Calcium absorption following small bowel resection in man. Evidence for an adaptive response

Seventeen patients who had undergone extensive small bowel resection were studied for calcium absorption (FACa) and plasma vitamin D metabolites. FACa was measured by a double radio-tracer technique and expressed as percentage of total oral dose. FACa was decreased compared with controls (34%, range: 3-46 v 65%, range: 57-73, P less than 0.01). A positive correlation (r = 0.49, P = 0.05) was found between FACa and the remaining length of small bowel (SBL). As wide variations in both SBL and duration after surgery were observed among the seventeen investigated patients, we were led to individualize less heterogeneous subgroups of patients. Better correlations were found when the patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether the time interval between the resection and the investigation was shorter (r = 0.75, n = 11, P less than 0.02) or longer (r = 0.89, n = 6, P = 0.05) than 2 years. In thirteen patients who had a SBL shorter than 100 cm, a positive correlation was observed between FACa and the time interval after surgery (months): r = 0.65, P less than 0.05. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D was markedly reduced in the whole group (31 pmol l-1, range: 8-108) compared with controls (103 pmol-1, range: 59-134, P less than 0.01). The present study shows that in extensively small bowel resected patients, calcium absorption is reduced, the alteration being dependent both on the length of the remnant small bowel and on the time after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

小骨窗术和碎吸术治疗脑出血的临床应用研究

目的对比研究颅内血肿小骨窗清除术和颅内血肿(钻孔)碎吸清除术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法87例脑出血患者分为小骨窗组(行颅内血肿小骨窗清除术)、碎吸组(行颅内血肿碎吸清除术)和对照组(行内科保守治疗)。分别比较小骨窗组、碎吸组、保守组治疗前后的GCS评分及3组的GCS评分差。采用t检验、χ2检验和单因素方差分析比较。结果小骨窗组、碎吸组与保守组的GCS评分差比较均有差异(P<0.05);小骨窗组和碎吸组的GCS评分差比较也有差异(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗颅内血肿清除术、碎吸颅内血肿清除术、内科保守疗法在脑出血治疗中均能发挥一定的作用。小骨窗术和碎吸术在治疗中均能提高疗效、加快神经功能恢复,但小骨窗术较碎吸术能更好地发挥疗效、提高病人的生存质量。     

Early outcomes of surgery for small bowel obstruction: analysis of risk factors

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to review the etiologies of patients who underwent surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO) and to evaluate the risk factors affecting the early postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case series of 430 patients (252 men) with a mean age of 64.5 years, who underwent 437 operations for SBO, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Peritoneal adhesions and hernia were the most common causes of SBO, contributing 42.3 and 26.8% of all cases, respectively. Strangulation occurred in 27.7% and caused nonviable bowel in 13.0% of obstructing episodes. Old age (age >/= 70 years), female patient, nonadhesive obstruction, and hernia were the independent significant factors associated with bowel strangulation. The 30-day mortality was 6.5%, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Old age, the presence of premorbid pulmonary disease, and malignant obstruction were the independent factors associated with operative mortality. The overall complication rate was 35.5%, and old age was the only significant factor associated with postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for SBO is still associated with significant mortality and morbidity. As old age is significantly associated with an increased incidence of strangulation, operative mortality, and complications, this group of patients should be managed with extra cautions to avoid unfavorable outcome of surgery.     

Development of a Simple Model of Extrinsic Denervation of the Small Bowel in Mouse

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with poorly understood enteric dysfunction. The study of SBT in mice is hindered by the technical difficulty of orthotopic SBT in the mouse. Our aim was to develop an easy preparation of extrinsic denervation of the entire jejunoileum in mice as a model of orthotopic SBT. All neurolymphatic tissues accompanying the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV) were ligated just distal to the middle colic vessels. The SMA and SMV were then stripped of investing adventitia, and the mesentery to jejunum and colon were transected radially. Jejunum and colon were not transected and reanastomosed. To confirm extrinsic denervation 1, 3, and 6 months later, segments of small bowel were stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive intensity was then quantified using a semiquantitative analysis. Immunohistochemical fluorescence showed persistence of PGP9.5 immunoreactivity confirming enteric nerves in jejunoileum; however, there was no TH immunoreactivity in jejunoileum in denervated mice despite the expected preservation of TH immunoreactivity in the still-innervated duodenum at 1 month. At 3 months, sparse immunoreactivity for TH was present, and by 6 months, reinnervation of TH-containing nerves appeared similar to controls. Quantification of intensity at each time-point further confirmed this trend. This technique in the mouse accomplishes a complete extrinsic denervation of jejunoileum early postoperatively (1 and 3 months); reinnervation occurs by 6 months. This is an easily learned murine model of orthotopic SBT. Presented at the American Gastroenterological Association during Digestive Disease Week in Los Angeles, CA, as a poster presentation on May 23 2006. Abstract published in GastroenterologyE 2006; 130:A604.     

