连续性肾脏替代疗法对多器官功能障碍综合征患者血浆白介素6、10水平的影响

目的观察多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者采用连续性肾脏替代疗法(CRRT)治疗0h,8h,24h和48h后肾功能及血浆白介素6(IL-6)、IL-10水平变化,探讨CRRT治疗MODS的可能机制。方法用CRRT方法治疗MODS患者71例,观察CRRT治疗前及治疗8h、24h和48h后患者肾功能及血浆IL-6、IL-10水平变化。结果MODS患者除尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(SCr)异常外,其血浆IL-6和IL-10水平均较正常对照组高(P均<0.01),CRRT治疗8h,24h和48h后MODS患者肾功能得到明显改善的同时[BUN0h/(26.15±13.60),8h/(19.45±8.63),24h/(17.22±6.11),48h/(16.36±7.86)mmol/L,与CRRT0h比较均P<0.01;SCr0h/(552.63±348.44),8h/(386.95±231.96),24h/(328.19±106.53),48h/(369.38±222.98)μmol/L,与CRRT0h比较均P<0.01)],患者血浆IL-6水平较治疗前明显降低[0h/(469.44±288.75),8h/(386.95±231.96),24h/(398.45±98.89),48h/(316.89±60.70)ng/ml,CRRT48h与0h比较P<0.05;而血浆IL-10水平较治疗前明显升高0h/(3.34±2.12),8h/(3.18±1.88),24h/(5.87±4.77),48h/(7.71±5.23)ng/ml)],CRRT24h、48h与0h比较P<0.05。结论CRRT是MODS的有效治疗方法,提示有效清除体内的代谢产物和炎性介质是CRRT治疗MODS的可能机制。     

The Utility of Rapid Atrial Pacing Immediately Post-TAVR to Predict the Need for Pacemaker Implantation

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the utility of rapid atrial pacing immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to predict the need for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI).BackgroundRisk stratification for patients without high-grade atrioventricular block (AVB) after TAVR is imprecise and based on anatomic considerations, electrocardiographic characteristics, and clinical suspicion. A more reliable assessment is necessary to minimize inpatient rhythm monitoring and/or reduce unnecessary PPI.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing TAVR at 2 centers were included. After valve implantation in patients without pacemakers who did not have complete heart block or atrial fibrillation, the temporary pacemaker was withdrawn from the right ventricle and placed in the right atrium. Rapid atrial pacing was performed from 70 to 120 beats/min, and patients were assessed for the development of Wenckebach AVB. Patients were then followed for clinical outcomes, including PPI.ResultsA total of 284 patients were included. Of these, 130 (45.8%) developed Wenckebach AVB. There was a higher rate of PPI within 30 days of TAVR among the patients who developed Wenckebach AVB (13.1% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001), with a negative predictive value for PPI in the group without Wenckebach AVB of 98.7%. A greater percentage of patients receiving self-expanding valves required PPI than those receiving a balloon-expandable valves (15.9% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.001), though these rates were still relatively low among patients who did not develop Wenckebach AVB (2.9% and 0.8%).ConclusionsAtrial pacing post-TAVR is easily performed and can help identify patients who may benefit from extended rhythm monitoring. Patients who did not develop pacing-induced Wenckebach AVB demonstrated an extremely low likelihood of PPI.     

Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty as a Bridge to Aortic Valve Replacement: A Contemporary Nationwide Perspective

