血细胞彩色图像的微机自动计数方法探讨

目的　探讨血细胞自动计数的方法。方法　采用微机彩色图像处理技术对血液细胞图像进行图像分割和细胞计数。结果　与人工计数相平行 ,相关系数r =0 .96 1～ 0 .997,P >0 .0 5。结论　该方法可行且计数相对精确、迅速、客观     

股骨多段闭合骨折病人术前凝血功能的变化

目的 探讨股骨多段闭合骨折病人术前凝血功能的变化。方法 选择创伤股骨多段闭合骨折后当天入院的病人20例,年龄19-45岁,ASA Ⅰ级,为试验组(Ⅰ组);选择健康成年人15人,年龄21-39岁,作为对照组(Ⅱ组);Ⅱ组于清晨空腹采上肢静脉血标本,Ⅰ组病人入院后于骨折的第2天、第6天(手术当天清晨)空腹采上肢静脉血样本,检测血栓弹力图(TEG)指标[R时间、K时间、α角、血栓最大幅度(MA)、血栓硬度(G)]、D-二聚体浓度(D-Di)、血小板计数(PLC)及血小板聚集率(PAgR)的变化。结果 Ⅱ组TEG指标、D-Di、PLC及PAgR均在正常范围。与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组骨折后第2天,K时间缩短(P<0.05),α角、MA、G及D-Di增高(P<0.01);骨折后第6天,R时间缩短(P<0.05),α角、MA、G、D-Di、PLC及PagR增高(P<0.01)。与骨折后第2天比较,Ⅰ组骨折后第6天MA、G、PLT及PAgR增高(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 病人创伤骨折后凝血功能24 h内增强,随时间的延长至术日呈高凝状态,应加强术中管理,并采取相应措施预防术中静脉血栓的发生。     

基于形状因子分析的重叠细胞自动判别技术研究

重叠细胞的判别在细胞计数和参数测量中有非常重要的意义.本文根据重叠细胞的形态特征,提出根据形状因子来判断细胞是否重叠.首先研究了形状因子的计算方法,对重叠细胞形状因子的阈值P0进行了探讨和实验,得出P0=0.5:当PE≤P0,认为目标存在细胞重叠;PE＞P0,认为目标不存在细胞重叠.实验结果证明本技术能检测出不同形状的重叠细胞,准确率为95%.     

糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞的变化

目的观测糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞的变化,分析炎症在糖尿病肾病中的作用。方法对436例糖尿病住院病人,分为糖尿病肾病组(n=102)和糖尿病无肾病组(n=334),检测血液白细胞总数和中性粒细胞数。结果糖尿病肾病组白细胞总数为(7.10±2.21)×109/L,糖尿病无肾病组为(5.61±1.34)×109/L,两组相比,差异有非常显著性意义(t=8.270,P<0.001);中性粒细胞计数值糖尿病肾病组(4.47±2.03)×109/L明显高于糖尿病无肾病组(3.18±1.04)×109/L,差异有非常显著性意义(t=8.481,P<0.001)。相关分析,白细胞数与肌酐(C r)呈正相关(r=0.155,P>0.05)、与尿素(Urea)呈明显正相关(r=0.295,P<0.01)、与血糖(GLU)无明显相关(r=0.055,P>0.05);中性粒细胞与C r、Urea呈明显正相关(r=0.260,0.398,P<0.01)、与GLU呈正相关(r=0.163,P>0.05)。结论糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞计数升高,与肌酐、尿素水平呈正相关。糖尿病肾病患者存在炎症反应,炎症在糖尿病肾病发生发展中起一定作用。     

A comparative study of plateletpheresis using Baxter Autopheresis C and Haemonetics PCS Plus

SUMMARY. This study compared plateletpheresis on the Haemonetics PCS Plus (PCS Plus) and the Baxter Autopheresis C (Auto C) using the same 100 selected donors. The number of packs meeting UK BTS/NIBSC specification (>2.2 times 10¹¹ platelets per pack) was achieved by 99% of PCS Plus and 82% of Auto C procedures. The positive correlation found between donor precount and final platelet yield was better for the PCS Plus. Both machines met U.K. specification for white-cell contamination but this was significantly greater for the Auto C. Plasma yields were similar.
As a result of this study we chose to use the PCS Plus for routine plateletpheresis in our unit. This has enabled us not only to comply with UK BTS/NIBSC specifications for apheresis platelets easily and cost effectively but also to meet our own higher specification (2.75 times 10¹¹ platelets per pack) using existing staff and without extending the working day.     

