肾小球轻微病变型肾病综合征并发特发性急性肾衰临床分析

目的 :探讨肾小球轻微病变 NS并发 IARF的病理特征、治疗效果及预后。方法 :回顾性分析 12例肾小球轻微病变 NS并发 IARF患者的临床特征、病理结果、治疗及预后情况。结果 :本组 12例病理示肾小球病变轻微 ,肾小管间质病变较广泛。 10例肾功能恢复正常、2例好转 ,肾衰恢复或好转的平均时间为 2 2 .4± 15.3d;8例 NS缓解 ,时间为 4 0 .5± 2 0 .7d。结论 :肾小球轻微病变 NS并发 IARF可能为肾小管间质的亚致死性损伤所致 ,兼顾 PNS和 ARF两个环节的治疗 ,预后良好。     

Prospective feasibility study of a mindfulness-based program for breast cancer patients in the southeastern US

BackgroundMindfulness interventions can improve psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. Few mindfulness programs for cancer recovery exist in Southeastern U.S. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for breast cancer patients in Birmingham, Alabama. The secondary objective was to explore potential program effects on mindfulness skills and QoL.MethodsThis study was a prospective, quasi-experimental feasibility study conducted over 10 months at a university hospital. Feasibility was achieved if 80% of eligible patients screened enrolled in the study and 70% of enrolled patients attended all 8 program sessions. Effectiveness was estimated by changes in mindfulness and QoL indicators measured with validated scales administered at 3 time points and assessed with a non-parametric Friedman test. Sessions included meditation, yoga, and an attention practice called body scan. There were 3 groups of 2–5 patients.ResultsThe sample totaled 12 patients. Forty-four percent (12/27) of eligible patients enrolled in the study, and two out of 12 enrolled patients completed 8 program sessions, resulting in 16.7% (2/12) retention. However, more than half (66.7%) of participants completed at least 7 sessions. Between baseline and 8-week follow-up, patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in distress, general wellbeing, and fatigue-related QoL.ConclusionsFeasibility objectives were not achieved. However, a majority of participants (66.7%) completed 7 of 8 program sessions. Program effects were promising for distress, fatigue, and wellbeing. Results warrant further research on MBSR-like programs for breast cancer patients in Alabama.     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病微量残留病检测的临床研究

目的　探讨小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)微量残留病 (MRD)检测的临床意义 ,进一步了解ALL复发与缓解的生物学特点。方法　分析近 10年来有MRD检测资料的 77例初治ALL ,对其中 4 4例进行动态追踪检测MRD。主要采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)方法 ,以免疫球蛋白重链和T细胞受体δ基因重排作为肿瘤标志。结果　初治标本PCR检测MRD阳性者和阴性者的复发率差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。化疗 3个月时PCR检测转阴的病例复发率明显低于未转阴的病例 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且与临床分型无明显相关性。结论　MRD的动态检测可以作为小儿ALL判断预后的独立因素。PCR法动态监测MRD ,有助于完善白血病分型、判断预后和指导治疗。     

101株阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性分析

目的：调查分析阴沟肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法：对四川大学华西医院2001年4月－2002年11月从临床分离的101株阴沟肠杆菌采用琼脂平皿对倍稀释法测定12种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），分析耐药情况。结果：阴沟肠杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛的耐药率高达99.00%、87.13%，对第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类的耐药率高于50％，对关孢哌酮／舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星的耐药率低于40％，亚胺培南对90％以上的分离株具有抗菌活性。氟喹诺酮类药物的交叉耐药严重。结论：阴沟肠杆菌耐药水平高，多重耐药现象普遍存在。亚胺培南对其抗菌活性最强。     

Design and test of a vascular access device

Transarterial left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), such as the Hemopump, IABP, and PUCA-pump, are meant to be introduced into the body via the femoral or axillary artery without major surgery. For certain applications, introduction is performed directly into the aorta via an open thorax procedure. A prototype of a vascular access device has been realized that allows direct access into the aorta as an alternative for the common surgical graft anastomosis suturing technique. The device consists of a metal tube acting as a circular knife to cut a hole in the aortic wall, a screw to store the removed part of the aortic wall, and a plastic tube that is introduced through the hole and tightly connected to the aortic wall. The device could be placed without aortic clamping. The device has been tested on a slaughterhouse porcine aorta. A low-pressurized aorta appeared to be the worst case; thus, two animal experiments in the low-pressurized pulmonary artery were performed. No leakage occurred for pressures between 40 and 300 mm Hg.     

