基于BIS指数的麻醉给药系统研究设计

麻醉给药研究的关键问题之一是如何保证麻醉药品在人体效应室中的理想浓度。以药代动力学为基础的靶控输注（TCI）是一种可实现的方法,基于BIS指数的实时闭环麻醉给药系统实时控制靶控输注给药可以获得理想的麻醉效果。本文对这一麻醉给药系统的研究提出临床工程设计方案,并加以实现。     

正确饮水与安全用药

目的：探讨服药时饮水量及水的成分对所服药物的影响。方法：通过文献查阅和总结．对服药时需多饮水的药物、服药时需少饮水及不需饮水的药物、服药时对水的成分要求分别进行阐述。结果：服药时正确饮水，才能发挥最大治疗作用。结论：药师和医生应重视服药时饮水对疾病治疗的影响，给予患者正确的指导，保证患者用药安全、有效达到预期的治疗目的。     

Dixyrazine premedication for cataract surgery. A comparison with diazepam

Peroral dixyrazine (15–30 mg, n = 50) and diazepam (4–10 mg, n = 50) were used as premedicants for geriatric patients having cataract surgery under regional block. Compared to the diazepam patients, a larger number of the dixyrazine medicated patients appeared anxious, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, when summing up changes in anxiety throughout the study period. The dixyrazine patients needed more frequent supplementation with intravenous sedative drugs, compared with their diazepam counterparts. Peroral dixyrazine is an applicable choice for calm patients, when only slight sedation, or avoidance of somnolence are required.     

Role of Der p 1–specific B cells in immune tolerance during 2 years of house dust mite–specific immunotherapy

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精神专科医院门诊抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素.方法:选取2007年5月至10月于北京大学第六医院及北京回龙观医院门诊就诊的123例抑郁症患者,采用自编抑郁症患者就诊状况及服药依从性调查问卷进行调查,内容包括患者一般情况、患病及就诊情况调查、抑郁症发病次数、巩固治疗期坚持服药时间知晓情况及实际服药情况等.分别采用卡方检验及多元Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素与服药依从性的相关性.结果:完全依从组(完全按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)和部分依从组(部分按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)在医疗费用支付形式、病程、家属态度、抑郁症阳性家族史、对疾病性质的认识、就诊模式、第一主诉、患病次数、坚持服药时间知晓情况、家庭平均月收入等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),将患者服药依从情况作为因变量,将以上项目作为自变量进行Logistic回归,结果显示月收入、对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程进入回归方程,各变量比值比分别为:10.932、9.604、7.246、6.019、2.611、0.209.结论:抑郁症患者服药依从性与多方面因素相关,对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程、家庭平均月收入等是影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的重要因素.     

Cognitive and behavioural correlates of non‐adherence to HIV anti‐retroviral therapy: Theoretical and practical insight for clinical psychology and health psychology

This cross‐sectional study identified variables associated with protease inhibitor (PI) non‐adherence in 179 patients taking anti‐retroviral therapy. Univariate analyses identified 11 variables associated with PI non‐adherence. Multiple logistic regression modelling identified three predictors of PI non‐adherence: low adherence self‐efficacy and seriousness of non‐adherence and HIV (p < .001), perceived absence of HIV associated illness (p < .01), and use of more than one type of recreational drug (p = .001). The model correctly classified 83.9% of the sample, offers psychologists insight into psychological barriers to treatment adherence to guide interventions for improving adherence, and supports a modified version of the reformulated health belief model.     

以合理用药绩效管理促进医院高质量发展

合理用药是保障医疗质量与安全的重要举措之一。通过设置合理用药绩效考核指标,管控重点药品涉及的科室及医生,审核处方、医嘱优化药物治疗方案,动态监测与超常预警异常用药,限制重点监控药品用量以及实时公示药品使用情况等一系列管控方法,2017年-2021年次均药品费用均保持在较低水平,处方合格率总体上升;2021年门急诊次均药品费用和住院次均药品费用均较2020年下降,处方合格率达99.05%,合理用药绩效指标整体完成情况良好,达到了预期目标。还需继续加大抗菌药物合理使用管理力度,强化临床药师实时审核医嘱,优化抗感染治疗方案等。     

以重点监控药品管理促进合理用药水平提升

通过开展以“合理用药”为核心的重点监控药品管理,促进合理用药水平提升。采取事后处方点评及处方前置审核,建立和完善重点监控药品管理方案,对不合理用药进行拦截、宣教、绩效处罚、限量采购、约谈等,实现了重点监控药品规范化管理。实践后,不合理医嘱减少,处方点评合格率提升,辅助用药种类减少。认为建立重点监控药品管理的相关制度及流程,对提升合理用药水平有一定促进作用。     

Relational continuity of care in community pharmacy: A systematic review

Relational continuity of care (COC) is becoming an important concept related to improving healthcare quality, reducing medical costs and increasing patient satisfaction with primary care. While community pharmacy (CP) has a considerable role in primary care, there are few reports dedicated to the role of relational COC in CP. This study reviewed the existing evidence of relational COC in CP and its effect on patients. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library CENTRAL and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies from the date of database inception through to January 2021, which were appraised according to eligibility criteria. There were no limitations on the primary outcome or language. Case reports and studies without control groups were excluded. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Database searches identified 13 records. Relational COC measures in the included studies were grouped in three kinds; pharmacy-visiting pattern, Continuity of Care Index and loyalty. The assessed outcomes were medication adherence behaviour (e.g., the proportion of days covered, medication possession ratio), adverse drug reactions, potentially inappropriate drug prescribing and clinical outcomes. The odds of patients adhering to their medication regimen were about 1.1~2.5 times higher among those who consistently visited a single pharmacy compared to patients visiting multiple pharmacies. Additionally, the care provision with a high level of relational continuity could lower inappropriate drug use by 21~32 per cent and the use of other costly services by 12~29 per cent. This study suggests that a high degree of relational COC in CP could improve safe use of medications among patients. Future research is needed to employ more rigorous methods to reduce heterogeneity and to measure effects on clinical outcomes.     

艾滋病患者渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预的应用效果

目的 探讨渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预对艾滋病患者服药依从性及心理状态的影响。方法 选择2017年8月—2020年8月于本院就诊的68例艾滋病患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预,比较两组服药依从性及医院焦虑抑郁量表(HospitalAnxietyand Depresseo Scale,HAD)评分。结果 观察组服药总依从率为97.06%,高于对照组的70.59%,(χ2=8.785,P=0.003);观察组干预2周后焦虑评分为(14.35±1.67)分、抑郁评分为(13.98±1.38)分,均低于对照组的(15.63±1.59)分、(15.08±1.27)分,(t=3.237、3.420,P=0.002、0.001)。结论 渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预应用于艾滋病患者,能够提高患者服药依从性,改善患者心理状态。