我国4省、自治区细粒棘球绦虫DNA限制性片段长度多态性分析

运用 DNA探针pHD5、pEG18、pSM889 结合 Southern blot 杂交技术对采自我国新疆、青海、甘肃和宁夏等地的羊源细粒棘球蚴与采自青海、甘肃的牦牛源细粒棘球蚴进行了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。结果表明我国这些省、自治区采集的羊源细粒棘球蚴彼此之间未见有明显而稳定的杂交条带差异,属于同一虫株。青海和甘肃两省牦牛源细粒棘球蚴彼此之间也未见明显而稳定杂交条带差异,据杂交图谱判断似与羊源细粒棘球蚴属同一虫株。     

智力障碍儿童的亚端粒拷贝数变异检测

目的应用多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)检测亚端粒拷贝数变异,探讨遗传性智力障碍(ID)的发病机制。方法收集68例G-显带染色体核型分析结果正常的ID患儿,通过MLPA P036筛查亚端粒拷贝数变异。结果 68例患儿中检出亚端粒拷贝数异常者7例(10%),均为缺失突变,其中1例患儿涉及2个亚端粒的缺失变异,另1例患儿涉及4个亚端粒的缺失变异。结论亚端粒拷贝数变异是遗传性ID的重要病因;MLPA可作为研究遗传性ID患儿发病机制的经济、有效的方法。     

A Novel Micro-Displacement Sensor Based on Double Optical Fiber Probes Made through Photopolymer Materials

In this paper, a novel micro-displacement sensor with double optical fiber probes is proposed and designed, which can realize the highly sensitive sensing of longitudinal or lateral micro-displacements. The optical fiber probes are made through photopolymer formulation, and the effects of reaction time and optical power on the growth length of the probe are illustrated. The relationship between light intensity and longitudinal micro-displacement is a power function in the range of 0–100 μm at room temperature with a correlation coefficient of 98.92%. For lateral micro-displacement, the sensitivity is −2.9697 dBm/μm in the range of 0–6 μm with a linear fit of 99.61%. In addition, the linear correlation coefficient decreases as the initial longitudinal distance increases, and the function of these correlation coefficients is also linear with a linearity of 96.14%. This sensor has a simple manufacturing process, low cost, high sensitivity, and fast response speed. It is suitable for harsh environments such as strong electromagnetic interference and corrosivity, and has a broad application prospect in the field of micro-displacement sensing.     

经皮肾镜双导管碎石清石术与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效比较

目的：探讨经皮肾镜双导管碎石清石术与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2011-03～2012-10该院采用经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗61例复杂性肾结石患者的资料。按采用的碎石器械不同分为Cyberwand 双导管碎石清石组（ Cyberwand 组,31例）和钬激光碎石取石组（钬激光组,30例）。结果所有患者在B超引导下均成功建立经皮肾穿刺通道,并行一期碎石清石或碎石取石术。 Cyberwand 组：手术时间（78±25）min,出血量（67±20）ml,用水量（19000±3000）ml,结石取尽率87.1％,并发症发生率9.7％;钬激光组：手术时间（110±32）min,出血量（95±28）ml,用水量（24000±4000）ml,结石取尽率90.0％,并发症发生率10.0％。 Cyberwand组和钬激光组在手术时间、出血量、用水量比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在结石取净率、并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论经皮肾镜双导管碎石清石术与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石均安全、有效,但美国Cyberwand双导管碎石清石系统可以减少菌血症或败血症的发生,具有明显的优势,值得临床推广应用。     

光磁双模态探针钆-[4,7-双-羧甲基-10-(2-荧光素硫脲乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1-基]-乙酸络合物合成方法的改进

目的:改进光磁双模态分子探针钆-[4,7-双-羧甲基-10-(2-荧光素硫脲乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1-基]-乙酸络合物(Gd-DO3A-EA-FITC)的合成及纯化方法。方法:1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(DOTA)经过取代反应、水解反应、偶联反应、与金属络合反应,合成Gd-DO3A-EA-FITC。结果:改进了Gd-DO3A-EA-FITC的合成路线,分别通过取代反应、水解反应、偶联反应、络合反应得到了光磁双模态分子探针,该反应总收率为34.6%,与原路线(18.0%)相比,总收率增加,各化合物通过核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱和质谱分析法鉴定后结果正确。改进后的路线避免了取代反应不易控制的缺点,且在纯化分离方面,将载样量少、成本高的制备型高效液相色谱纯化改进为载样量多、简便易操作的柱色谱。结论:改进后的路线改善了反应条件的可控性,并且使化合物纯化分离过程变得更加简易,同时使总收率明显提升。光磁双模态探针可同时将活体磁共振成像与离体光学成像相结合,实现光磁双重同步检测,使二者的检测结果相互验证。可将光磁双模态分子探针应用于脑结构及其功能相关研究,并且经静脉途径给药后可以对脑肿瘤进行研究,因此在脑肿瘤和脑血管相关疾病的药物治疗中能够发挥重要的作用。     

Catalysis-based specific detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application

Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in controlling the formation of melanin in melanosome, and plays a key role in the pigmentation of hair and skin. The abnormal expression or activation of tyrosinase is associated with several diseases such as albinism, vitiligo, melanoma and Parkinson disease. Excessive deposition of melanin could cause diseases such as freckles and brown spots in the human body, and it is also closely related to browning of fruits and vegetables and insect molting. Detecting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase is of extraordinary value in the progress of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, many selective optical detection probes and small molecular inhibitors have been developed, and have made significant contributions to the basic and clinical research on these diseases. In this paper, the detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application in whitening products are reviewed, with special emphasis on development of fluorescent probes and inhibitors. Hopefully, this review will help design more efficient and sensitive tyrosinase probes and inhibitors, as well as shed light on novel treatment of diseases such as melanoma.     

Atomic layout of an orthodontic titanium mini-implant in human tissue: Insights into the possible mechanisms during osseointegration

Objectives:To evaluate nanoscale molecular interactions in the interface between human bone and orthodontic titanium implants.Materials and Methods:An orthodontic implant (sandblasted with large grit and with an acid-etched surface treated with Ti6A14V alloy) retrieved from the mandible of human after 2 months of healing was used to analyze the molecular interactive mechanism between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue. To preserve the natural state of the sample as much as possible, cryofixation and scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam milling without any chemical treatment were used during sample preparation. Atom probe tomography was used to investigate the chemical composition and structure at the interface between the implant and human bone tissue.Results:Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the whole sample revealed a 20 × 50-nm² plate-like bony element diffusion layer in the sample. The iso concentration analysis of the diffusion layer indicated that the bony element, calcium, and the implant element, titanium oxide, were interspersed with each other. Detailed ionic distribution was illustrated by 3D reconstruction with partial region of interest and one-dimensional concentration profiles of the implant-bone interface.Conclusions:The study results advance nanoscale understanding of osseointegration and suggest a potential nanostructure for increasing bond strength of biomaterials to bone.