急性白血病WT1基因的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨WT 1基因表达水平与急性白血病 (AL)预后的关系及在微小残留病 (MRD )检测中的意义。方法　采用荧光定量RT PCR法 (FQ RT PCR ) ,测定 40例不同类型及处于不同疾病阶段 (2 6例初治、5例复发、9例CR >3年 )的AL患者WT1基因的表达。结果　对照组WT1基因均为阴性。 40例AL患者中有 2 6例WT 1基因表达阳性 ,阳性组与阴性组CR率分别为 3 4.6%和 78.5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。其中初治、复发与CR >3年的患者 ,WT 1阳性基因拷贝数的平均值分别为 4.14× 10 3 拷贝 /ml、8.5 8× 10 3 拷贝 /ml和 7.87× 10 1拷贝 /ml。CR后WT 1基因表达水平明显下降 ,复发后又显著升高。结论　FQ RT PCR实验方法客观准确 ,WT1基因的表达水平与AL患者的化疗效果及预后密切相关 ,可以作为检测MRD的标志     

硝酸益康唑对葡萄球菌体外抗菌活性的研究

目的为了解和评价硝酸益康唑在体外对葡萄球菌的抗菌活性和效果,以及其与6种临床常用抗菌药物对葡萄球菌抗菌活性的比较。方法从湿疹和特应性皮炎患者皮损处分离的257株葡萄球菌,采用肉汤稀释法对硝酸益康唑、新霉素、青霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星和头孢噻肟进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA),益康唑与新霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟MIC50值相近;对MRSA,益康唑MIC50明显低于其他6种抗菌药物;对甲氧西林敏感的表皮葡萄球菌(MSSE)MIC50与青霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星相同,低于新霉素、红霉素、头孢噻肟;对MRSE,益康唑的MIC50与青霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星接近,低于头孢噻肟和红霉素。益康唑的MIC50和MIC90值相近。结论益康唑对葡萄球菌有明显的抗菌效果,益康唑的MIC50与MIC90值相近,目前未明显出现葡萄球菌对益康唑的耐药现象。     

PCR检测降钙素基因高甲基化在白血病微小残留病灶诊断中的价值

为探讨甲基化分析在白血病微小残留病灶（MRD）中的价值，用酶切加PCR技术研究31的初诊期急性髓细胞白血病（AML），14例对照者以及在18个月中动态观察5例AML治疗前后降钙素（CT）基因高甲基化的变化。31N初诊期AML中25例，14例对照者中的0呈现CT基因高甲基化（P＜0．01）。动态观察的5例AML，全部初诊期及完全缓解时的4例呈现CT基因高甲基化，其中3例分别于完全缓解后3个月、5个月、6个月复发。完全缓解和CT基因高甲基化阳性1例及阴性1例未复发。提示该方法有助于检测AML的MRD。     

一种简便快捷的微小病变基因变异分析方法的建立

目的建立一种简便快捷的微小病变和微量细胞基因变异的检测分析方法。方法HE染色病理诊断后,在立体显微镜或生物显微镜下对病理诊断组织细胞进行显微解剖,直接回收组织细胞,进行DNA模板抽提,以目的基因为引物,进行PCR-SSCP分析。结果1例胆石症病例,显微解剖结合PCR-SSCP法成功获得了K-ras和P53基因产物,并且检测到在过度增生胆囊上皮细胞有K-ras基因变异。结论显微解剖结合PCR-SSCP法取材少、病变部位确定,省时、省力,是分子病理研究的可靠手段。