A High-Fat Diet Differentially Affects the Gut Metabolism and Blood Lipids of Rats Depending on the Type of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate

The aim of this model study was to investigate how selected gut functions and serum lipid profile in rats on high-fat diets differed according to the type of fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and carbohydrate (simple vs. complex). The experiment was conducted using 32 male Wistar rats distributed into 4 groups of 8 animals each. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed group-specific diets that were either rich in lard or soybean oil (16% of the diet) as the source of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, respectively; further, each lard- and soybean oil-rich diet contained either fructose or corn starch (45.3% of the diet) as the source of simple or complex carbohydrates, respectively. Both dietary factors contributed to changes in the caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, especially to the butyrate concentration, which was higher in rats fed lard- and corn starch-rich diets compared to soybean oil- and fructose-rich diets, respectively. The lowest butyrate concentration was observed in rats fed the soybean oil- and fructose-rich diet. On the other hand, the lard- and fructose-rich diet vs. the other dietary combinations significantly increased serum total cholesterol concentration, to more than two times serum triglyceride concentration and to more than five times the atherogenic index. In conclusion, a high-fat diet rich in fructose can unfavorably affect gut metabolism when unsaturated fats are predominant in the diet or the blood lipids when a diet is rich in saturated fats.     

The Influence of Early Life Nutrition on Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of the Immune System

The immune system is exquisitely sensitive to environmental changes. Diet constitutes one of the major environmental factors that exerts a profound effect on immune system development and function. Epigenetics is the study of mitotically heritable, yet potentially reversible, molecular modifications to DNA and chromatin without alteration to the underlying DNA sequence. Nutriepigenomics is an emerging discipline examining the role of dietary influences on gene expression. There is increasing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression during immune differentiation are directly affected by dietary factors or indirectly through modifications in gut microbiota induced by different dietary habits. Short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate, produced by selected bacteria stains within gut microbiota, are crucial players in this network.     

RP-HPLC法检查丁酸氯维地平原料药中的有关物质

目的:建立检查丁酸氯维地平原料药中有关物质含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Waters Symmetry ShieldTM,流动相为磷酸二氢钠水溶液与乙腈,采用梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 ml/min,检测波长为220 nm,进样量为20μl,柱温为35℃。分别采用不加及加校正因子的主成分自身对照法计算3批样品中6种及1种已知杂质(杂质B、C、D、E、F、G及H)的量。结果:7种杂质在各自的检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r为0.997¹.000);回收率为94.96%1.000);回收率为94.96%⁹7.79%(RSD小于4.7%,n=3);丁酸氯维地平检测限为5 ng,杂质B97.79%(RSD小于4.7%,n=3);丁酸氯维地平检测限为5 ng,杂质B^H的定量限依次为4、4、8、8、4、8、8 ng;3批样品中均未检出杂质B、C、D,总杂质量小于0.12%。结论:建立的方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于丁酸氯维地平原料药中有关物质的检查。     

HPLC法测定派瑞松乳膏中曲安奈德和硝酸益康唑的含量

目的 HPLC法测定派瑞松乳膏中曲安奈德和硝酸益康唑的含量。方法色谱柱为Dionex C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为质量分数为0.5%的三乙铵溶液(乙酸调节pH为3.0)(A)-乙腈(B),线性梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为235 nm。结果曲安奈德和硝酸益康唑在13.57⁴2.28 mg·L-1和131.342.28 mg·L-1和131.3⁴25.4 mg·L-1内,两者峰面积线性良好,R分别为0.999 8和0.999 0。平均回收率分别为99.8%和100.4%,RSD分别为0.99%和0.86%(n=9)。结论 HPLC法可用于派瑞松乳膏中曲安奈德和硝酸益康唑的含量测定。     

氟芬那酸丁酯软膏治疗慢性湿疹40例观察

目的:观察非甾体类药物氟芬那酸丁酯软膏治疗慢性湿疹的疗效和安全性。方法:将80例慢性湿疹患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组外用氟芬那酸丁酯软膏,对照组外用激素类的曲咪新乳膏,每日2次外用于患处,疗程4周。治疗结束后评价有效率及不良反应。结果:治疗组有效率62.50%,对照组有效率67.50%,2组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论:氟芬那酸丁酯软膏治疗慢性湿疹疗效与曲咪新乳膏相近,不良反应小,值得推广。     

