嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎临床分析

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（EG）是一种少见的良性消化道疾病，临床表现无特异性，误诊率较高。目的：通过对EG的一般情况、发病诱因、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断分型、误诊情况以及治疗和预后进行分析，以提高对该病的认识，避免误诊误治，减少患者痛苦。方法：对中国人民解放军总医院消化疾病中心的4例EG以及以“嗜酸细胞。胃肠炎”为关键词在中国医院知识仓库医学专题全文数据库（CHKD）中检索得到的1997～2007年发表的文献中169例EG的临床特点进行分析。结果：本组资料显示，44．5％的EG与过敏有关，常见临床表现为腹痛（94，2％）、腹泻（60．7％）、恶心（56．1％）、呕吐（51．5％）、腹胀（38-2％）、腹水（28．3％）。嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）升高在外周血、骨髓和腹水中的阳性率分别为74．0％、98，2％和90．3％。胃镜和结肠镜黏膜活检发现EOS浸润胃黏膜和肠黏膜分别占88-2％和64．6％。诊断以黏膜型EG最为多见（65．3％），误诊率为40．5％。77．5％的EG患者接受糖皮质激素治疗，疗效良好。结论：EG是一种易误诊的少见病。临床表现无特异性，确诊应从提高对该病的认识、适时行血常规、骨髓和腹水EOS检查、胃肠道黏膜活检病理检查等方面人手。糖皮质激素治疗EG有效，预后良好。     

Estimating the herd immunity effect of rotavirus vaccine

IntroductionDiarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5, and an estimated 39% of these deaths are attributable to rotavirus. Currently two live, oral rotavirus vaccines have been introduced on the market; however, the herd immunity effect associated with rotavirus vaccine has not yet been quantified. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the herd immunity effects associated with rotavirus vaccines.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review of articles published between 2008 and 2014 that measured the impact of rotavirus vaccine on severe gastroenteritis (GE) morbidity or mortality. We assessed the quality of published studies using a standard protocol and conducted meta-analyses to estimate the herd immunity effect in children less than one year of age across all years presented in the studies. We conducted these analyses separately for studies reporting a rotavirus-specific GE outcome and those reporting an all-cause GE outcome.ResultsIn studies reporting a rotavirus-specific GE outcome, four of five of which were conducted in the United States, the median herd effect across all study years was 22% [19–25%]. In studies reporting an all-cause GE outcome, all of which were conducted in Latin America, the median herd effect was 24.9% [11–30%].ConclusionsThere is evidence that rotavirus vaccination confers a herd immunity effect in children under one year of age in the United States and Latin American countries. Given the high variability in vaccine efficacy across regions, more studies are needed to better examine herd immunity effects in high mortality regions.     

2013－2019年浙江省湖州市急性胃肠炎病例GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6型诺如病毒基因特征分析

  目的  分析2013 — 2019年浙江省湖州市急性胃肠炎病例诺如病毒基因特征,为疾病监测和防控提供参考。  方法  采用荧光定量反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法对2013年12月、2014年4、12月、2019年3月发生的4起学校/托幼机构急性胃肠炎患者送检粪便标本进行诺如病毒核酸检测。 采用RT-PCR法对核酸阳性标本的多聚酶和衣壳蛋白部分区域进行扩增,并对扩增产物进行序列测定。 利用在线分型工具和系统进化分析对病原序列进行基因特征分析。  结果  共计28份标本中分别有5、4、2、5份为GⅡ型诺如病毒核酸阳性,阳性率为57.1%（16/28）。 4次疫情各有1份标本测序成功;在线分型和系统进化分支分析显示,4起疫情的病原均为GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6重组型诺如病毒,但进化分支不同,其中2013年疫情标本检出GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6c型;2014年2起疫情均为GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6b型,2019年疫情中检出的GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6a型。  结论  GⅡ.P7-GⅡ.6型重组型诺如病毒是引起湖州市2013 — 2019年4起急性胃肠炎暴发疫情的病原体,每年毒株存在一定基因进化分支的差异。 鉴于该病毒在全球范围内具有持续和广泛的流行能力,应进一步加强对该型别重组型诺如病毒的监测。     

Emergence of Norovirus GII.4 variants in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in South Korea between 2006 and 2013

