Developing the Intergenerational Community Survey for older adults: Assessing neighborhood environments,social and physical activities,and health

Many survey instruments have been developed to assess neighborhood environments for their impacts on people's health and daily activities. However, no instruments are available for capturing social interactions with different age groups among older populations. This study introduces a four-phase process of developing a comprehensive Intergenerational Community Survey (ICS) covering six domains: (1) physical activities, walking, and sedentary activities; (2) mental health and quality of life; (3) social activities (e.g. intergenerational and peer interactions) in and outside the neighborhood; (4) neighborhood environments (e.g. safety, streets and sidewalks); (5) supportive services or programs (e.g. intergenerational programs, transportation services); and (6) personal characteristics. Test-retest reliability assessments among 38 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65+) showed fair to good reliability results. ICS can serve as a useful tool to facilitate future research on intergenerational communities and interactions for older adults.     

疼痛行为量表用于评估危重症机械通气患者疼痛状况的信效度研究

目的 探讨疼痛行为量表(BPS)对危重症机械通气患者疼痛评估的适用性。方法 随机选取2018年1月至2019年3月在本院进行机械通气治疗的90例危重症患者为研究对象,进行中文版GPS量表的疼痛自我评估。量表的适用性评价包括量表的项目分析、信度和效度评价。结果 项目分析结果显示,高分组与低分组在各项目评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。各项目得分与BPS总分均呈高度相关(P0.05)。总问卷的Chronbach′sα系数为0.902。各条目I-CVI值均大于0.78,S-CVI值为0.92(0.8)。在区分效度的评价方面,患者更换体位时的BPS评分明显高于测量体温时(P0.05)。结论中文版GPS量表信效度良好,在危重症机械通气患者的疼痛评估中具有较好的适用性。     

The reliability of shoulder range of motion measures in competitive swimmers

ObjectivesInvestigate reliability of shoulder internal and external rotation (IR, ER), abduction in internal rotation (ABIR) and combined elevation (CE) range of motion tests in competitive swimmers.DesignWithin participants, inter- and intra-examiner reliability.SettingPhysiotherapy Department, University of Melbourne, Australia.Participants17 competitive swimmers (aged 12–24 years) who participate in at least 5 weekly swimming sessions and two physiotherapy examiners.Main outcome measuresInter- and intra-examiner reliability of IR, ER, ABIR and CE.ResultsGood to excellent intra-examiner reliability across tests (ICCs: 0.85–0.96) with standard error of measurement (SEM)and minimal detectable change at 90% confidence interval (MDC₉₀) ranging from 2 to 5, and 5–12°, respectively. Good to excellent inter-examiner reliability for all tests (ICCs: 0.77–0.94) except left IR (ICC: 0.65). Inter-examiner SEM and MDC₉₀ ranged from 2 to 5° and 5–12°, respectively.ConclusionShoulder range of motion tests were reliable when applied by the same examiner. Inter-examiner reliability was acceptable for all tests except IR, which was affected by inconsistent manual scapula stabilisation between examiners.     

Validation and reliability of distress thermometer in Chinese cancer patients

Objective:To examine the validation and reliability of the distress thermometer(DT) recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN) in Chinese cancer patients.Methods:A total of 574 Chinese cancer patients from Beijing Cancer Hospital completed the detection of DT,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve(AUC) were used to analyze the validation relative to HADS and SCL-90.The patients with DT≥4 and whose distress caused by emotional problems were interviewed with the MiNi International Neuro-psychiatric Interview(MINI)(Chinese Version 5.0).This version was used to analyze cancer patients’ psychological and Psychiatric symptoms during the cancer process;3.Another 106 cancer patients in rehabilitation stage and stable condition were asked to fill in DT two times,at the base time and after 7-10 days.Results:Data of ROC indicates that a DT cutoff score of 4 yielded AUC of 0.80 with a optimal sensitivity(0.80) and specificity(0.70) relative to HADS,and AUC of 0.83 with the greatest sensitivity(0.87) and specificity(0.72) against SCL-90.The DT also has acceptable test-retest reliability(r=0.800,P=0.000);According to the interview results,the most common psychiatric problems cancer patients have adjustment disorder,depression,and anxiety.Conclusion:The data suggest that DT has acceptable overall accuracy and reliability as a screening tool for testing distress severity and specific problems causing distress in Chinese cancer patients.It is worth being used in oncology clinic,the rapid screening and interview could help caregivers to identify psychological and psychiatric problems of cancer patients and provide useful information for further treatment.     

Intra- and inter-rater agreement of the Genital Injury Severity Scale

IntroductionThe Genital Injury Severity Scale (GISS) is a clinimetrically-tested tool in use for quantifying and qualifying external genital injury after sexual intercourse.PurposeTo evaluate inter- and intra-rater agreement of the GISS amongst examiner/raters in an urban, ethnically diverse, emergency department based sexual assault center.MethodsThe study was conducted in three phases. Six examiners with various years of experience rated their own cases and each others' cases greater than one year after the initial exam. They rated the photographs and documentation of each case at least one year apart. Another six raters utilized a combination of the photos and documentation simultaneously from the same cases. The evaluation method was the completion of the GISS for each phase.ResultsBased on the experience level of the rater, the differences in overall agreement were not significant. Strength of agreement was highest with the combination of photos and documentation with W ranging from 0.60501 (substantial) to 0.91056 (almost perfect). The GISS variables with the highest level of agreement were tissue break type and toluidine blue uptake type, both with photo evaluation alone and combination of documentation and photos (W = 0.72051 and 0.74599, respectively).ConclusionThe Genital Injury Severity Scale is a reliable tool to quantify and qualify the severity of external genital injury when used to evaluate a combination of photos and documentation utilizing midlevel providers trained as sexual assault forensic examiners with various years of experience.     

