Impact of external beam pelvic radiotherapy of endometrial carcinoma: A focus on chronic digestive toxicity

PurposeThe standard treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery, although depending on the risk factors, adjuvant radiation therapy may also be given. It is proposed for high-risk carcinomas for which an improvement in progression-free survival though not overall survival has been shown. However, despite the development of radiotherapy treatments with intensity modulation and image guidance, adjuvant radiation therapy remains toxic to the digestive system. We aimed to investigate the incidence of digestive toxicity and the presence of any predictive factors.Materials and methodsData were retrospectively collected from patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for endometrial carcinoma at the Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine and centre hospitalier Émile-Durkheim between January 2010 and October 2016 and analyzed to identify factors associated with chronic digestive toxicity.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-nine patients received a total dose of 50 Gy fractionated into 25 sessions, five per week for five weeks. The median follow-up after irradiation completion was 38 months. The incidence of gastrointestinal and rectal toxicity in all patients treated with pelvic irradiation for endometrial carcinoma was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 5.4–19%) for grade 3–4 and 25.6% (95%CI: 17.0–34.9%) for grade 2–4. No factor was found to be significantly predictive of chronic digestive toxicity. At five years, the overall survival was 74.3%, (95%CI: 65.3–81.4%), progression-free survival was 69.6% (95%CI: 60.1–77.3%) and incidence of pelvic recurrence was 7.9% (95%CI: 3.8–13.9%).ConclusionOur results confirmed that pelvic radiotherapy can induce a relatively high rate of digestive toxicity but failed to identify relevant factors able to predict it.     

Ultrastructural markers of tissue endometrial receptivity in patients with recurrent implantation failure

Abstract

The scanning electron microscopy of the endometrial surface epithelium during the ‘implantation window’ was performed in 119 patients with uterine factor of infertility or recurrent miscarriage due to endometrial hypoplasia. Ultramorphological picture of the surface endometrial epithelium was characterized by aplasia and hypoplasia of pinopodes (67.39%), dense cell – cell contacts (69.53%), heteromorphy of secretory cells (15.22%) in combination with atypia of microenvironment cells (50%) in patients with infertility. The asynchronous development of pinopodes (46.67%) and the absence of intercellular contacts separation during the ‘implantation window’ (84.44%) was observed in patients with recurrent miscarriage. The revealed disturbance determines the mechanisms of the blastocyst adhesion violation and trophoblast invasion in the different stages of implantation in patients with uterine factor of infertility and recurrent miscarriage.     

Disparate genomic characteristics of concurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma and ovarian granulosa cell tumor,revealed by targeted next-generation sequencing

Concurrence of both endometrial adenocarcinoma and ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT) is believed to be related to high estrogen milieu, but genomic alterations of the concurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma and aGCT are not known. For this, we analyzed an uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma and an ovarian aGCT in a same patient by a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). We found a germline mutation in STK11 (p.L113fs). The endometrial adenocarcinoma harbored FGFR2 and TP53 mutations and the aGCT harbored a FOXL2 (p.C134?W) mutation. These germline and somatic mutations have been reported in non-concurrent tumors. These two tumors harbored 20 CNAs but only one CNA was exactly overlapped in the tumors. Our findings indicate that the concurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma and aGCT in this patient might not be genetically related to each other at germline or somatic level and suggest that such concurrence might be originated from non-genetic backgrounds including stimulated estrogen milieu.     

胞饮突的相关研究进展

胞饮突是着床窗期在扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）下子宫内膜上皮细胞顶质膜形成的大量胞质外突起,呈花朵状,称为pinopode。近年胞饮突被认为是子宫内膜容受性的一个形态学指标,其功能可能是参与囊胚与子宫内膜的黏附反应。本文就胞饮突的形态、及与雌孕激素、其他子宫内膜容受性相关因子的关系作一综述。     

Dedifferentiated endometrial cancer: an atypical case diagnosed from cerebellar and adrenal metastasis: case presentation and review of literature