BackgroundNew emerging strains of noroviruses (NoVs) often increase acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide.ObjectiveWe analyzed the epidemiological features and genotypic patterns of NoVs in AGE outbreaks.Study designTo elucidate the public health impact of NoVs during AGE outbreaks in South Korea, a molecular and epidemiological investigation was performed with 318 AGE outbreaks reported from the Gyeonggi province of South Korea during the period from 2006 to 2013.ResultsNoVs were associated with 102 (32.1%) of the AGE outbreaks. Epidemiological data revealed that the majority of NoV outbreaks were in the student group (47.1%), and the majority of AGE patients were identified in schools (68.8%). NoV genogroup (G) II strains were associated with 94 (92.2%) of the NoV outbreaks, and GII.4 strains were predominantly associated with 57.6% (n = 49) of NoV GII outbreaks. Four GII.4 variants (2006b, 2007, 2009 and 2012 variants) emerged and showed different contributions to NoV outbreak activity. The 2006b variant was predominantly associated with NoV outbreaks during the early years of the study period, and was subsequently displaced by the New Orleans 2009 variant, and most recently by the Sydney 2012 variant. In addition, the GII.2, GII.14, and GII.17 strains have recently been often associated with NoV AGE outbreaks.ConclusionsThe emergence of new NoV GII.4 variants significantly affected the NoV outbreak activity in South Korea during the period from 2006 to 2013. The surveillance for new emerging strains affecting NoV outbreak activity should be intensified to develop an adequate policy to prevent further NoV outbreaks.     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎伴腹水1例报道

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)是一种以胃肠道组织中嗜酸性粒细胞异常浸润为特征的罕见胃肠道疾病。随着医务工作者对该病的认识不断深入,该病的文献报道逐渐增多。到目前为止,国内已有100余例报道[1],但因其临床表现缺乏特异性,故该病误诊率仍较高。本文报道我院2013年接诊的1例EG伴腹水的病例。     

Successful control of a norovirus outbreak among attendees of a hospital teaching conference

We report an outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis after a hospital teaching conference, and describe the specific measures instituted by the infection control team. No secondary cases of norovirus infection were identified among hospital staff or patients. In a case-control study, we identified multiple food source contamination as the source of the outbreak. Our report highlights the potential success of a multifaceted infection control strategy in preventing the transmission of norovirus in health care settings.     

枫蓼肠胃康联合诺氟沙星治疗急性胃肠炎的临床观察

目的观察枫蓼肠胃康联合诺氟沙星治疗急性胃肠炎的临床疗效。方法将126例急性胃肠炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组65例,给予枫廖肠胃康颗粒联合诺氟沙星,对照组61例,给予诺氟沙星,疗程均为3d,观察腹痛、腹泻、呕吐等症状,恢复时间及临床疗效。结果治疗组显效率96.92%明显高于对照组的73.77%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论枫蓼肠胃康颗粒联合诺氟沙星治疗急性胃肠炎有较好的临床疗效。     

轻度胃肠炎伴良性婴幼儿惊厥的临床研究

回顾性分析65例急性胃肠炎合并惊厥发作患儿(轻度胃肠炎伴良性婴幼儿惊厥18例、热性惊厥15例、癫13例、病毒性脑炎6例、低钠性脑病6例、高钠性脑病3例、中毒性脑病2例和低钙惊厥2例)临床资料。主要表现为全面性强直或强直-阵挛发作,持续时间短暂,多发生在病程前2 d内,轮状病毒阳性检出率高达83.33%(15/18)。首次惊厥发作患儿肌肉注射苯巴比妥[5~10 mg(/kg·次)],住院过程中再次发作者静脉注射地西泮[0.10~0.30 mg(/kg·次)]。轻度胃肠炎伴良性婴幼儿惊厥为婴幼儿常见惊厥发作疾病,治疗以控制反复发作为原则,预后良好。     

Economic and psychosocial Impact of rotavirus infection in Spain: A literature review

Severe rotavirus gastroenteritis is common in children under 5 years of age. A literature review was performed to investigate the economic and psychosocial impact of rotavirus infection in children in this age group. We retrieved 56 articles on the economic burden of the disease in Europe, 18 of them reported data from Spain; 8 articles were retrieved analysing its psychosocial impact. In Spain, rotavirus is responsible for 14% to 30% of all cases of gastroenteritis, and a quarter of these require hospitalisation. It is also associated with high use of health care resources (emergency and primary care visits). Rotavirus gastroenteritis costs the Spanish national health system EUR 28 million a year and causes productivity loss in two-thirds of parents (mean of 4 days). Taking into account these costs, it was estimated that implementing universal vaccination could prevent 76% to 95% of hospital admissions due to rotavirus gastroenteritis, as well as reduce emergency and paediatric visits, nosocomial infections, and days missed from work (77% reduction). Rotavirus gastroenteritis also has a considerable psychosocial impact on the family, although it is difficult to compare results due to the diversity of study designs and the low specificity of the measurement tools used. It also causes high stress among parents, adding to their workload and adversely affecting their quality of life.