深圳市不同户籍人群的自测健康状况比较分析

目的了解不同户籍深圳市民的自测健康状况。方法采取整群分层随机抽样方法，选择5940名应用自测健康评定量表（SRHMS）进行调查。结果迁入户籍组的深圳市民在自测健康各维度、子量表和总分上的得分最高，不同户籍的3组间自测健康的得分，大多数差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论迁入户籍的深圳市民自测健康的状况较好。     

归因训练对老年性抑郁症康复的疗效观察

目的探讨归因训练对老年性抑郁症的增效作用。方法将老年抑郁症患者58例，随机分为归因训练合并西酞普兰组（研究组）和单纯西酞普兰组（对照组），进行对照研究，采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和临床疗效总评量表（CGISI）于治疗前及治疗后6周末、半年末，进行评分比较。结果治疗6周末研究组同对照组评分比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。治疗半年末，研究组和治疗6周末同组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01），而对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。两组半年未复发率比较有显著性差异（X^2=6．44，P〈0．05）。结论归因训练能提高老年性抑郁症的近期和远期疗效，降低复发率。     

A randomised controlled trial to test the feasibility of a collaborative care model for the management of depression in older people

BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common mental health disorder in people aged over 65 years. Late-life depression is associated with chronic illness and disability. AIM: To investigate the feasibility of a collaborative care model for depression in older people in a primary care setting. DESIGN OF STUDY: Randomised controlled trial with 16-weeks follow up. SETTING: A primary care trust in Manchester. METHOD: Participants were 105 people aged 60 years or older who scored 5 or more on the Geriatric Depression Scale; 53 were randomly allocated to an intervention group and 52 to a usual care group. The intervention group received care managed by a community psychiatric nurse who delivered an intervention comprising a facilitated self-help programme with close liaison with primary care professionals and old-age psychiatry according to a defined protocol. The usual care group received usual GP care. A nested qualitative study explored the views of the health professionals and patients regarding the acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS: The main outcome measure was recovery from depression. Patients in the intervention group were less likely to suffer from major depressive disorder at follow up compared with usual care (0.32, 95% confidence = interval = 0.11 to 0.93, P = 0.036). The qualitative component of the study demonstrated the acceptability of the intervention to patients. CONCLUSION: A model of collaborative care for older people with depression, used in a primary care setting with a facilitated self-help intervention is more effective than usual GP care. This study demonstrates that the implementation of a collaborative care model is feasible in UK primary care and that the intervention is effective and acceptable to patients.     

Aβ40 is a major form of β-amyloid in nonhuman primates

Because aged nonhuman primates show β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in senile plaques and blood vessels similar to that seen in human aging and AD, we used C-terminal specific antibodies to Aβ₄₀ and Aβ₄₂ to investigate Aβ peptide length in the brains of 11 aged rhesus monkeys and a 59-year-old chimpanzee. In contrast to AD, where the earliest and most prominent form of Aβ in senile plaques is Aβ₄₂, in the monkey, Aβ₄₀-positive plaques predominated. The ratio of Aβ₄₎: Aβ₄₂-positive plaques averaged 2.08 in the monkey, as compared to a mean ratio of 0.37 in 68 human AD subjects (p < 0.001). Aβ₄₀ was also more prominent in the chimpanzee than in humans. Possible explanations for these findings include species differences in the cleavage of Aβ from the amyloid precursor protein or in the activity of a putative carboxy peptidase forming Aβ₄₀ from Aβ₄₂ in situ.     

