基层医院使用国产造影剂做静脉肾盂造影时毒副反应控制对策

目的:为了减少基层医院使用国产造影剂做IVP检查时毒副反应的发生。方法:对57例行IVP检查的患者进行认真细致的毒副反应发生情况的观察。结果:只要操作者思想上重视、技术上熟练,毒副反应将得以有效控制。结论:基层医院完全没有必要因担心毒副作用的发生而放弃IVP检查技术。     

What is the Level of Evidence Substantiating Commercial Payers’ Coverage Policies for Total Joint Arthroplasty?

BackgroundThe prevalence of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the United States has drawn the attention of health care stakeholders. The payers have also used a variety of strategies to regulate the medical necessity of these procedures. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of evidence of the coverage policies being used by commercial payers in the United States.MethodsThe references of the coverage policies of four commercial insurance companies were reviewed for type of document, level of evidence, applicability to a TJA population, and success of nonoperative treatment in patients with severe degenerative joint disease.Results282 documents were reviewed. 45.8% were primary journal articles, 14.2% were level I or II, 41.2% were applicable to patients who were candidates for TJA, and 9.9% discussed the success of nonoperative treatment in patients who would be candidates for TJA.ConclusionMost of the references cited by commercial payers are of a lower level of scientific evidence and not applicable to patients considered to be candidates for TJA. This is relatively uniform across the reviewed payers. The dearth of high-quality literature cited by commercial payers reflects the lack of evidence and difficulty in conducting high level studies on the outcomes of nonoperative versus operative treatment for patients with severe, symptomatic osteoarthritis. Patients, surgeons, and payers would all benefit from such studies and we encourage professional societies to strive toward that end through multicenter collaboration.     

Impacto del nivel socioeconómico sobre el perfil del paciente amputado de miembro inferior por causa no traumática

IntroductionTo analyse the influence of socioeconomic status on the clinical profile of patients undergoing non-traumatic lower-limb amputation.MethodsRetrospective study of 697 lower-limb amputee patients in an Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department during a 5-year period. Patients were classified according to their socioeconomic status (low, medium and high). We analysed demographic (age and gender) and clinical variables (cause of amputation, comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors and amputation level).ResultsMean age was 70.5 ± 11.9 years, and the median was 72 years. The low socioeconomic status group presented a higher frequency of amputations in men. Cardiovascular risks factors were more frequent in this socioeconomic group, and the difference was statistically significant for diabetes (85.8% low, 69.3% medium, 65% high; P<.01) and obesity (31.4% low, 22.6% medium, 12.5% high, P<.01). Diabetic retinopathy was the only comorbidity with a significant association with low socioeconomic status (21.1% low, 15.3% medium, 12.5% high, P<.03). Regarding the cause for amputation, there was no difference in terms of socioeconomic status. The low socioeconomic level showed a higher frequency of major amputation, which was a significant difference (63.6% low, 41.2% medium, 55% high, P<.04) and a higher predisposition for this amputation level.ConclusionsThe low socioeconomic status has been shown to determine an unfavourable vascular risk profile in lower-limb non-traumatic amputees and a higher predisposition of a major amputation. This socioeconomic level demonstrates a negative influence on these patients’ diabetes, obesity and diabetic retinopathy.     

术前纤维蛋白原水平对肝细胞癌微血管侵犯及预后的影响

目的 探讨术前血清纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,FIB）水平与肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）微血管侵犯（microvascular invasion,MVI）的关系及FIB对根治切除术后HCC预后的影响。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院2015年1月至2019年4月行根治性肝切除手术的566例HCC患者的临床数据。通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）分析FIB预测MVI的能力,并确定FIB预测MVI的最佳临界值;依据该临界值分为低FIB组和高FIB组,采用χ2 检验分析FIB与临床病理因素之间的关系;采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Log-rank法进行差异性检验,单因素、多因素Cox回归分析法评价HCC预后的影响因素。结果 术前FIB预测MVI的最佳临界值为2.7 g/L。根据临界值分组,高FIB组（FIB＞2.7 g/L）MVI阳性率高于低FIB组（FIB≤2.7 g/L）[64.0%（183/283）vs 47.0%（133/283）,P＜0.01],高FIB组无复发生存率（recurrence-free survival,RFS）低于低FIB组（两组1、2、3年RFS分别为68.6%、47.0%、35.4%,以及71.5%、60.0%、48.3%,P＜0.05）,但两组总体生存率（overall survival,OS）差异无统计学意义（P=0.14）。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析显示FIB是HCC的RFS危险因素（HR=1.37,95%CI 1.07～1.75,P=0.011）,MVI是影响HCC者预后的独立危险因素（HR=6.65,95%CI 2.78～15.87,P＜0.001）。结论 本研究显示,术前纤维蛋白原水平与微血管侵犯呈正相关,与肝细胞癌根治性切除术后无复发生存率呈负相关。     

