低钠血症对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的：探讨低钠血症对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者预后的影响。方法：按血钠水平86例CHF患者被分为正常血钠组（52例）和低钠血症组（34例），按常规CHF治疗后，比较两组左室射分数（LVEF）、CHF纠正时间和死亡率。结果：与正常血钠组比较，低钠血症组LVEF显著降低，心力衰竭纠正时间显著延长．死亡率显著升高（P均〈0.05）。结论：低钠血症是CHF患者影响预后的重要影响因素。     

Cluster randomization trial of sequence mass screening for colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. To reduce the incidence and mortality from rectal cancer, an individual quantitative risk-assessment model (hereafter referred to as the Attributive Degree Value) and reverse passive hemagglutination fecal occult blood test were used in a randomized, controlled, population-based trial that was conducted in Jiashan County, Peoples Republic of China. METHODS: All residents of Jiashan County aged 30 years or older were enrolled in the study, and 21 townships in the county were randomized to either a screening (n = 10 townships) or control (n = 11 townships) group. Participants in the screened group submitted a one-article-per-slide stool sample and completed a structured risk-assessment questionnaire from which their attributive degree value was computed. According to study protocol, 4,299 participants were defined as high risk and underwent diagnostic evaluation with 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscopy and, in some cases, an additional screening with colonoscopy. RESULTS: From 1989 to 1996, cumulative mortality from colon cancer was 90 (95 percent confidence interval, 83–97) per 100,000 in the screened group and 83 (95 percent confidence interval, 76–90) per 100,000 in the control group (log-rank = 1.49, P = 0.222). Mortality from rectal cancer during this time was 110 (95 percent confidence interval, 102–118) per 100,000 in the screened group, which differed significantly from the control group mortality rate of 161 (95 percent confidence interval, 152–170) per 100,000 (log-rank P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Mass screening with a reverse passive hemagglutination fecal occult blood test along with an individual attributive degree value score was effective in reducing mortality from rectal cancer but not in reducing mortality from colon cancer or the incidence of colorectal cancer.     

Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Next-Day Discharge After Minimalist Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Objectives

This study sought to investigate predictors and safety of next-day discharge (NDD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Patients using statin treatment within 24 h after admission for ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes had lower mortality than non-users: a report from the first Euro Heart Survey on acute coronary syndromes.

AIMS: Statins provide effective secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease. However, it remains uncertain how soon statins should be started after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently published trials suggest starting before discharge. We hypothesize that statins should be initiated without delay. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from a large cohort of 10,484 consecutive patients with an ACS were analysed. Of this cohort, 1426 first-time statin receivers and survivors of the first 24 h were compared with 6771 first-day survivors not receiving statin therapy. A propensity score for the likelihood of receiving statin therapy within 24 h was developed and used with other established risk factors in a multivariable analysis. There was a significantly reduced all-cause 7-day mortality in patients receiving early statin therapy [0.4 vs. 2.6%, unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.37, adjusted HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.79]. Statistical significance was observed in patients presenting with STE-ACS (adjusted HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.70) and not in NSTE-ACS patients. However, no statistical evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect was observed between these groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that very early statin therapy is associated with reduced mortality in patients presenting with STE-ACS; however, these findings have to be confirmed by prospective, randomized controlled trials before firm treatment recommendations can be given.     

The smoker's paradox in acute coronary syndrome: Is it real?

Introduction

Smoking is associated with atherosclerotic disease, but there is controversy about its protective nature after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

2011年青海省平安县居民死因监测分析

目的了解青海省国家级疾病监测点居民的死亡水平及期望寿命,发现主要死亡原因,为制定全省卫生政策提供科学依据。方法收集2011年平安县死因网络报告资料,分析主要死亡原因。结果 2011年平安县居民期望寿命为71.21岁,其中男性为68.87岁、女性为74.29岁;居民粗死亡率为489.85/10万,其中男性为542.60/10万、女性为435.94/10万,标化死亡率为466.52/10万。前5位死因分别是循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒及消化系统疾病;前5位死因单病种疾病分别是脑血管疾病、胃癌、慢性阻塞性肺部疾患、交通事故和肝疾患。结论慢性非传染性疾病是当地居民的主要死因,需要大力开展针对其危险因素的综合干预。     

限制性液体复苏综合救治在失血性休克患者中的急诊救治体会

目的:探讨限制性液体复苏等综合救治在失血性休克患者中的急诊救治体会。方法:选择失血性休克患者153例,随机分为两组:A组78例,为限制性液体复苏组,B组75例为常规液体复苏组。并结合综合的救治治疗措施,统计比较两组的死亡率。结果:通过临床观察,A组死亡13例,占18.7%;B组死亡25例,占38.7%,A组死亡率较B组低。结论:限制性液体复苏可降低对失血性休克患者的病死率,提高抢救成功率。     

嘉兴市2009-2012年居民死因监测分析

目的分析嘉兴市居民疾病死亡率和寿命损失情况,了解死因构成及变化趋势。方法通过浙江省慢性病监测信息管理系统死亡监测网络直报2009--2012年居民死亡数据,依据国际疾病分类ICD-10进行分类;采用死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿损失年数（PYLL）、平均减寿年数（AYLL）、减寿率（PYLL‰）等指标分析。结果嘉兴市居民全死因平均粗死亡率为692．77／10万;其中男性为761．51／10万;女性为625．42／10万,男性高于女性;死亡率在逐年上升。居民前5位死因为肿瘤、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、损伤和中毒,占全死因的85．71％;其中肿瘤死亡占前5位死因31．09％,男性高于女性,死亡率呈上升趋势;肿瘤造成潜在寿命损失最大,达35378．75年;平均减寿年数最高的是损伤和中毒,达40．71年。结论肿瘤等慢性病及机动车辆交通事故是影响居民健康的主要死因,应重点防控。     

外周血免疫细胞亚群和血清瘦素在合并代谢综合征的不稳定型心绞痛患者中的临床意义

目的探讨合并代谢综合征(MS)的不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者外周血免疫细胞亚群和血清瘦素水平的临床意义。方法 UA患者112例,其中合并代谢综合征组(观察组)患者59例和无代谢综合征组(对照组)患者53例,采用流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD_3⁺、CD_4+、CD_4⁺、CD_8+、CD_8⁺、CD_4+、CD_4⁺/CD_8+/CD_8⁺)及NK细胞的水平;应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清瘦素(LEP)水平。比较2组患者的主要心脏事件发生情况和病死率,分析代谢综合征对UA患者预后的影响。结果观察组CD_3+)及NK细胞的水平;应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清瘦素(LEP)水平。比较2组患者的主要心脏事件发生情况和病死率,分析代谢综合征对UA患者预后的影响。结果观察组CD_3⁺、CD_4+、CD_4⁺、CD_8+、CD_8⁺及NK细胞水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),CD_4+及NK细胞水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),CD_4⁺/CD_8+/CD_8⁺水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),LEP水平高于对照组(P<0.05);再发心绞痛比例高于对照组(33.9%vs.17.0%,P<0.05),心源性病死率亦高于对照组(27.1%vs.11.3%,P<0.05)。结论合并代谢综合征的不稳定型心绞痛患者免疫调节功能受损较重,血清瘦素水平较高,这可能是导致心绞痛发作频率和心源性病死率升高的重要原因。