更易发现宫外孕患者附件区包块 ,彩色脉冲多普勒测及附件包块内滋养层动脉血流频谱 ,呈低阻力型 ,阻力指数 (RI)为 0 .44± 0 .0 6。结论　经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断宫外孕有重要临床应用价值     

Transvaginal imaging: applied physical principles and terms

In this article the properties of ultrasound in tissues and the factors governing image quality are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the vaginal probe. The virtues of transvaginal scanning both in gynecology and obstetrics are well described in subsequent articles in this symposium. Only by understanding the properties of ultrasound can the capabilities and limitations of this technique be appreciated. A comprehensive knowledge of the basic physical principles is mandatory for the clinician as well the investigator to attain the highest quality results. The technical aspects of operating ultrasound instruments, e.g., machine controls, electronic image formation, scan converters and techniques for preprocessing and postprocessing, are not discussed.     

Definition of anatomical planes for use in transvaginal sonography

Planes frequently used to identify radiologic and abdominal ultrasonographic images such as transverse, coronal, and sagittal are generally not anatomically correct when applied to transvaginal ultrasonographic planes and images. More appropriate terminology specific for the planes imaged during transvaginal ultrasonography, such as TRANS-pelvic and AP-pelvic planes, are suggested. A TRANS-pelvic plane refers to a plane imaged when the sound beam is directed across or from side to side in the pelvis. An AP-pelvic plane refers to an image obtained when the sound beam is directed anteriorly and posteriorly.     

经阴道超声引导卵泡穿刺术治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的临床研究

目的 探讨超声引导下经阴道穿刺未成熟卵泡对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕患者卵巢基础窦卵泡计数及其内分泌功能的影响.方法 23例PCOS不孕患者在超声引导下进行未成熟卵泡穿刺,抽吸卵泡液,对比观察穿刺抽吸前后患者卵巢基础窦卵泡计数以及内分泌功能的变化,并观察卵巢有无恢复排卵及妊娠.结果 23例患者经过2～3个周期的穿刺治疗后,所有患者血睾酮水平均显著降低、黄体生成素(LH)与卵泡刺激素(FSH)比值也明显降低,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义.17例患者术后卵巢基础窦卵泡计数降至10个以下,完成卵泡穿刺治疗后连续观察6个月,共有10例患者妊娠.结论 超声引导下卵泡穿刺术能改善PCOS不孕患者内分泌状况,减少卵巢基础窦卵泡计数,促进卵巢排卵,为PCOS患者提供了一条简便可行的辅助生育治疗途径.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对宫腔内占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声对宫腔内占位性病变的诊断价值。方法对126例宫腔占位性病变经腹超声检查不满意,而后经阴道超声检查对其进行良恶性的诊断及分型并与临床结果相对照。结果本组126例,子宫内膜息肉28例,子宫黏膜下肌瘤19例,子宫内膜癌26例,子宫内膜过度增生21例,宫腔内残留物机化32例。126例宫腔内占位性病变经手术证实51例,宫腔镜证实42例,诊断性刮宫33例,误诊2例,诊断正确率为98.41%。结论经阴道彩色多普勒方法简单、实用,不受肥胖、肠气等因素干扰,为临床提供早期正确诊断,使疾病得到早期的治疗,是较为实用的检查方法之一。