肱骨骨不连的手术治疗

目的探讨肱骨骨不连的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法1998年12月～2005年5月共收治肱骨骨不连患者25例,均为肱骨骨折内固定术后发生骨不连,其中3例并发骨髓炎,6例合并不同程度肱骨骨缺损,骨缺损长度为3～6cm。骨不连病程8个月～5年。15例行吻合血管游离腓骨移植,10例采用加压交锁髓内针进行肱骨固定并辅以自体骨植骨。结果术后25例均得到随访,时间6个月～6年2个月。吻合血管游离腓骨移植组中移植的腓骨段均与肱骨干形成骨性愈合,平均骨性愈合时间为3．1个月；交锁髓内针组平均骨愈合时间为3．8个月。按Crates和Whittle肩肘关节功能评价标准,腓骨移植组：优9例,良4例,差2例；交锁髓内针组：优5例,良3例,差2例。结论应用加压交锁髓内针辅以自体骨移植对硬化性肱骨骨不连是一种有效的外科治疗方法；对合并骨髓炎、大段骨缺损及严重骨质疏松的肱骨骨不连,采用吻合血管游离腓骨移植可一期进行修复与重建。     

空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折术后并发症的分析

目的探讨影响空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折术后早期并发症及中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的因素。方法对1994年1月～2004年1月间应用空心螺钉治疗的116例股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性总结,将患者性别、年龄、骨折类型、骨折复位情况、外伤至手术时间与骨折术后早期并发症及中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死间的关系进行统计学分析。结果116例患者获平均(3．2±2．5)年(1～11年)随访。术后早期并发症包括：骨折内固定失败6例,骨折周围再骨折2例,感染2例,下肢深静脉血栓6例。年龄是引起骨折术后早期并发症的主要因素之一；骨折术后早期并发症还与骨质情况及内固定技术有关。本组16例出现股骨头缺血性坏死,其坏死率为13．8%。造成股骨头缺血性坏死的因素主要是骨折类型,其次为骨折复位情况。结论①年龄大于60岁的患者股骨颈骨折术后早期并发症相对多。②对于骨折移位严重的高龄患者,建议行人工关节置换术。③内固定术应尽可能解剖复位、坚强牢靠,以减少术后股骨头缺血性坏死的发生。     

下肢复杂骨折交锁髓内钉治疗粉碎骨折螺钉辅助固定的意义

[目的]探索在交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂骨折中粉碎骨折块辅助固定的意义。[方法]下肢复杂骨折78例根据AO分型均为C型骨折，通过交锁髓内钉内固定，辅以拉力螺钉固定。[结果]术后摄片骨折及骨折块达解剖或功能复位，随诊6～24个月，优良率为94．88％（74／78例）。[结论]四肢复杂骨折治疗中，粉碎骨折块的螺钉辅助固定能够加强交锁髓内钉的稳定性，减少断钉、断棒现象，有利于骨折愈合。     

镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折

目的探讨治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的理想内固定方法.方法 2001年8月～2004年4月,采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗24例桡骨近端1/3骨折.其中男19例,女5例.年龄16～48岁.摔伤9例,压砸伤5例,交通事故伤4例,直接暴力撞击伤3例,高处坠落伤3例.按照形状记忆合金环抱接骨板的安装方法进行骨折复位内固定.术后定期随访,观察骨折愈合及功能恢复情况.结果所有患者均获随访4～21个月,平均10个月.均无术中、术后并发症,切口Ⅰ期愈合;X 线片示骨折均于术后8～12周临床愈合,根据Anderson疗效标准,功能恢复优18例,良5例,可1例,优良率95.83%.结论应用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折具有创伤小、操作简便安全、固定可靠、组织相容性好、并发症少等优点,有利于促进骨折愈合和肘、腕关节功能康复,是一种治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的较好方法.     

股骨重建钉在股骨粗隆下骨折手术中的应用

[目的]探讨股骨重建钉（RIN）治疗股骨粗隆下骨折（SFF）的手术方法及临床疗效。[方法]1998年6月-2005年5月，采用RIN技术对4JD例SFF患者进行固定，其中男27例，女13例；年龄22．．75岁。平均43．5岁。依据Seinsheimer分类：Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型13例，Ⅳ型21例，Ⅴ型1例。高能量损伤33例，低能量损伤7例。开放性骨折3例。[结果]4JD例随访8个月-2a6个月，平均1a8个月。X线片观察骨折愈合时间4．2月（3．2-6．5月）。按照韩一生评分标准，优26例，良12例，可2例，优良率95％。无感染、内固定失效、畸形愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。[结论]RIN技术是治疗SFF的一种有效方法，具有固定可靠、并发症少、骨折愈合率高等优点。精细的手术操作是手术成功的关键。     

高龄老年股骨转子间骨折的手术治疗

2000年1月~2005年1月,我科在C臂X线机下行闭合复位、有限小切口切开、短臂螺钉内固定治疗高龄老年股骨转子间骨折94例,取得了较好疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组94例,男42例,女52例,年龄80~97岁(80~89岁84例,90岁以上10例)。骨折按Evans分型:Ⅰ型26例,Ⅱ型31例,Ⅲ型29例,Ⅳ型8例。所有患者均存在不同程度骨质疏松和退行性骨关节病,其中79例有并存症,2种以上并存症者47例,个别病例最多并存症达5种。各种并存症中高血压41例,呼吸系统疾病21例,脑血管疾病15例,冠心病21例,糖尿病14例,泌尿系疾病11例,消化系统疾病9例,五官科疾病12例,肿瘤2…     

Fit and fill analysis of a newly designed femoral stem in cementless total hip arthroplasty for patients with secondary osteoarthritis

The fit and fill of the femoral canal are critical to the success of cementless femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty. It is difficult for conventional stems to provide a good fit and fill for the femora of patients with secondary osteoarthritis. Based on measurements of 100 femora of these patients, we designed two types of Fukui Medical School (FMS) stems with a proximal lateral flare that differed in the medial radius. We compared the fit and fill of the FMS stems with those of four conventional stems, using computer simulation. The mean proximal fit and total fit of the FMS stems were 46% and 53% respectively, a significant improvement compared with the other stems examined. The mean fill of FMS stems was 82% at the lower end of the lesser trochanter and 84% at the upper end of the isthmus, values that were significantly higher than those of the other stems. Since September 1995, we have implanted FMS stems in 15 hips with secondary osteoarthritis. Radiographic evaluations showed that the canal fill of the FMS stems was significantly greater in the proximal femur compared with other stems previously inserted at our department. A summary of this paper was presented at the 9th Symposium on Computer-Assisted Radiology; June 1995, Berlin, and at the 8th International Symposium on Technology in Arthroplasty; September 1995, Puerto Rico.     

Nails in systemic disease

Nail plate and nail unit abnormalities may be helpful as diagnostic tools or as a part of the puzzle for confirmation of systemic disease. There are specific and nonspecific nail signs, which can be seen involving one or more nails, that occur simultaneously or secondary to systemic disease. Occasionally these clues can be diagnostic, while most are nonspecific reaction patterns. Nail changes occur in the nail plate as a result of nail matrix abnormalities caused by systemic disease and other systemic insults such as reactions to medications. In this article we review some of the more common nail signs that can be used to help diagnose systemic disease.