荧光引导下脑胶质瘤边界的组织病理学研究

目的 5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)引导的荧光手术已应用于临床恶性脑胶质瘤的治疗,本实验的目的是探讨ALA荧光引导切除脑胶质瘤的荧光边界与侵袭性的关系.方法 对11例胶质母细胞瘤患者麻醉诱导前3h给予口服ALA,术中使用荧光显微镜检测肿瘤荧光,根据有无荧光留取组织标本.利用免疫组化方法检测荧光组与非荧光组组织中侵袭性指标细胞粘附分子CD44(CD44-HCM)、基质蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和肌腱蛋白(TN)的表达.结果 CD44-HCM、MMP-9和TN在荧光组织与无荧光组织中的阳性表达率有显著差异(P＜0.01),与无荧光的组织相比,荧光组中CD44-HCM、MMP-9和TN表达的阳性率明显增加.结论 ALA诱导的肿瘤荧光边界与脑胶质瘤组织病理学边界相符,进一步表明,荧光引导手术能够有效的切除脑胶质瘤,并且为手术提供客观边界.     

Photodynamic process induced by chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine nanoemulsion in glioblastoma

BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a tumor characterized by rapid cell proliferation and migration. GBM constitutes the most aggressive and deadly type of brain tumor and is classified into several subtypes that show high resistance to conventional therapies. There are currently no curative treatments for malignant glioma despite the numerous advances in surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Therefore, alternative approaches are required to improve GBM treatment.MethodsOur study proposes the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for GBM treatment, which uses chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc) encapsulated in a new drug delivery system (DDS) and designed as a nanoemulsion (AlClPc/NE). The optimal dark non-cytotoxic AlClPc/NE concentration for the U87 MG glioma cell model and the most suitable laser light intensity for irradiation were determined. Experimental U87 MG cancer cells were analyzed via MTT cell viability assay. Cellular localization of AlClPc, morphological changes, and cell death via the necrotic and apoptotic pathways were also evaluated.ResultsAlClPc remained in the cytoplasmic region at 24 h after administration. Additionally, treatment with 1.0 μmol/L AlClPc under light irradiation at doses lower than 140 mJ/cm resulted in morphological changes with 50 ± 6% cell death (p < 0.05). Moreover, 20 ± 2% of U87 MG cells underwent cell death via the necrotic pathway. Measurement of Caspase-9 and -3 activities also suggested that cells underwent apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that AlClPc/NE-PDT can be used in the treatment of glioblastoma by inducing necrotic and apoptotic cell death.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AlClPc/NE-PDT induces cell death in U87 MG cells in a dose-dependent manner and could thus serve as an effective adjuvant treatment for malignant glioma. AlClPc/NE-PDT utilizes a low dose of visible light and can be used in combination with other classic GBM treatment approaches, such as a combination of chemotherapy and surgery.     

The role of ubiquitin-proteasome system in glioma survival and growth

Abstract

High-grade gliomas represent a group of aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis due to an inherent capacity of persistent cell growth and survival. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular machinery responsible for protein turnover. Emerging evidence implicates various proteins targeted for degradation by the UPS in key survival and proliferation signaling pathways of these tumors. In this review, we discuss the involvement of UPS in the regulation of several mediators and effectors of these pathways in malignant gliomas.     

VISUAL PATHWAY TUMORS AND HYDROCEPHALUS

The authors evaluated the impact of hydrocephalus on the clinical picture of children with visua pathway tumor (VPT) with or without neurofibromatosis (NF).Charts of children with VPT treated in the authors' center since 1985 were retrospectively reviewed, and those with hydrocephalus were selected and summarized. Thirty-five children with VPT were found, of whom 20 had NF.Hydrocephalus was found in 4 children with NF (20% ) and in 5 without NF (33.3% ). In 6 ofthechildren, ventricular dilatation with signs of acute increased intracranial pressure already existed at the time of diagnosis and the hydrocephalus was shunted at this time. In the other 3 children, all with NF,the hydrocephalus resulted from slowly developing aqueductal stenosis, leading in 2 to severe visual acuity deterioration. The results suggest that in children with VPT and NF, hydrocephalus, and especially hydrocephalus resulting from aqueductal stenosis, is more frequent than in the general population of NF patients, and less frequent than in VPT patients without NF. The possibility of the indolent development of hydrocephalus should be borne in mind while following children with NF. The optic nerve, when already involved with a glioma, is more vulnerable to increased pressure. Thus, in children with VPT and NF, any ventricular dilatation should lead to a consideration of early shunting.     

A case of diffuse midline glioma,H3 K27M mutant mimicking a hemispheric malignant glioma in an elderly patient

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant arises from midline structures of the central nervous system and predominately affects pediatric patients. However, this disease entity was only recently established, and the clinical phenotypic spectrum remains largely unclear. We herein report a rare case of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant with an unusual distribution in an elderly woman who presented with a diffuse glioma that invaded both sides of the thalami, and left hippocampus and frontoparietal lobes, thus mimicking a hemispheric malignant glioma. A biopsy of the lobular lesion led to a molecular diagnostic confirmation of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant. The patient received concurrent bevacizumab and temozolomide therapy with radiation therapy and survived for 30 months. This case highlights the possibility that a glioma with cerebral hemispheric spread in an elderly patient may harbor the H3 K27M mutation.     