ObjectivesThis study sought to use a national representative database to assess the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in contemporary practice.BackgroundNationwide data on the use and outcomes of BAV as a bridge to TAVR are limited.MethodsPatients who underwent BAV between January and June in 2015 and 2016 were identified in the National Readmission Database. We assessed rate of subsequent TAVR following BAV, and predictors and timing of subsequent TAVR. We then identified a group of patients who had direct TAVR (without prior BAV) in the original 2015 to 2016 National Readmission Database dataset. We compared in-hospital outcomes following TAVR between patients with prior bridging BAV and those undergoing direct TAVR.ResultsAmong the 3,691 included patients 1,426 (38.6%) had subsequent TAVR. Timing of TAVR was pre-discharge in 7.4%, within 30 days in 35%, between 31 and 90 days in 47%, between 91 and 180 days in 14%, and >180 days in 4%. Negative predictors of subsequent TAVR included prior defibrillator (odds ratio [OR]: 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36 to 0.85), dementia (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.79), malnutrition (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.90), and malignancy (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.82). In propensity-score matched cohorts of patients who underwent direct TAVR versus those with prior BAV, in-hospital mortality during TAVR admission was similar (3.7% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.91). Major complications, length of stay, and discharge disposition were also comparable. However, cost of the hospitalization was higher in the direct TAVR group.ConclusionsAbout 40% of BAV patients undergo subsequent TAVR mostly within 90 days. In-hospital outcomes of TAVR in these patients were comparable with propensity-score matched patients who underwent TAVR without prior BAV. Further investigations are needed to define the role of BAV in contemporary practice.     

塞来昔布在全髋关节置换手术超前镇痛中的应用价值分析

目的观察塞来昔布在全髋关节置换手术进行超前镇痛的临床应用价值,为全髋关节置换手术围手术期镇痛优化提供依据。方法选择2015年3月至2018年3月在中国医科大学附属第一医院进行全髋关节置换手术的患者,共74例,随机分为观察组及对照组,每组37例。观察组口服塞来昔布3 d后进行手术,在手术后6 h继续给予口服塞来昔布3 d,术后同时给予静脉自控镇痛(Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)泵;对照组术前不给予镇痛药物,术后给予PCIA镇痛。观察两组不同时间点疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)变化,记录PCIA按压次数,观察手术前后血清COX-2、PGE2水平变化及镇痛药相关不良反应。结果观察组术后离床时间早于对照组(P<0.05),观察组VAS评分在术后24 h、36 h及48 h低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组PCIA按压次数明显少于对照组[(3.27±1.09)次vs.(9.28±3.51)次,P<0.05]。观察组病人镇痛泵使用量明显低于对照组[(112.09±29.87)mg vs.(154.21±64.92)mg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与对照组比较,术后2 h观察组COX-2及PGE2水平均较低(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组术后烧心、恶心呕吐及眩晕等不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论塞来昔布在全髋关节置换手术进行超前镇痛可以减少静脉止痛药应用剂量,优化镇痛模式。     

坤泰胶囊联合激素替代治疗用于卵巢早衰疗效及安全性的系统评价

目的:基于荟萃分析(Meta分析)方法,系统评价坤泰胶囊联合激素替代治疗(hormone replacement therapy,HRT)用于卵巢早衰的疗效及安全性。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和PubMed数据库,检索时限为建库至2018年12月31日,收集坤泰胶囊联合HRT用于卵巢早衰的随机对照临床研究文献(研究组患者使用坤泰胶囊联合HRT;对照组患者单纯使用HRT),采用“偏倚风险评估工具”进行质量评价,运用RevMan 5.3软件对患者治疗前后的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)水平,症状积分,总有效率和不良反应发生情况进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入15篇文献,涉及1343例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯使用HRT比较,坤泰胶囊联合HRT能明显降低卵巢早衰患者的FSH水平(MD=-7.13,95%CI=-8.08^-6.19,P<0.00001)、LH水平(MD=-5.43,95%CI=-6.99^-3.88,P<0.00001),明显提高E2水平(SMD=1.14,95%CI=0.73~1.54,P<0.00001),明显降低症状积分(MD=-4.42,95%CI=-5.55^-3.28,P<0.00001),明显提高治疗总有效率(OR=3.53,95%CI=2.53~4.94,P<0.00001)和安全性(OR=0.56,95%CI=0.31~1.01,P=0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论:坤泰胶囊联合HRT有明显优势,能在一定程度上改善卵巢早衰患者的临床症状,减少不良反应,提高安全性,可以作为较好的辅助搭配治疗。     