钩吻对环磷酰胺化疗小鼠的造血保护作用

用钩吻乙醇粗提物对小鼠肉瘤１８０（Ｓ１８０）生长抑制实验结果表明，其对Ｓ１８０无明显抑制作用，也未显示出能增强环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ）的抗瘤效应，但能明显减慢Ｃｙ化疗所致白细胞下降的速度和减轻白细胞降低的程度。提示钩吻对Ｃｙ化疗小鼠的造血功能具有保护作用。     

心肌缺血患者白细胞计数动态变化及其活性研究

目的:探讨心肌缺血患者外周血白细胞计数及活性与心肌缺血发生发展的相关性。方法:对74例心肌缺血患者进行回顾性统计,以白细胞计数lO×109/L分组,大于此数患者归于异常组,小于此数则属于正常组.把心肌缺血患者分为两组.一组为心肌梗死组,另一组为心绞痛组,以健康体检者为对照组,分别就患者组与健康对照组在ld～3d/4d~6d/7d—lOd/lld—14d分四个阶段进行白细胞计数及活性测定。结果:心肌梗死组的白细胞计数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组;随着病情的减轻白细胞计数逐渐下降,其白细胞活性与其记数呈正相关;且心肌梗死组白细胞教异常的病例数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组。结论:白细胞数及活性的升高参与了心肌缺血的病理生理过程。     

Association of passive smoking with increased coronary heart disease risk is not explained by elevation of leucocyte count

The increased risk of coronary heart disease in cigarette smokersmay be due at least partly to an elevation of the leucocytecount Chronic passive smoking has also been found to be associatedwith an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but its effecton the leucocyte count has not been reported. In this study250 male factory employees aged 20–64 years were interviewedon smoking behaviour and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke,and blood counts were determined. Urinary cotinine was measureby radio-immunoassay and corrected for urinary creatinine concentrations.Mean leucocyte count was significantly higher among smokerscompared with non-smokers (8,666 compared to 6, 900; p<0.001).On the basis of smoking history, passive smokers had leucocytecounts similar to non-smokers. These findings were confirmedwhen leucocyte counts were compared with urine cotinine to creatinineratios. The association of haematocrlt and haemoglobin withsmoking was similar to that of leucocyte count These findingssuggest that any association of passive smoking with coronaryheart disease is not through an elevation of leucocyte count.     

医院病室空气细菌总数计数的影响因素研究

目的 探讨影响医院病室空气细菌总数计数检测结果的因素，为控制院内交叉感染提供理论依据。方法 用平板沉降法于病室内0．5、1．0、1．5m高处进行空气采样，采样时间分别为5、10、15min，常规培养24、48、72h后分别进行细菌总数计数。结果 在0．5、1．0、1．5m高处检测的细菌总数分别为491．4CFU／m^2、240．8CFU／m^3、217．0CFU／m^3，相互比较差异有显著性(P＜0．01)；采样5、10、l5min后检测的细菌总数分别为240．8CFU／m^3、251．6CFU／m^3、259．4CFU／m^3，相互比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；培养24、48、72h者细菌总数分别为240．8CFU／m^3、472．2CFU／m^3、486．4CFU／m^3，相互比较差异有显著性(P＜0．01)。结论 采样高度及培养时间可能是影响医院病室空气细菌总数计数的重要因素，应引起足够重视。     

In-vivo evaluation of random donor platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats

 Random-donor platelet concentrates (PC) prepared from pooled buffy coats have recently been described as an alternative method for platelet preparation. We evaluated such PCs in the clinical setting compared with a standard PC from platelet apheresis. PCs were prepared either from pools of buffy coats (BC-PC) or from single donors (SD-PC) with the cell separator CS-3000 plus. PCs were stored for up to 5 days before transfusion. We compared fresh PC (day 1) with stored (day 2–3) and long-stored PC (day 4–5). For analysis, platelet increment in the recipient was determined immediately and 16–22 h (mean 20 h) after transfusion, corrected for total body area and transfused platelets (CCI). A total of 316 PCs were administered to 36 thrombocytopenic patients suffering from various hematological disorders. Patients with detectable HLA or platelet-specific antibodies or splenomegaly were excluded from the study. Mean platelet content of the PC was 262×10⁹ for BC-PC and 251×10⁹ for SD-PC. The 20-h CCI after transfusion of fresh PC was slightly higher with BC-PC than with SD-PC (14.5 versus 11.9;p=0.19), but values did not differ significantly between the two types of PC on any day of storage. For BC-PC, 20-h CCI decreased with further storage by 30% (10.2;p=0.02). For SD-PC a decrease by 9% was not significant. In conclusion, platelet concentrates prepared from pools of buffy coats showed excellent transfusion results when administered fresh, but storage decreased the CCI by 30%. No significant difference from PCs from plateletpheresis was observed on any day of storage. Both types of platelet concentrates were capable of sufficient platelet increment even when stored for up to 5 days. Received: 28 December 1995 / Accepted: 14 May 1996