2-甲氧基雌二醇对神经胶质瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用研究

目的 探讨2-甲氧基雌二醇(2-ME)对神经胶质瘤U251细胞移植瘤的增殖抑制、凋亡及可能的分子机制。方法 构建胶质瘤裸鼠移植瘤模型,经2-ME治疗后分别记录移植瘤的重量、体积; 通过移植瘤HE、免疫组化、TUNEL染色分析2-ME对移植瘤的增殖抑制、凋亡及对Bcl-2、VEGF表达水平的影响; 检测2-ME对裸鼠肝肾功能的影响。结果 2-ME对肿瘤的体积和重量均有抑制作用; HE染色显示实验组出现不同程度的肿瘤细胞密度减低; 免疫组化染色显示,随着2-ME水平的升高,肿瘤组织内Bcl-2、VEGF的表达水平逐渐下降; TUNEL染色显示2-ME诱导裸鼠移植瘤组织细胞凋亡; 肝肾功能检测未见损害发生。结论 2-ME在体内能有效抑制胶质瘤移植瘤的生长、诱导其凋亡,其抗肿瘤作用可能与Bcl-2、VEGF表达水平有关,且无明显毒副作用。     

锥体束受侵犯程度与岛叶胶质瘤患者术后疗效的关系

目的探讨锥体束受侵犯程度与岛叶胶质瘤患者术后疗效的关系。方法回顾性分析2010年7月至2019年7月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)神经外科行手术治疗的41例岛叶胶质瘤患者的临床资料。根据MRI显示锥体束受侵犯程度将患者分为3型,其中肿瘤仅侵犯岛叶前下部为Ⅰ型,侵犯岛叶后上部为Ⅱ型,浸润破坏内囊结构为Ⅲ型。分析各型患者术前、术后肢体运动功能障碍,病理学类型及术后疗效的差异。结果41例患者中,Ⅰ型18例(43.9%),Ⅱ型20例(48.8%),Ⅲ型3例(7.3%)。Ⅰ型患者术前、术后均无运动功能障碍。Ⅱ型患者术前4例有运动功能障碍,其中3例术后得到了改善,1例症状进一步加重,1例术后新发生了运动功能障碍。Ⅲ型患者术前均有运动功能障碍,术后症状均进一步加重。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型肿瘤全切除者分别有11例、5例、1例,与Ⅰ型比较,Ⅱ+Ⅲ型肿瘤全切除比例低[分别为26.1%(6/23),11/18],差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型患者中,世界卫生组织(WHO)Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤患者分别有3例(3/18)、7例(7/20)、3例(3/3),差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。术后29例获3~72(22.7±12.0)个月的随访。Ⅰ型患者随访13例,均未复发;Ⅱ型患者随访15例,其中7例复发;Ⅲ型患者随访1例,术后第3个月因残留肿瘤增大而死亡。Kaplan-Meier生存分析3型患者的生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论锥体束受侵犯程度越重,岛叶胶质瘤的病理学级别越高,手术全切除率越低,术后疗效越差。     

miR-26b-3p靶向调控TRA2B表达抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖和转移

目的探讨miR-26b-3p在神经胶质瘤细胞中的表达,以及其对神经胶质瘤细胞增殖和转移的影响。方法采用荧光实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测神经胶质瘤组织与癌旁组织中miR-26b-3p与TRA2B的表达水平;通过向神经胶质瘤细胞细胞系中转染miR-26b-3p mimic和inhibitor干扰内源miR-26b-3p的表达,同时检测其靶基因TRA2B蛋白的表达变化;采用CCK-8法检测各组神经胶质瘤细胞增殖能力的变化,以及划痕实验对癌细胞迁移能力进行评估。结果神经胶质瘤患者组织与癌旁组织比较,miR-26b-3p的表达水平显著上调,TRA2B的表达水平显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,在32例神经胶质瘤患者神经胶质瘤组织中,TRA2B的表达水平与miR-26b-3p表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.510;P<0.05);SHG-44细胞体外转染实验结果发现,降低细胞内源miR-26b-3p的表达时,TRA2B的表达水平显著升高,细胞的增殖活性以及转移能力会被抑制;而上调细胞内源miR-26b-3p的表达时,TRA2B的表达水平显著下降,细胞的增殖活性与转移能力会显著提高,相比于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 miR-26b-3p在神经胶质瘤组织中高表达,其可能靶向调控TRA2B的表达抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖活性与转移能力,在神经胶质瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要的生理功能。     

STRAP在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨人脑胶质瘤组织丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶受体相关蛋白（STRAP）的表达变化及临床意义。方法 选取2013年6月至2016年9月手术切除的胶质瘤组织160例，术前均未接受过放化疗或免疫治疗；另选取2018年6月~2019年3月颅脑损伤内减压术中切除的正常脑组织40例为对照。采用免疫组化法检测STRAP的表达水平。随访时间截止至2018年10月，采用多因素Cox比例回归风险模型分析胶质瘤病人生存期的影响因素。结果 胶质瘤组织STRAP表达水平明显高于正常脑组织（P<0.05），而且随胶质瘤分级增高，STRAP表达水平明显增高（P<0.05）。160例随访3~60个月，随访期间死亡48例，复发98例。OS在3~58个月，中位OS为43个月（四分间距在36~51个月）。PFS在2~60个月，中位PFS为32个月（四分间距在18~40个月）。多因素Cox比例回归风险模型分析显示，年龄≥55岁、术前KPS评分<80分、WHO分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、STRAP高表达是胶质瘤病人无进展生存期（FPS）和总体生存期（OS）较短的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。与低表达组相比，高表达组胶质瘤病人的PFS和OS明显较短（P<0.05）。结论 STRAP高表达与胶质瘤病人不良生存预后有关，这提示其可能成为胶质瘤的分子标志物