正常青少年膝关节软骨的低场MRI表现

目的：探讨正常青少年膝关节软骨的MRI表现。方法：使用GE 0．2T低场磁共振成像机，采用膝关节线圈，对膝关节行矢状面扫描，应用序列为梯度回波序列T2WI、自旋回波T1WI、自旋回波T2WI、脂肪抑制序列、质子密度序列。翻转角200。扫描野16cm。层厚4mm，间隔1mm。结果：膝关节矢状位MRI梯度回波序列T2WI。和质子密度序列中，股骨髁与胫骨平台的骺软骨MRI能显示出3层不同的信号强度。结论：MRI能准确地显示膝关节软骨的层次结构，为临床诊断膝关节疾病提供参考依据。     

胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内翻伴膝外摆步态的疗效与不足

[目的]探讨外侧闭合胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内翻伴膝外摆步态患者的临床效果及相关的影响因素。[方法]随访2000~2004年因膝内翻伴膝外摆步态于本院行胫骨高位截骨手术的患者19例,年龄47~54岁,随访时间6个月~4 a。术前及术后X线片测量股骨-胫骨角、胫骨平台后倾角和腓骨小头高度,HSS膝关节功能评分,关节后外侧稳定性测试,术后患者以五点问卷法评价术后关节稳定性的改善情况。[结果]股骨-胫骨角术前184.5°~197°,术后167°~176°;腓骨小头高度术前7.73~18.5 mm,术后-3.5~10.7 mm;胫骨后倾角术前2°~17°,术后-4°~13°;HSS评分术前48~68分,术后60~91分(P=0.00)。后外侧的稳定性测量术前Ⅰ度损伤16例,Ⅱ度损伤3例。术后Ⅰ度损伤9例,Ⅱ度损伤10例(P<0.05)。术后患者关节稳定性的问卷4例明显提高,9例有提高,6例与术前相同。[结论]外侧闭合胫骨高位截骨治疗膝内翻合并膝外摆的近期效果良好,远期效果可能受到膝外摆步态、胫骨后倾角和腓骨小头高度改变的影响。     

Femoroacetabular impingement in 45 professional athletes: associated pathologies and return to sport following arthroscopic decompression

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) occurs when an osseous abnormality of the proximal femur (cam) or acetabulum (pincer) triggers damage to the acetabular labrum and articular cartilage in the hip. Although the precise etiology of FAI is not well understood, both types of FAI are common in athletes presenting with hip pain, loss of range-of-motion, and disability in athletics. An open surgical approach to decompressing FAI has shown good clinical outcomes; however, this highly invasive approach inherently may delay or preclude a high level athlete’s return to play. The purpose of this study was to define associated pathologies and determine if an arthroscopic approach to treating FAI can allow professional athletes to return to high-level sport. Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI allows professional athletes to return to professional sport. Between October 2000 and September 2005, 45 professional athletes underwent hip arthroscopy for the decompression of FAI. Operative and return-to-play data were obtained from patient records. Average time to follow-up was 1.6 years (range: 6 months to 5.5 years). Forty two (93%) athletes returned to professional competition following arthroscopic decompression of FAI. Three athletes did not return to play; however, all had diffuse osteoarthritis at the time of arthroscopy. Thirty-five athletes (78%) remain active in professional sport at an average follow-up of 1.6 years. Arthroscopic treatment of FAI allows professional athletes to return to professional sport.     

膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的关节镜治疗

目的探讨采用关节镜技术治疗膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床效果。方法1999年1月～2001年12月,对32例膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎,在常规关节镜入路的基础上,结合膝关节后内侧、后外侧和跨后纵隔入路,进行滑膜全切。手术时强调对膝关节后内侧室和后外侧室病变滑膜的彻底切除,同时通过辅助切口切除关节外病变组织。术后进行系统的康复训练。通过13～47个月的随访,了解患膝疼痛、肿胀、活动度以及患肢整体功能康复情况。结果术后1年,2例有轻微疼痛,1例有轻度肿胀,均无关节积液;膝关节活动度平均为143°±5.1°。最后随访时,23例行MR检查,1例在内侧半月板后角底面与胫骨平台之间的憩室内发现复发,影像学复发率为4.35%(1/23),但患者无主观症状;其余患者在MRI上无复发现象。术前国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分为(63.4±5.1)分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(35.6±4.7)分。最后随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(87.9±4.9)分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(86.3±5.6)分。3例患者因前十字韧带功能不全,于滑膜切除术后3～5个月进行了前十字韧带重建术。结论通过关节镜能够完成膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的滑膜彻底切除,有助于滑膜炎的治疗。关节镜手术创伤小,     

膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振表现

目的进一步认识膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法回顾分析50例膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI资料,所有病例均经关节镜手术证实。采用永磁型MRI机,场强0.2T。结果50例半月板撕裂中,按照部位分类,半月板撕裂位于内侧半月板前角2例,内侧后角37例,外侧半月板前角5例,外侧后角3例,同时累及半月板前角、体部和后角者内侧2例,外侧1例。按照半月板撕裂的形式分为:水平撕裂8例;垂直撕裂4例;斜形撕裂26例;纵形撕裂3例;放射状撕裂4例;桶柄状撕裂2例;复杂撕裂3例。结论MRI能够清楚显示膝关节半月板撕裂的部位和形式,为临床治疗提供可靠的依据,是目前诊断半月板撕裂的最好的影像学检查方法。     

关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复膝关节半月板损伤106例疗效观察

目的:观察总结关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复损伤半月板的术后疗效及术后并发症。对象与方法:采用镜下可吸收半月板箭复位固定法,对106例患者的108个损伤半月板进行修复。通过症状、体征、Tegner和Lysholm评分对半月板缝合修复的临床效果及术后并发症进行了观察,对术后有明显症状、体征的患者进行了关节镜探查。结果:术后随访106例、1~9·5年(平均26±12·3个月)。Tegner评分术后(7·65±2·54)较术前(3·55±1·59)有显著性差异(P<0·001)。Lysholm评分术后(88·55±25·64)较术前(35·46±14·62)有显著性差异(P<0·001)。疗效优61只半月板,占56·5%;良35只半月板,占32·4%;可8只半月板,占7·4%;差4只半月板,占3·7%。总优良率为88·9%。对术后有症状和体征的14例患者进行关节镜再探查,发现4例未愈合,5例部分愈合。术后并发症包括半月板箭固定处的后关节囊刺痛5例。无严重的血管神经损伤,106例患者术后并发症总发生率4·72%。结论:关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复半月板损伤手术成功率较高,术中和术后风险较小。     

Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Proprioception plays an integral role in neuromotor control of the knee joint and deficits in knee joint proprioception are well documented in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the functional relevance of these deficits is not clear. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between knee joint proprioception and pain and disability in a large cohort of individuals with knee OA. Two hundred and twenty participants (145 F, 75 M) with symptomatic knee OA were recruited from the community. Five non-weight bearing active tests with ipsilateral limb matching responses were performed at 20 degrees and 40 degrees flexion to measure knee joint position sense. Pain and disability were assessed by self-reported questionnaires and objective measures of balance and gait. Results showed little association between knee joint position sense variables and measures of pain and disability (r values <0.24, most p>0.05). When comparing participants with the worst and best joint position sense, no significant differences in pain and disability could be found (p>0.05). While our study design does not allow causality to be established, these results suggest that deficits in joint position sense may be due to factors other than pain and that deficits are not large enough to impact upon disability.     

局限性结节性滑膜炎1例

患者,女,20岁,因右膝痛伴外侧肿物6年余,加重1个月入院。6年前,患者始觉右膝疼痛,时痛时止,曾在本地市人民医院检查诊为“生长痛”,未予处理。2个月后发现右膝外侧有一肿物约0.5cm×1cm×0.8cm,时有时无,疼痛无规律性,与天气变化无关,口服止痛药物效不显。1个月前,疼痛突然加重     

关节镜下运用4股腘绳肌腱同期重建前后交叉韧带损伤

目的 关节镜下运用Intrafix和可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱，同期重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）、后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament，PCL），评估其疗效。方法 ACL、PCL同时损伤的患者16例，关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为重建移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉固定移植物股骨端，Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定胫骨端，同期行ACL和PCL损伤重建术。7例行内侧副韧带修补，4例行外侧副韧带复合结构修复，2例行内外侧同时修复。所有患者按照国际膝关节评分委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee，IKDC）评分标准进行术前评估，均为D级。术前Lysholm评分为（36．5±3．7）分。结果 随访时间为12～18个月，平均14．6个月。终末随访时，IKDC总体评价：A级6例（38％），B级9例（56％），C级1例（6％），无D级患者。Lachman试验0～2mm8例；3～5mm6例；6～10mm2例（P〈0．05）。屈70°前后总位移0～2mm10例；3～5mm5例；6～10mm1例（P〈0．05）。屈70°后位移0～2mm12例；3～5mm4例（P〈0．05）。术后2个月Lysholm功能评分为（90．4±2．9）分，终末随访时为（93．4±3．5）分，与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉、Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定股骨胫骨端同期重建ACL和PCL损伤，有利于早期积极的功能康复，膝关节功能恢复满意。