Dedifferentiated endometrial cancer (DEC) is microscopically characterized by the presence of high-grade areas emerging from low-grade tumour. DEC is an aggressive tumour even when the dedifferentiated component represents only 20% of the entire neoplasm. A proper histological diagnosis is essential to define the most appropriate therapeutic approach for these tumors, since they are characterized by a particularly aggressive trend and by an extremely poor prognosis. We report a single case of DEC associated with dedifferentiated and adrenal metastasis, for which the patient underwent both abdominal-pelvic and cerebellar surgery. Dedifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium is a poorly recognized neoplasm since they have not been clearly defined the histological features discriminating this neoplasm from high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Revising existing literature we found 79 described cases of central nervous system secondary involvement and 13 cases where the onset of the disease was characterized by neurological signs and symptoms. We could only find two reported cases of adrenal metastases originating from endometrial neoplasia but in no case of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma previously described has been reported the concomitant adrenal-cerebellar involvement.     

系统干预对子宫内膜息肉TCRP术后复发结局影响分析

目的探讨系统护理干预措施对子宫内膜息肉TCRP术后复发结局的影响。方法选择在我院就诊治疗的132例子宫内膜息肉患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组66例,两组均采用宫腔镜手术联合3个周期妈富隆治疗,对照组给予常规护理措施,观察组在术前、术后、出院后采取一对一系统护理干预措施,了解妈富隆服药依从性(按时、按量、无间断)、患者术后月经改善(经量、经期、周期恢复)、子宫内膜息肉复发情况。结果两组出院后10d、第二周期、第三周期不同时间段妈富隆服药依从性比较,观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);术后子宫内膜息肉复发观察组5例(7.50%),对照组15例(22.72%),对照组复发率显著高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论服药不规律或随意终止孕激素周期治疗影响EP术后复发结局,采取系统干预措施可提高患者对妈富隆周期治疗依从性,减少复发率。     

窄带成像技术在子宫内膜病变诊断中的应用

目的:探讨窄带成像技术(NBI)在子宫内膜病变诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:400例行宫腔镜检查的患者同时进行NBI和白光(WL)宫腔镜检查,将检查的结果与病理结果进行比较.结果:WL宫腔镜诊断、NBI宫腔镜诊断与病理诊断的结果一致性好,WL与NBI宫腔镜诊断一致性好.NBI宫腔镜诊断的符合率较WL宫腔镜检查高.在区分正...     

核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM/B23)与子宫内膜癌关系的研究进展

核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM/B23)是一类穿梭于核仁、核质和胞质的多功能蛋白质。核仁磷酸蛋白参与核糖体的生物合成,控制中心体复制,并可通过多种信号通路调节细胞增殖和凋亡,参与肿瘤的发生。近年来对NPM/B23的研究多集中于NPM/B23基因突变与血液肿瘤的关系,另有许多研究表明NPM/B23在一些实体肿瘤中过表达,并与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。核仁磷酸蛋白可能是许多实体肿瘤的肿瘤标志物之一,但其在子宫内膜癌中作用的报道较少。因此,该文就核仁磷酸蛋白及其与子宫内膜癌关系的研究现状进行综述。     

The expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in proliferative endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND. The activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is increased in inflammation and in several cancer types. We investigated the expression of COX-2, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) and nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS-3) in normal proliferative and secretory human endometrium, and in endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS. Human endometrium was collected at hysterectomy. Seven samples were in proliferative and 11 samples in secretory stage. Twelve specimens from endometrial carcinoma were collected, as well. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of COX-1, COX-2, NOS-2 and NOS-3. RESULTS. COX-2 immunostaining was detected in most specimens of normal proliferative glandular epithelium (86%) and of endometrial carcinomas (92%). COX-2 staining was often detected in cancer cells on the border areas of the tumour and on the areas of invasive growth. Staining for COX-2 was seen in proliferative glands usually only in the basal layer of the endometrium. NOS-2 was usually absent or negligible in proliferative endometrial glands and also in the cancer cells of endometrial adenocarcinomas. No staining for either COX-2 or NOS-2 was seen in specimens of secretory glandular epithelium. The expression of the constitutive COX-1 and NOS-3 was negligible or weak in the glandular epithelium of proliferative and secretory endometrium and in endometrial cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS. The expression of the inducible COX-2 but not of COX-1 is stimulated in the glandular epithelium of proliferative endometrium and in the cancer cells of human endometrial adenocarcinoma, in particular in those in the borders of carcinoma and spreading into lymphatic vessels.