Uncemented versus cemented arthroplasty after metal-on-metal total hip replacement in patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of primary metal-on-metal total hip replacement (MoM-TR) converted to uncemented total hip replacement (UTR) or cemented total hip replacement (CTR) in patients with femoral neck fractures (AO/OTA: 31B/C).MethodsPatient data of 234 UTR or CTR revisions after primary MoM-TR failure from March 2007 to January 2018 were retrospectively identified. Clinical outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS) and key orthopaedic complications, were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months following conversion and every 12 months thereafter.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 84.12 (67–100) months for UTR and 84.23 (66–101) months for CTR. At the last follow-up, the HHS was better in the CTR- than UTR-treated patients. Noteworthy dissimilarities were correspondingly detected in the key orthopaedic complication rates (16.1% for CTR vs. 47.4% for UTR). Statistically significant differences in specific orthopaedic complications were also detected in the re-revision rate (10.3% for UTR vs. 2.5% for CTR), prosthesis loosening rate (16.3% for UTR vs. 5.9% for CTR), and periprosthetic fracture rate (12.0% for UTR vs. 4.2% for CTR).ConclusionIn the setting of revision of failed primary MoM-TR, CTR may demonstrate advantages over UTR in improving functional outcomes and reducing key orthopaedic complications.     

Consequences of exposure to peri-articular injections of micro- and nano-particulate cobalt–chromium alloy

Metal hip replacements generate both metal particles and ions. The biological effects of peri-articular exposure to nanometre and micron sized cobalt chrome (CoCr) wear particles were investigated in a mouse model. Mice received injections of two clinically relevant doses of nanoparticles (32 nm), one of micron sized (2.9 μm) CoCr particles or vehicle alone into the right knee joint at 0, 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Mice were analysed for genotoxic and immunological effects 1, 4 and 40 weeks post exposure. Nanoparticles but not micron particles progressively corroded at the injection site. Micron sized particles were physically removed. No increase of Co or Cr was seen in peripheral blood between 1 and 40 weeks post exposure to particles. No significant inflammatory changes were observed in the knee tissues including ALVAL or necrosis. DNA damage was increased in bone marrow at one and forty weeks and in cells isolated from frontal cortex at 40 weeks after injection with nanoparticles. Mice exposed to the micron sized, but not nanoparticles became immunologically sensitized to Cr(III), Cr (VI) and Ni(II) over the 40 week period as determined by lymphocyte transformation and ELISpot (IFN-γ and IL-2) assays. The data indicated that the response to the micron sized particles was Th1 driven, indicative of type IV hypersensitivity. This study adds to understanding of the potential adverse biological reactions to metal wear products.     

Efficiency of immunoglobulin G replacement therapy in common variable immunodeficiency: correlations with clinical phenotype and polymorphism of the neonatal Fc receptor

Treatment of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is based on replacement therapy using intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Interindividual variation of IgG dose is common. A total of 380 CVID patients on stable IgG replacement from two prospective cohorts were analysed. An ‘efficiency’ index was defined as the ratio of serum IgG trough level minus IgG residual to the average weekly dose of IgG infusion. A reduced efficiency of IgG was associated independently with the i.v. route (P < 0·001) and with the presence of at least one CVID disease‐related phenotype (lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenia or enteropathy) (P < 0·001). High IgG efficiency was noted in patients homozygotes for the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 3/3 polymorphism of the neonatal Fc receptor gene [IgG Fc fragment receptor transporter alpha chain (FCGRT)] promoter, and this was particularly significant in patients treated with IVIG (P < 0.01). In a multivariate analysis, FCGRT VNTR 3/3 genotype (P = 0·008) and high serum albumin (P < 0·001) were associated independently with increased efficiency of i.v. Ig.