HIV/AIDS主要临床测查工具简评

HIV/AIDS给患者带来了心理、生理、社会、家庭等多方面的问题 ,心理学家和临床工作者根据临床经验修订和编制了多方面的临床测查工具 ,本文着重介绍了情绪、症状、心理卫生方面心理测量学指标较好的几个测查工具 ,以供国内学者研究之用     

The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups

Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity of the SPAQ are investigated. Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed. Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients. Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity. Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale.     

Reliability and validity of the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity,torque and position measurements

This study quantitatively assessed the mechanical reliability and validity of position, torque and velocity measurements of the Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day reliability were assessed during three trials on two separate days. To assess instrument validity, measurement of each variable using the Biodex System 3 dynamometer was compared to a criterion measure of position, torque and velocity. Position was assessed at 5° increments across the available range of motion of the dynamometer. Torque measures were assessed isometrically by hanging six different calibrated weights from the lever arm. Velocity was assessed (30°/s to 500°/s) across a 70° arc of motion by manually accelerating the weighted lever arm. With the exception of a systematic decrease in velocity at speeds of 300°/s and higher, the Biodex System 3 performed with acceptable mechanical reliability and validity on all variables tested.DisclosureThe Biodex dynamometer used for this investigation was donated to the laboratory by Biodex Medical Systems. The authors have no commercial or proprietary interest in this device.     

和谐完美主义量表的初步编制

目的编制一份测量和谐完美主义者合理认知与行为的量表。方法在理论分析与访谈的基础上，结合中国青少年、大学生完美主义量表的项目进行数据搜集和管理，运用内容分析、残差规整以及因素分析最终确定和谐完美主义的项目与维度，并进行了信度、效度检验。结果和谐完美主义心理由合理信念、自我提升、完美动机、自省、悦纳他人5个维度构成，各维度的内部一致性系数为0.75～0.88，重测信度为0.71～0.86，累积方差贡献率为61.57%。结论和谐完美主义量表具有较理想的信效度，较适合本土学生应用。     

原发性骨质疏松症患者生活质量量表的信度与效度研究

目的:检验原发性骨质疏松症患者生活质量量表(Osteoporosis Quality of Life Scale,OQOLS)测试版的信、效度.方法:应用OQOLS测试版随机抽取240名原发性骨质疏松症患者进行现场测试,计算该量表的重测信度、内部一致性信度和结构效度、效标效度等.结果: OQOLS测试版的重测系数为0.784～0.927,Cronbach's α系数为0.835～0.979,因子分析显示OQOLS的结构效度良好,与SF-36的效标效度为0.301～0.846.结论: OQOLS测试版具有较好的信、效度,可以用于我国原发性骨质疏松症患者生活质量的测评.     

社交回避与苦恼量表在学生群体中的信效度研究

社交焦虑正日益受到我国心理学与精神病学界的关注 ,对社交焦虑本质的探讨、临床评估以及疗效测评等都需要有效可靠的工具。社交回避与苦恼量表 (Socialavoidanceanddistressscale ,SAD)是国外应用较多的量表之一[1] ,它是Watson与Friend于 196 9年建立在大学生样本上的测量社交焦虑状态的量表 ,用于评估回避社会交往的倾向以及身临其境时的苦恼感受。作者采用“理性分析”法 (rationalanaly sis)建立相关的条目[2 ] 。量表建立初期至今 ,不断有人对其进行信效度考证 ,大都认同其具有良好的测量学品质[3,4 ] ,故在国外被广泛地用于焦虑研…     

情绪调节量表在青少年人群中的试用

目的:考察情绪调节量表在青少年人群中的信度和效度。方法:对789名中学生施测情绪调节量表,对测试结果进行信、效度分析。结果:情绪调节量表表达抑制维度的α系数为0.77,重新评价维度的α系数为0.83。验证性因素分析的结果显示,标准测量模型与实际数据的拟合程度良好,各项目均在对应的维度上具有0.45以上的完全标准化载荷值。对两个维度的关系进行考察,结果显示独立模型与标准测量模型之间无显著差异。不同年级的学生在两种情绪调节策略的使用上没有显著差异,男生较女生更多使用表达抑制策略。结论:情绪调节量表在青少年人群中具有良好的心理测量学品质,可以在进一步的研究中使用。     

大学生特殊完美主义量表的编制

目的:编制大学生特殊完美主义量表。方法:用探索性因素分析发展量表的初步理论结构,再用验证性因素分析证明理论结构的合理性和正确性,以此为基础编制了大学生特殊完美主义量表,并对正式问卷测量结果进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果:探索性因素分析确定量表含5个因素,解释了总变异的57.54%;#系数、分半信度、重测信度分别为0.648～0.781,0.664～0.790,0.720～0.779;验证性因素分析显示拟合指数χ2/df,GFI,AGFI,NFI,NNFI,RMSEA,CFI,IFI分别为2.32,0.91,0.88,0.84,0.88,0.06,0.90,0.90。结论:该量表的信效度都达到了测量学的要求。     

中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷的信效度检验

目的：检验中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷（FMPS）信效度。方法：共有1280名大学本科生作为被试填写了FMPS问卷，其1000名被试的数据用于探索性因素分析，另外280名被试的数据用于验证性因素分析。部分被试被要求填写测量焦虑、抑郁、强迫等心理困扰的问卷，作为效标效度检验。结果：中文版Frost多维度完美主义问卷由五个维度组成。各维度的项目载荷在0．45—0．78之间。五个因素（担心错误、条理性、父母期望、个人标准和行动的疑虑）可以解释总方差的53．7％。各维度的内部一致性系数为0．64-0．81。重测信度为0．63-0．82。中文FMPS与焦虑、抑郁、强迫等心理困扰也有屉著的相关，其中“担心错误”和“行动的疑虑”与各种心理困扰的相关系数在0．30—0．70之间。结论：中文FMPS的维度结构与其英文原问卷相似，且具有令人满意的信效度。适合在中国文化环境下使用。     

青少年网络行为问卷的编制及信效度分析

目的:编制青少年网络行为问卷,为系统评估网络成瘾青少年的网络相关行为特点提供工具。方法:通过开放式访谈和文献复习,建立问卷的初始条目库。采用探索性因素分析技术筛选条目。在湖南永州和长沙市分别取样490例和606例,进行问卷的有关信效度检验。结果:青少年网络行为问卷最终由56个条目构成,其中反映网络使用时间和上网条件等一般情况的条目16条,余40个条目可归纳为9个因子,分别为信息与技术、性与游戏、娱乐放松、网络人际关系、网络效能感、对网络的积极评价、消极评价、上网焦虑、网络满意度。9因子累计可解释方差变异的51.651%。验证性因素分析表明,9因子结构拟合良好,χ2/df=2.780,NFI=0.961,RFI=0.957,IFI=0.975,TLI=0.972,CFI=0.975,RMSEA=0.054。除少数分量表外,各分量表的"系数和重测相关系数较高。结论:青少年网络行为问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度。其实证效度有待进一步检验。