当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对白细胞介素(IL)-1β、基质金属酶(MMP)-3和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者140例,随机分为两组各70例。对照组给予中药热敷治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予当归通痹汤,对比两组治疗后的临床疗效、VAS评分、WOMAC指数和ADL评分,以及IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平。结果:治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的81.43%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组ADL评分明显升高,WOMAC指数、VAS评分明显降低(P<0.05);且治疗组比对照组明显改善(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后的IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗,具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者膝关节功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。     

中国东部地区青少年肥胖类型及其与血压的关系

目的探讨2016-2017年我国东部地区12个省(直辖市)12~17岁青少年肥胖类型和血压关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样,选取"2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测"项目中我国东部地区12~17周岁的青少年共8279人作为研究对象。依据体质指数、腰高比将研究对象划分为非肥胖、一般性肥胖、中心型肥胖、复合型肥胖4种类型。依据"中国3~17岁儿童每岁、身高对应的血压标准"判定不同肥胖类型人群的正常高值血压、血压偏高的情况。利用χ²检验、方差分析与多水平线性模型、多水平Logistic回归模型分析不同肥胖类型与血压的关系。结果中国东部地区12~17岁青少年正常高值血压检出率为13.66%(1069人),血压偏高检出率为18.79%(1782人)。其中非肥胖组正常高值血压检出率12.85%(732人),血压偏高检出率13.79%(999人);一般性肥胖组正常高值血压检出率20.45%(99人),血压偏高检出率23.62%(160人);中心型肥胖组正常高值血压检出率6.95%(32人),血压偏高检出率14.64%(87人);复合型肥胖组正常高值血压检出率16.68%(206人),血压偏高检出率42.42%(536人)。血压偏高检出率男女生间(χ²=8.05,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义;多水平模型结果:中心性肥胖仅女生血压偏高风险显著高于非肥胖组(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.12~2.02);肥胖的男、女生正常高值血压(OR=2.05,95%CI 1.62~2.58;OR=1.83,95%CI 1.38~2.42)、血压偏高(OR=2.06,95%CI 1.59~2.67;OR=1.57,95%CI 1.15~2.14)的风险均显著高于非肥胖组,;复合型肥胖的男、女生正常高值血压(OR=3.80,95%CI 3.19~4.51;OR=2.79,95%CI 2.30~3.37)、血压偏高(OR=4.07,95%CI 3.39~4.88;OR=2.84,95%CI 2.32~3.46)的风险显著高于非肥胖组。结论中国东部地区12~17岁青少年群体中,不同肥胖类型与血压水平相关程度不同,复合型肥胖血压偏高风险最高。     

浙江杭州西湖区儿童龋病发生情况及与父母受教育水平关系

目的随访调查某地儿童龋病发生情况,并分析患龋率与父母受教育水平关系,为采取针对性预防措施提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群分层抽样方法,选取2014年3月—2016年6月浙江杭州西湖区6~12岁1260名学龄儿童为研究对象,检查龋病发生情况,并应用logistic回归分析患龋率与父母受教育水平关系。结果1260名儿童总患龋率为61.75%(778/1260),其中乳牙患龋率为48.10%(606/1260),恒牙患龋率为13.65%(172/1260),男童乳牙患龋率显著高于女童,而恒牙患龋率显著低于女童(P<0.05);农村儿童乳牙患龋311人(57.17%),恒牙患龋97人(17.83%),患龋率均明显高于城市儿童的295人(41.20%)和75人(10.47%)(P<0.05);不同受教育水平父母的儿童刷牙年龄、睡前食用零食、零食后漱口、每日刷牙次数、父母是否监督刷牙、是否使用含氟牙膏、是否接受口腔检查、看牙次数比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);母亲受教育水平为高中及以下、本科及大专、研究生及以上的儿童总体患龋分别为269人(67.08%)、430人(59.89%)、79人(56.03%),与父亲相应受教育水平患龋的256人(78.29%)、441人(58.80%)、81人(44.26%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),父亲受教育水平为高中及以下、本科及大专、研究生及以上的城市儿童患龋分别为117人(35.78%)、220人(29.33%)、33人(18.03%),与农村儿童患龋的139人(42.51%)、221人(29.47%)、48人(26.23%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);母亲受教育水平为高中及以下、本科及大专、研究生及以上的城市儿童患龋分别为123人(29.43%)、211人(29.39%)、36人(25.53%),与农村儿童患龋的146人(37.66%)、219人(30.50%)、43人(30.50%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);logistic回归分析显示,父母受教育水平与儿童患龋率呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论浙江杭州西湖区6~12岁学龄儿童患龋率较高,其与父母受教育水平呈负相关,且父母受教育水平影响儿童口腔健康行为,通过提高父母受教育水平对预防龋病发生具有积极意义。