Functional transition: Inconsistently parallel to the increase in future liver remnant volume after preoperative portal vein embolization

BACKGROUNDPreoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is a widely used strategy to enable major hepatectomy in patients with insufficient liver remnant. PVE induces hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) and a shift of the functional reserve to the FLR. However, whether the increase of the FLR volume (FLRV) corresponds to the functional transition after PVE remains unclear.AIMTo investigate the sequential relationship between the increase in FLRV and functional transition after preoperative PVE using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and ^99mTc-galactosyl-human serum albumin (^99mTc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) fusion images. METHODSThirty-three patients who underwent major hepatectomy following PVE at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital between October 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled. Three-phase dynamic multidetector CT and ^99mTc-GSA SPECT scintigraphy were performed at pre-PVE, and at 1 and 2 wk after PVE; 3D ^99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images were constructed from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data using 3D image analysis system. Functional FLRV (FFLRV) was defined as the total liver volume × (FLR volume counts/total liver volume counts) on the 3D ^99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images. The calculated FFLRV was compared with FLRV.RESULTSFFLRV increased by a significantly larger extent than FLRV at 1 and 2 wk after PVE (P < 0.01). The increase in FFLRV and FLRV was 55.1% ± 41.6% and 26.7% ± 17.8% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 1 wk after PVE, and 64.2% ± 33.3% and 36.8% ± 18.9% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 2 wk after PVE. In 3 of the 33 patients, FFLRV levels decreased below FLRV at 2 wk. One of the three patients showed rapidly progressive fatty changes in FLR. The biopsy at 4 wk after PVE showed macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis of more than 40%, which improved to 10%. Radical resection was performed at 13 wk after PVE. The patient recovered uneventfully without any symptoms of pos-toperative liver failure.CONCLUSIONThe functional transition lagged behind the increase in FLRV after PVE in some cases. Evaluating both volume and function is needed to determine the optimal timing of hepatectomy after PVE.     

术前预康复对全髋关节置换术后功能锻炼及运动耐力的影响

目的 探讨术前预康复在全髋关节置换（THA）术后患者关节功能和运动耐力中的干预效果。方法 80例THA患者随机分为实验组与对照组,每组各40例。对照组接受常规术前教育,实验组接受预康复训练。两组患者均在入院、术前1天、术后第2天、术后1周、术后2周使用Harris髋关节功能量表 (HHS)、Charnley髋关节功能评分量表（CHS）和6分钟步行试验（6MWT）来评估患者的关节功能及运动耐力状况。使用t检验、重复测量分析评估其干预效果。结果 经预康复训练后,实验组不同时间点HHS、CHS和6MWT有统计学意义(P<0.05);且组别和时间在HHS、CHS和6MWT上有交互作用。实验组HHS在术前1天、术后1周、术后2周均优于对照组（t=3.594、2.437、5.891,P<0.05）;实验组CHS在术前1天、术后1周、术后2周均优于对照组（t=2.318、3.724、6.439,P<0.05）;实验组6MWT在术前1天、术后1周、术后2周均优于对照组（t=3.878、5.891、8.750,P<0.05）。简单效应示,术前预康复对改善患者的HHS、CHS和6MWT直接及持续作用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 术前预康复可改善THA术后患者关节功能和提升运动耐力,且随着时间改变,效果显著。     

时窗复杂度序列在睡眠脑电分期中的应用

运用时窗复杂度序列来分析睡眠脑电，减少了非平稳性及状态空间的不均匀性造成的脑状态信息的丢失，在一定程度上克服了复杂度自身的局限，有助于不同睡眠期状态特征的提取。另外采用独立分量分析（ICA），小波变换等方法对脑电进行预处理，实验表明它们能有效地去除脑电中的一些生理干扰，有利于提高复杂度算法在睡眠分期应用中的精确度。     

大肠癌组织中端粒酶活性的研究

目的研究大肠癌组织及相应癌旁组织中的端粒酶活性,探讨其作为肠癌肿瘤标记物的可能性。方法采用ＴＲＡＰ方法研究了４０例大肠组织（包括３７例大肠癌,３例良性大肠疾病）和２０例相应癌旁上皮组织中的端粒酶活性表达。结果２０例癌旁上皮和３例良性疾病组织中,端粒酶活性表达均为阴性;而３７例大肠癌组织中,３５例显示端粒酶活性表达为阳性,阳性率为９４．６％。结论端粒酶是特异性较强的恶性肿瘤基因标志,有可能成为大肠癌早期诊断和治疗的理想标志物     

Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in women undergoing hysterectomy. A repeated-measures design

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether psychological variables such as preoperative anxiety can serve as predictors for the postoperative pain response. METHODS: The study sample included women who underwent elective abdominal hysterectomy (n=53). Two weeks prior to surgery, characteristics such as trait anxiety, coping style, and perceived stress were evaluated. Throughout the perioperative period, state anxiety, pain, as well as analgesic consumption were assessed at multiple time points. The anesthetic and surgical management were carefully controlled for and postoperative pain management was standardized. RESULTS: Path analysis demonstrated that there are both direct and indirect effects of preoperative state anxiety on postoperative pain. Preoperative state anxiety is a significant positive predictor of the immediate postoperative pain (beta=0.30), which, in turn, is a positive predictor of pain on the wards (beta=0.54). Pain on the ward, in turn, is predictive for pain at home (beta=0.30). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that preoperative anxiety may have a critical role in the chain-of-events that controls the postoperative pain response.     

Contribution of PET imaging to the initial staging and prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease.

BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning utilizing [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a new method of tumor imaging based on the increased glucose metabolic activity of malignant tumors. In Hodgkin's disease (HD), PET has proven value for the evaluation of residual masses following treatment and for the early diagnosis of relapse. In the initial staging of HD, PET frequently shows a higher stage than conventional methods (upstaging by PET). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of stage changes by PET in a multicenter setting and determined its prognostic relevance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 73 patients with newly diagnosed HD were staged with both conventional methods and whole-body PET scanning. All histological types and stages were represented. The median time of follow-up after the initial diagnosis was 25 months (range 1 month to 5 years). The response to treatment was determined by standard clinical and diagnostic criteria. For the purpose of this analysis, data from a PET center associated with a university medical center and a PET center associated with a group oncology practice were combined. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (28.8%) were upstaged by PET compared with conventional methods. In two cases (2.7%), a lower stage was suggested by PET scanning. With one possible exception, the upstaging had no obvious clinical or biological correlate. Among 12 patients in stage I (A + B) by conventional methods, seven were upstaged by PET (58.3%), four to stage II, one to stage III and two to stage IV. Among 42 patients in stage II, eight were upstaged by PET (19.0%), six to stage III and two to stage IV. Among 12 patients in stage III, six (50%) were upstaged to stage IV by PET. If only early-stage patients and major changes are considered (stages IA-IIB to III or IV), among 49, 10 were upstaged to III or IV, whereas in 39 staging was unchanged following PET. In the former group, three relapsed or were refractory compared with none in the latter group (P<0.006). In advanced stage patients (IIIA or IIIB) a trend toward treatment failure was apparent in patients who were upstaged by PET. CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning is an interesting new modality for the accurate staging of patients with HD and frequently shows a higher stage than conventional methods. PET should be performed at initial diagnosis and should be included in prospective studies of patients with HD. Upstaging by PET may represent a risk factor for a more advanced stage or a biologically more aggressive tumor. Patients with early-stage disease as identified by conventional methods have a significant risk of treatment failure if a more advanced stage is indicated by PET. At present, major stage changes suggested by PET imaging should be confirmed by an independent diagnostic method.     

PET在肺癌诊断和分期中的应用

本文介绍正电子发射断层显像(PET)在肺癌诊断和分期中的应用概况，肯定了其临床应用价值。并简要叙述我国PET目前现状及今后展望。PET系大型医疗设备，我国未纳入医疗保险，其发展要根据社会经济发展和病人承受能力，合理布局，有限量地增加。作者指出，加强核医学科人员培训与临床各科医师(包括放射科，肿瘤科，胸外科，放射治疗等)的合作是提高PET临床应用和研究水平的关键因素。     

An Analysis of Approaches to the Management of Endometrial Cancer in North America: A CTF Study

Objective.The aim of this study was to define the clinical–therapeutical approach to endometrial cancer now being followed in some of the most important centers of reference for gynecological cancer in North America by means of a questionnaire.Study design.The questionnaire focused on four principal areas: (1) surgical staging and therapy; (2) adjuvant treatment; (3) treatment modifications; and (4) management of advanced stages (FIGO III–IV).Results.There were 48 evaluable responses (77%) received by the end of December 1994 which were considered for this analysis. Lymphadenectomy is utilized routinely in 26/48 centers (54.2%) and in selective clinical–pathological conditions in another 21/48 centers (43.5%). In the majority of centers (31/48; 64.6%) radical surgery is utilized for selected indications such as cervical involvement. Only 3/48 (6.2%) centers consider the vaginal approach totally inappropriate. The great majority (40/48; 83.3%) of the centers considered postsurgical adjuvant therapy to be necessary in FIGO Stage Ic. Brachytherapy is routinely performed in 3 centers (6.2%) in postsurgical management of Stage I endometrial cancer, while the majority of the centers (31/48; 64.6%) perform brachytherapy of the vaginal vault in certain clinical–pathological conditions. A wide variety of treatments are used for advanced stages (FIGO III–IV).Conclusions.It emerges that some controversial aspects exist on endometrial cancer treatment, and these conflicting data need a large-scale multicenter randomized clinical trial.     

喉癌MRI分期评价

目的评价ＭＲＩ在喉癌术前Ｔ分期中的价值。方法对５９例喉癌的ＭＲＩ资料进行回顾性分期，并与纤维喉镜及手术病理对照。结果ＭＲＩ对各期喉癌分期的准确性分别是：Ｔ１：９５％（２０／２１），Ｔ２：８８％（１５／１７），Ｔ３：８５％（１１／１３）Ｔ４：１００％（８／８）。纤维喉镜分期的准确性是：Ｔ１：９１％（１９／２１），Ｔ２：８８％（１５／１７），Ｔ３：４７％（８／１３），Ｔ４：１３％（１／８）。结论ＭＲＩ能准确判断会厌前间隙（ＰＥＳ）、喉旁间隙（ＰＧＳ）浸润及软骨破坏，因而可显著提高喉癌术前分期的准确性，对临床治疗方案选择具有重要意义。     

食管腔内超声食管癌术前分期评价

目的 评价腔内超声(EU)对食管癌术前分期的准确性.方法30例食管癌患者术前进行EU(5MH_z直径 10mm)检查,其中8例(26.7%)因狭窄严重未能对肿瘤进行全面探测.全部患者均接受手术治疗,将术前临床分期.EU分期的结果与术后病理分期进行对比分析.结果 术前临床分期正确率仅为40%.EU对肿瘤外侵程度(T)、区域淋巴结受累情况(N)及术前分期的正确率在全组分别为76.7%、66.7%和70.0%,若去除严重狭窄病例后上升为77.7%、77.7%和77.3%.结论 EU能相当准确地对食管癌进行术前分期,提示肿瘤有无外侵或淋巴结转移,为治疗提供指导.病灶周围炎症反应、肿瘤微转移灶及严重狭窄是影响分期正确性的重要因素.