The reliability of clinical judgments and criteria associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back pain disorders: a preliminary reliability study

Mechanisms-based classifications of pain have been advocated for their potential to aid understanding of clinical presentations of pain and improve clinical outcomes. However, the reliability of mechanisms-based classifications of pain and the clinical criteria upon which such classifications are based are not known. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of clinical judgments associated with: (i) mechanisms-based classifications of pain; and (ii) the identification and interpretation of individual symptoms and signs from a Delphi-derived expert consensus list of clinical criteria associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back (±leg) pain disorders. The inter- and intra-examiner reliability of an examination protocol performed by two physiotherapists on two separate cohorts of 40 patients was assessed. Data were analysed using kappa and percentage of agreement values. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement associated with clinicians’ mechanisms-based classifications of low back (±leg) pain was ‘substantial’ (kappa  = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.96; % agreement  = 87.5) and ‘almost perfect’ (kappa  = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92–1.00; % agreement = 92.5), respectively. Sixty-eight and 95% of items on the clinical criteria checklist demonstrated clinically acceptable (kappa ⩾ 0.61 or % agreement ⩾ 80%) inter- and intra-examiner reliability, respectively. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence supporting the reliability of clinical judgments associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back (±leg) pain disorders. The reliability of mechanisms-based classifications of pain should be investigated using larger samples of patients and multiple independent examiners.     

10项流调中心抑郁自评量表在中国中老人群中的信效度

目的:分析10项CES-D问卷在中老年人群中的信效度,以及该量表在中年和老年群体中的信效度差异。方法:使用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年数据,样本人群年龄45岁以上,共14931人;首先,运用区分度分析量表各条目对不同水平被试的区分能力;其次,分别对整个人群、老年人群和中年人群进行内部一致性检验,并在3个不同因子结构的假定下(单因子结构;二因子结构:积极因子和消极因子;三因子结构:积极因子、消极因子和躯体因子)分别对3个人群进行验证性因子分析,并利用多组验证性因子分析检验两因子结构模型在中年人群和老年人群中的恒等性。结果:区分度分析发现,在总分百分位数27%的最高组和最低组之间各项目得分具有显著的差异,在整个人群中的科隆巴赫系数为0.815,两因子结构对整个样本人群拟合较好;在中年人群和老年人群中,内部一致性系数分别为0.814、0.813;两因子结构模型在4个嵌套模型的对比检验中显示,△CFI、△RMSEA和△SRMR的差异均满足横等性最低临界值要求。结论:10项CES-D量表具有较高的信效度,两因子结构模型在中年人群和老年人群具有恒等性,量表具有良好的区分效度,能有效地测量中老年人群的抑郁水平。     

Validation of a Korean Version of the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire

Objectives

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the tinnitus handicap questionnaire (THQ-K).

Methods

A total of 60 patients were included in this study. Patients responded to the THQ-K, the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), Beck''s depression index (BDI), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for loudness and pitch, loudness match, and minimum masking level (MML) test were performed.

Results

Internal consistency of the THQ-K was examined using Cronbach coefficient alpha. Cronbach alpha was 0.96. The THQ-K showed a significant correlation with THI, BDI, VAS for distress, and VAS for loudness, but no significant correlation with psychoacoustic measurement of tinnitus, such as loudness match, pitch match, and MML.

Conclusion

The THQ-K is a reliable and valid test for evaluating the degree of handicap due to tinnitus for both research and clinical use.     

Validating the Psychometric Characteristics of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) in a Chinese Context

Background

Perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PPTSD) is a common stress-induced mental disorder worldwide. The Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) is an excellent questionnaire that measures the symptoms of PPTSD, but has not been translated into Chinese yet.

基于ICF的失能评估工具在临床应用中的信度研究

目的验证基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)的功能评定工具在失能评估中的信度。方法选取江苏钟山老年康复医院存在功能障碍的住院患者371例参与本研究,以基于ICF的功能评定工具对患者进行失能评估,以数字化评定量表(0~10分)评估条目失能程度。分析失能评定工具的内在一致性、评估者间信度、评估者内信度。结果基于ICF的失能评定量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.89,评估者间信度分析显示量表总分的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.85,量表包含的20个条目的ICC在0.78~0.94(P<0.01);评估者内信度分析显示量表的总分ICC为0.95,除b230听力外,量表包含的其它条目ICC在0.72~0.97(P<0.01)。结论基于ICF的失能评定工具与数字评定量表联合在临床失能评估应用中具有良好的内在一致性及评估者间信度和评估者内信度。