Importance of Hydrostatic Pressure and Irrigation for Hemostasis in Neuroendoscopic Surgery

Recently neurosurgical operations have been carried out with water irrigation such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy and tumor resections in ventricles. Water irrigation is one of several published methods that promote hemostasis; however, not enough experimental evidence exists on its efficacy. In this study, we investigate whether hydrostatic pressure and persistent irrigation promote hemostasis in neuroendoscopic surgery. We dissected tails of 12–16-week-old C57BL/6 male mice at 5 mm proximal from the tip and checked for bleeding times under dry and wet conditions at pressures of 0 cmH₂O, 10 cmH₂O, 15 H₂O, and 20 cmH₂O without persistent irrigation to bleeding point and 10 cmH₂O with persistent irrigation. We then examined the dissected edge with hematoxylin–eosin staining and measured the size of vessels. The average bleeding time of each group is as follows: dry: 203.4 sec, wet: 164.4 sec, 5 cmH₂O: 138.6 sec, 10 cmH₂O: 104.6 sec (P <0.001), 20 cmH₂O: 56 sec (P <0.001), and 10 cmH₂O with persistent irrigation: 72.8 sec (P <0.01 compared to 10 cmH₂O without persistent irrigation). The maximum caliber of mice’s tail artery was 50–60 μm. Hydrostatic pressure and irrigation are important factors contributing to hemostasis.     

2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Topical Adhesive as an Alternative to Subcuticular Suture for Skin Closure After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Same Patient

BackgroundThe 2-octyl cyanoacrylate topical adhesive with flexible self-adhesive polyester mesh (Dermabond Prineo) is becoming widely used in many surgical fields. However, no prior studies have tested the efficacy and safety of this topical adhesive compared with subcuticular suture in the same patient. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety between Dermabond Prineo and subcuticular suture for skin closure in patients undergoing same-day bilateral total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).Materials and MethodsA prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in 51 patients scheduled to undergo same-day bilateral TKAs. One knee was randomly assigned to the Dermabond Prineo and the other knee was allocated to the subcuticular suture. As primary outcomes, Vancouver scar scale was evaluated at 6 months and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale was evaluated at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included cosmesis efficacy (Hollander wound evaluation scale [HWES] and cosmesis visual analog scale [VAS]), time and pain efficiency (skin suture time, stitch out time, and stitch out pain VAS), and safety (wound complications during the 6-month follow-up period). The primary and secondary outcome measures were compared between groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in Vancouver scar scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale at 6 months. Although there were no significant differences in HWES at 2 weeks, the Dermabond Prineo group showed better step-off border item of HWES. There was also no difference in cosmesis VAS at 6 months. The Dermabond Prineo group showed superior results in terms of time (suture time: Dermabond Prineo = 191 second (sec) ± 60.1 sec, subcuticular suture = 356.8 sec ± 92.3 sec; stitch out time: Dermabond Prineo = 4 sec ± 1.3 sec, subcuticular suture = 26.6 sec ± 4.2 sec, all P < .001) without significant differences in pain scale (P = .823) or wound complications (all P > .05).ConclusionComparing cosmetic efficacy, time efficiency, and safety, Dermabond Prineo provided quicker wound closure, shorter stitch out time, and better wound margin coaptation in the early postoperative period but similar cosmetic efficacy compared with subcuticular suture. Based on our study, Dermabond Prineo is a useful alternative to subcuticular suture in patients undergoing TKA.Level of EvidenceTherapeutic level 1.     

急诊内镜诊疗在结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血中的应用

目的探讨结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血病人使用急诊内镜检查及止血的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2014年1月至2019年11月结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血行急诊内镜检查以及内镜下治疗的28例病人资料。结果28例病人包括直肠癌术后15例、左半结肠癌术后3例及右半结肠癌术后10例。上述病例均完成急诊内镜检查并接受内镜下止血治疗。仅1例直肠癌术后吻合口出血病人因合并吻合口漏经内镜下止血效果不佳,最终接受外科手术治疗;其余27例吻合口出血病人均经过内镜止血成功。所有病例住院期间无再发出血,内镜诊疗并未导致术后吻合口漏及穿孔。结论结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血急诊内镜检查及止血的方案,不增加吻合口出血、穿孔及漏等风险。术后急诊内镜下止血是安全有效的治疗手段,能明显提高止血成功率,降低再手术率。在病人出血后8 h内行急诊内镜是非常关键的诊治措施。     

腹腔镜胰腺外科手术缝合技术与缝合材料选择中国专家共识（2021版）

正胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)及胰体尾切除术(distal pancreatectomy, DP)作为治疗壶腹周围及胰体尾肿瘤的经典术式,具有手术难度大、技术要求高及术后并发症多等特点,是腹部外科极具代表性及挑战性的术式之一。随着手术理念、技术及缝合材料的更新、进步与优化,PD术后围手术期死亡率已降至3%以下,但术后并发症特别是胰瘘的发生率仍高达10%～30%。     

Platelet glycoprotein VI-dependent thrombus stabilization is essential for the intraportal engraftment of pancreatic islets