经颞部骨膜下剥离面中部提紧术

目的探讨一种经颞部矫正面中部老化征象的简单而有效的方法。方法经颞部头皮切口在颞浅筋膜和颞深筋膜间剥离,下达颧弓,内达眶外侧缘。在颧弓上约2cm,平行颧弓切开颞深筋膜浅层约3cm,在颞深筋膜浅层下剥离至颧弓上缘进入骨膜下剥离。松解面中部。将已充分活动的面中部全层组织上提,缝合固定于颞深筋膜表面。结果自2000年以来,临床应用21例,术后效果满意,外观自然,无并发症发生。结论本方法具有手术时间短,剥离层次深,耳前无切口,术后恢复快,效果自然,维持时间长的优点。选择合适的病例,能获得满意的效果。     

超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除的临床观察

目的 探讨贫困地区超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入手术的疗效。方法 对336例(336只眼)Ⅳ级以上核白内障行超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1天、3天视力在0．5以上分别为240只眼(71．4％)、265只眼(78．8％)。术中主要并发症为后囊破裂。术后主要并发症为角膜水肿、眼压升高。结论 超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除治疗Ⅳ级以上核白内障切口小，术后反应轻，散光小，并且视力恢复快，费用低。手术技巧的提高可避免或减少术中术后并发症。     

Incarcerated internal hernia of the small intestine through a breach of the broad ligament: two cases and a literature review.

Two cases of internal herniation through a defect in the broad ligament of the uterus are described. Both were successfully treated laparoscopically. This rare condition should be borne in mind when a middle-aged woman presents with colicky lower abdominal pain. The cause is unknown, but both congenital and acquired origins have been proposed. As far as emergency situations are concerned, laparoscopy has proven to be both a diagnostic and a therapeutic tool.     

运用siRNA建立稳定低表达IGF1R基因的肝癌细胞株的实验研究

目的运用siRNA技术在肝癌细胞株中建立稳定低表达人胰岛素样生长因子1类受体(IGF1R)基因的细胞株。方法构建包含封闭IGF1R基因的真核表达载体pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA,转染SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞,G418筛选表达稳定的细胞株。通过RT-PCR、Western-blot分析与鉴定IGF1R mRNA和蛋白及cyclin D1、cyclinB1蛋白的表达,并绘制细胞生长曲线。结果在SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞中成功建立低表达IGF1R基因的细胞株,其生长明显减慢(P<0.05),且其cyclinD1表达亦明显下降(P<0.05)。结论pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA能抑制SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞的生长。     

膀胱小细胞癌3例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨膀胱小细胞癌(BSCC)的临床特征、病理学特征和诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析3例BSCC的临床资料。3例均为男性,年龄68~82岁,2例有间断无痛性肉眼血尿,1例有尿频尿急。1例B超检查见膀胱内有1.5cm×0.9cm稍强回声区,后伴弱声影,中心回声较低;1例膀胱镜检查见膀胱颈10~12点处有1cm×1cm乳头状突起,无蒂,广基,呈地毯样生长;1例盆腔CT及加强扫描示膀胱内有类圆形团块状影,大小约2.5cm×2.6cm。2例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,1例行膀胱部分切除术。结果:术后病理检查均报告为膀胱小细胞未分化癌。免疫组织化学结果:嗜铬蛋白颗粒均( ~ ),神经特异烯醇化酶均(-~±),例1突触素(-),例2突触素( ),例3突触素( ~ )。例1术后3年复发,患者拒绝行根治性膀胱全切术,服中药治疗10个月后死亡。例2术后8个月因膀胱小细胞癌转移而死于全身衰竭。例3术后病理检查结果为膀胱移行细胞癌2~3级,部分为小细胞未分化癌,局部伴腺样分化,3个月后复发,行根治性膀胱全切加双侧输尿管皮肤乳头术,术后随访15个月无肿瘤复发。结论:BSCC是一种少见的高度恶性的膀胱肿瘤,诊断主要靠病理学检查,早期即可发生转移,预后较差。行根治性切除术加联合化疗可提高治愈率。     

小针刀辅助自体脂肪颗粒移植在面部除皱及凹陷充填中的应用

目的探讨小针刀辅助自体脂肪颗粒注射除去额部、眉间、鼻唇沟等部位皱纹及充填面部凹陷的效果。方法利用自制小针刀,离断真皮与其下方的"纤维粘连",然后用自体脂肪颗粒注射除皱和充填凹陷部位。结果本组共68例。修复面积最大约10cm×8cm,最小约1.5cm×0.5cm。随访45例,随访时间3～18个月,效果满意或基本满意。结论小针刀辅助自体脂肪移植具有操作简单、快捷、价廉、安全、无排异、不留瘢痕、术后恢复快等优点,患者易于接受,是除去额部、眉间、鼻唇沟等部位皱纹及填充面部凹陷的有效方法。