HPLC法测定林可霉素维B6乳膏中维生素B6的含量

目的用高效液相色谱法测定林可霉素维B6乳膏中维生素B6的含量。方法色谱柱以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以0．04％戊烷磺酸钠溶液（用冰醋酸调节pH值至3．0）-甲醇（85：15）为流动相;检测波长为291nm;进样量：20uL。结果维生素B6在2．51～25．10ug／mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0．9998;平均回收率为99．7％,RSD为0．9％（n=9）。结论本法操作简便,灵敏,准确,专属性强,可用于林可霉素维B6乳膏中维生素B6的含量测定。     

慢加急性肝衰竭小鼠肝组织组蛋白去乙酰化酶mRNA水平变化

目的 探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC) 抑制剂干预慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)小鼠肝组织组蛋白去乙酰化酶mRNA水平变化。方法 随机将小鼠分为7组,每组4只。A组为对照组,B组为模型组,C组为曲古抑菌素 A(TSA)处理组,D组为大剂量正丁酸钠处理组,E组为小剂量正丁酸钠处理组,F组为大剂量吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸(PDTC)处理组,G组为小剂量PDTC处理组,采用脂多糖联合D-Gal诱导小鼠肝衰竭模型。采用Q-PCR法检测小鼠肝组织Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类HDAC mRNA水平。结果 B组肝组织HDAC1mRNA、HDAC2mRNA、HDAC3mRNA和HDAC8mRNA水平分别为(1.7±0.2)、(1.7±0.3)、(1.9±0.6)和(2.6±0.7),而C组、D组、E组、F组和G组均显著降低(P<0.05);B组肝组织HDAC4mRNA、HDAC5mRNA、HDAC6mRNA、HDAC7mRNA、HDAC9mRNA和HDAC10mRNA水平分别为(0.6±0.2)、(6.3±0.9)、(3.4±0.8)、(2.8±1.0)、(6.5±1.1)和(0.4±0.1),而C组、D组、E组、F组和G组均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 HDAC mRNA水平可能与机体乙酰化作用相关,可为应用组蛋白乙酰化调控治疗肝衰竭小鼠提供重要的理论依据。     

正交试验设计法优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方

目的优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方。方法采用预试验法确定乳化剂,采用正交试验设计法筛选基质处方,以单硬脂酸甘油酯、白凡士林、甘油、液体石蜡为考察因素,以乳膏的外观性状和稳定性为评价指标,以综合打分的方式确定乳膏的最佳基质处方并进行验证试验。结果复方利多卡因乳膏的最佳基质处方为1000g乳膏中含硬脂酸100g,三乙醇胺20g,单硬脂酸甘油酯50g,自凡士林50g,甘油80g,液体石蜡80g,验证试验综合得分均〉95分,考察指标结果达到要求。结论优选的复方利多卡因乳膏基质处方合理,制剂成品质量稳定。     

复方利多卡因乳膏用于脑动脉瘤夹闭术麻醉预防心血管应激反应研究

目的观察复方利多卡因乳膏用于脑动脉瘤夹闭术全麻插管患者,旨在评价对抑制气管导管刺激引起的心血管应激反应的效果。方法选择40例急、慢诊脑动脉瘤夹闭术患者,ASA为Ⅱ~Ⅳ级,拟施全麻气管插管行动脉瘤夹闭术,并随机分为两组,每组20例。对照组(I组),不使用复方利多卡因乳膏涂抹气管导管,实验组(II组),将复方利多卡因乳膏均匀涂抹气管导管套囊及前端,麻醉诱导后行气管内插管。分别记录患者在麻醉前、插管前、插管时、变动体位、抬头消毒和拔管时平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果插管时与插管前,I组患者明显出现一过性MAP升高和HR增快。而II组插管刺激反应弱于I组。组间与同时刻比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在变动体位和抬头消毒时与插管前I组仍出现MAP升高和HR增快现象。而II组却无明显变化,组间与同时刻比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在拔管时与插管前,I组患者明显出现MAP升高和HR增快现象,而II组却弱于I组,组间与同时刻比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将复方利多卡因乳膏均匀涂抹气管导管用于脑动脉瘤夹闭术全麻插管患者,可以有效抑制气管导管刺激引起的心血管应激反应。     

CO_2激光去痣术后创面外用复方多粘菌素B软膏的疗效观察

目的:观察复方多粘菌素B软膏应用于CO2激光去痣术后创面的疗效。方法:选择笔者科室就诊的111名采用CO2激光治疗色素痣的患者,随机分为两组。治疗组外用复方多粘菌素B软膏,每日2次;对照组外用红霉素眼膏,每日2次,疗程为1周,随访3个月。结果:治疗组术后疼痛、创面感染发生率明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组术后瘢痕、色素残留发生率明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CO2激光去痣术后应用复方多粘菌素B软膏疗效肯定、安全。