Platelet activation and thrombus formation have been implicated to be detrimental for intraportal pancreatic islet transplants. The platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in thrombosis through cellular activation and the subsequent release of secondary mediators. In aggregometry and in a microfluidic dynamic assay system modeling flow in the portal vein, pancreatic islets promoted platelet aggregation and triggered thrombus formation, respectively. While platelet GPVI deficiency did not affect the initiation of these events, it was found to destabilize platelet aggregates and thrombi in this process. Interestingly, while no major difference was detected in early thrombus formation after intraportal islet transplantation, genetic GPVI deficiency or acute anti-GPVI treatment led to an inferior graft survival and function in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation and xenogeneic human islet transplantation models. These results demonstrate that platelet GPVI signaling is indispensable in stable thrombus formation induced by pancreatic islets. GPVI deficiency resulted in thrombus destabilization and inferior islet engraftment indicating that thrombus formation is necessary for a successful intraportal islet transplantation in which platelets are active modulators.     

膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口对全膝关节置换术治疗效果的影响

目的 比较膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口和膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口在全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的122例拟行TKA手术的病人,采用随机数字表法将病人分为两组,对照组（61例）采用膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口,观察组（61例）采用膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口。比较两组病人切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、屈膝90°活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、Hollander切口愈合（Hollander wound evaluation scale,HWES）评分、美国纽约特种外科医院（American hospital for special surgery,HSS）膝关节评分、Rasmussen评分、膝关节活动范围（ROM）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）以及术后并发症差异。结果 两组切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、HWES评分、并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。观察组屈膝90°活动时间短于对照组,术后24 h、48 h的HSS评分、Rasmussen评分高于对照组,膝关节ROM大于对照组,术后24 h、48 h、72 h的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口可减轻术后早期疼痛程度,利于膝关节功能恢复,且不增加并发症发生风险。     

Comfortable suture angle with optimized trocar position aids renorrhaphy during retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BackgroundThis study investigated a comfortable suture angle (CSA) with optimized trocar position for closing the defect during renorrhaphy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The feasibility, usefulness, and safety of achieving the CSA with modified trocar position were determined for different tumor types.MethodsTwo optimized trocar positions were introduced for different tumor types. A suture angle was based on the tumor plane of the superficial parenchyma defect and the line formed by the needle holder. Preliminary surgical simulations determined a CSA that combined the least suture time with the greatest ease of performance. Achieving the CSA was attempted during renorrhaphy of 106 enrolled patients undergoing retroperitoneal LPN. Patients’ characteristics, operative features, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor 89 (83.96%) patients, a CSA was successfully reached and parenchyma recovered. The remaining 17 patients were successfully sutured, but the attempt to achieve a CSA failed. For the CSA group, the suture, clamping, and overall operative times were significantly less than that of the non-CSA patients. The groups were similar regarding estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, and rates of glomerular filtration reduction and complications. Univariable analyses determined that tumor location, growth pattern, and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) may influence the success of this approach. Multivariable analyses indicated that only tumor location and RNS were independent factors affecting successful achievement of the CSA.ConclusionsThrough different kidney position changes, the CSA could be used to ease the suture process. It is feasible and safe to perform a CSA with optimized trocar position during LPN. Tumor location and RNS may influence the approach to get a CSA.     

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS OOPHORITIS WITH CORTICAL NECROSIS DURING REMISSION OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Ovarian involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is rarely observed in autopsy and biopsy materials. Cortical necrosis of the ovaries was found in an autopsy case with generalized CMV infection. The patient was an 11-year-old girl in a remission state of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Autopsy revealed several areas showing necrotic change up to 2 mm in size in the cortex of both ovaries. Many cytomegalic cells were found in both the necrotic and intact areas of the cortex. CMV had infected the granulosa, thecal and stromal cells as well as vascular endothelial cells. Oocytes of neither primary nor graafian follicles showed cytomegalic changes, although they were destroyed due to the necrosis. CMV antigen was immunohistologically detected in these cytomegalic cells. Ultrastructurally, herpesvirus-type particles were revealed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the cytomegalic cells. This case demonstrated that ovarian infection with CMV can potentially induce cortical necrosis and decrease the number of oocytes. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38 : 1069 ∼ 1076, 1988.     

Prevention of hypotony after trabeculectomies with mitomycine

Hypotony with reduced a reduced visual acuity is often seen after trabeculectomy with mitomycine. In this study we describe measures such as reattaching the sleral flap with at least seven nylon sutures and the controlled and delayed use of argon laser suture lysis. With these preventative measures the percentage of hypotonies (IOP 6 mmHg) three months after surgery was reduced from 38 to 15% and chronically reduced visual acuity was reduced from 38 to 5%. With these adaptations in the surgical technique the complication rate of trabeculectomies with mitomycine can be markedly reduced without affecting the mean IOP (10.9 mmHg versus 10.8 mmHg) three months after surgery and the percentage of eyes with IOP 18 mmHg or less without medication (94 versus 91%).