杜仲对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠睾丸的形态学研究

目的 本实验以D－半乳糖所致衰老小鼠为研究对象，研究了杜仲的抗衰老作用。方法 应用光镜电镜技术观察小鼠睾丸的重量、生精小管直径、生精上皮细胞数、间质细胞数的随龄变化，同时观察了杜仲对上述指标的影响。结果 1、随增龄，睾丸重量减轻，生精小管直径缩小。衰老时生精细胞缺如，仅剩支持细胞或见散在分布，间质细胞随龄递减。2、杜仲具有一定的抗衰老作用，使生精过程活跃，生精细胞增多，间质细胞增多不明显，生精小管直径改变不显著。结论 杜仲具有一定的抗衰老作用。     

老年人脑电图与认知功能的关系研究

目的:探讨老年人脑电图(EEG)与认知功能的关系。方法:对569名老年人进行EEG 检查及认知功能测验,用选自韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-R)的算术、数字广度、填图、木块图以及简易智能状态检查表(MMSE)等五项测验逐个测量老年人的认知水平。在第一次测查一年后,对其中373 名老年人重复进行认知功能测查。结果:MMSE及数字广度测验的得分变化与各位点EEG θ、δ波功率值有关,MMSE:得分下降组基线θ、δ波功率值高于MMSE得分不变组,差异有统计学意义,主要以头后部各区(T3、T5,P3、O1,O2,T4、T6)为明显。T6处θ波功率为9．25μV2,对MMSE得分下降诊断的灵敏度为0．73,特异度为0．64。T3处θ波功率的增加为8．75μV2,对数字广度得分下降诊断的灵敏度为 0．75,特异度为0．56。结论:EEG θ波功率的增加对了解认知功能下降有重要的参考价值。     

Abnormal distribution of cathepsins in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hippocampal sections of brains with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease were studied immunohistochemically with antisera against cathepsin D and cathepsin B. In addition to the staining of neuronal perikarya, some of the senile plaques visualized by Bielshowsky silver staining and some of reactive astrocytes were positively stained with the antisera against cathepsin D and cathepsin B in brains with Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal localization of cathepsin D and cathepsin B immunoreactivity in neuronal perikarya was observed in brains with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. These findings demonstrate that the distribution of lysosomal proteases was altered in brains with Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the primary and/or secondary involvement of the lysosomal proteases in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease.     

青岛市中青年领导干部心理健康状况的调查研究

本研究采用部卷方式，调查探讨了青岛市中青年领导干部的心理健康状况，结果表明，（1）青岛市中青年领导干部的心理健康状况远远好于普通人群。（2）青岛市中青年领导干部的“自我与经验的和谐水平”以及“自我的灵活性”极明显地高于大学生常模。(2)青岛市青年领导干部的“自我与经验的不和谐”水平与其心理健康程度密切相关；其“自我的灵活性”与心理健康的多个方面也有着密切的相关。     

老年腔隙性脑梗死患者抑郁情绪及影响因素的研究

脑梗死后抑郁状态是脑卒中常见的并发症之一 ,其发生率为 2 3%～ 6 5 % [1] 。脑梗死后抑郁不仅严重影响患者的生活质量 ,而且可直接影响其康复和预后。随着医学影像学的发展 ,腔隙性脑梗死(Ｌａｃｕｎａｒｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＬＩ)的诊断率逐渐增高。为探讨老年ＬＩ患者抑郁的临床特点 ,我们收集老年ＬＩ病人 12 6例 ,对其抑郁的特点、抑郁症状与ＬＩ的关系及影响因素进行了研究 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　研究对象为 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月在本院及济宁市一院精神科住院的ＬＩ病人 12 6例 ,年龄 6 0～ 82…     

农村老年人心理健康状况的调查分析

随着经济的发展和社会的进步 ,人口老龄化已经成为当今世界人口发展的一种必然趋势。因此 ,老龄问题日益受到关注。研究老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素对如何提高老年人的生活质量具有重要的指导意义。国内已有一些学者对老年人的心理健康状况进行了研究[1- 7] ,但研究的对象主要是城市老年人 ,关于农村老年人的心理健康状况的研究极少。因此 ,本文想就这一问题作些探讨。1　对象与方法1.1　对象在湖州市所辖三县三区各抽取 9个行政村 ,每个行政村随机抽取 13～ 14个年龄在 6 0岁以上 (包括 6 0岁 )的老年农民进行调查 ,其中有 16人资料…