面向能力差距的陆军战场搜救体系论证研究

目的:基于面向能力差距的论证理念,开展陆军战场搜救体系(装备体系和非装备体系)的论证研究。方法:通过比较陆军战场搜救能力需求和现有战场搜救能力,分析能力差距。综合考虑能力需求贡献度和能力开发迫切度,定量评估能力差距并定性规范化描述。构建陆军战场搜救体系能力差距矩阵,分析装备体系和非装备体系内容。从成熟度、风险、时间、费用和效能5个方面,采用专家打分法评估装备体系。非装备体系采用头脑风暴法评估。结果:面向陆军战场搜救体系的能力差距,分析得出陆军战场搜救体系的内容,确定了陆军战场搜救体系的发展方向。结论:面向能力差距的论证理念具有较好的可行性,论证结果可信度较高,为提高陆军战场搜救体系论证工作的科学性和规范性提供了支撑。     

核电站事故的公众防护行动

随着核能发展不断推进,居住在核电站周围的公众数量越来越多,但是他们普遍缺乏对核辐射的基础知识,对核事故的防护行动也知之甚少。而及时、正确的防护行动可以将核电站事故对公众的健康危害降到最低。本文介绍了核电站事故后,公众的防护行动：隐蔽、体表污染去污、撤离、服用稳定性碘、食品和饮用水控制、个人防护措施、宠物照料、心理援助等,以指导公众在事故后开展正确的自救与互救,提高公众对核电站事故的应急响应能力。     

国家核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍组建与管理探讨

目的 研究国家核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍组成、任务、装备与管理。方法 根据核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍的职责和任务分工,组建国家核辐射卫生应急医学救援队伍并对队伍进行装备,根据队伍面临的救援情景开展培训、演练等管理工作。结果 核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍由辐射防护与监测、医疗救治、内外污染处理、食品饮用水检测等专业技术人员、应急管理和后勤保障人员组成。培训演练是核辐射卫生应急队伍技术能力和装备是否合理的重要手段。结论 规范化的应急队伍装备与管理,能确保在各类检验自然灾害、突发公共卫生事件中能快速响应、高效的开展核辐射卫生应急工作。     

观察脊柱脊髓损伤不同时间段手术的术后神经功能恢复情况

目的对脊髓损伤患者不同时间段尽早急诊手术的术后神经功能康复情况进行观察。方法选取35例脊柱脊髓损伤并进行创伤外科急诊手术治疗患者的临床资料,进行统计并分析比较其不同时间段进行手术,术后的神经功能康复情况。结果 35例患者术后神经功能恢复均较术前明显好转,8小时手术的患者神经功能康复较8小时的患者好,越早进行手术的患者神经功能康复越好,所有患者术后的脊髓功能ASIA评分(针刺觉评分、轻触觉评分、运动评分)均较术前提高,且时间越早手术的术后ASIA评分提高值就越高,与术前、不同时间段之间比较P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论对于脊髓损伤的患者需加快其院外及院内的抢救,以最大限度降低患者的损伤,提高其术后神经功能康复力。     

旅游区院前急救模式探讨

目的：探讨旅游区院前急救模式。方法：对２６６例院急救病例进行分类处理。结果：占前三位疾病是外伤、中毒、心脑血管疾病,除８例死亡外,全部转送院内诊治。结论：院前急救是急诊医学的关键环节,关系到院内进一步急救的抢救成功率。     

The symptom of headache in Emergency Departments. The experience of a neurology emergency department

Although the symptom of headache is a frequent cause of Emergency Department examinations, it is often considered to be of little clinical relevance in comparison with other emergencies and is usually treated only symptomatically. But how frequently does a simple headache mask a severe cerebral pathology? To answer this question, we studied a consecutive series of patients examined at the Neurology Emergency Department of Turin's Ospedale Molinette over a period of three months; the patients were then followed-up for more than two years in order to confirm the diagnoses.Of 215 cases of acute headache, 121 (56%) were essential and 94 (44%) symptomatic; of the latter, 18 (8.3%) were the only clinical manifestation of a severe cerebral pathology (10 hemorrhages, 2 ischemias, 6 tumours). In diagnosing these 18 cases, 72 EEG, 57 CT and 4 rachicentesis examinations were carried out and their diagnostic efficacy is here analysed. Our data show the importance of a careful evaluation of the symptom of headache in Emergency Departments and the need to send any doubtful cases to a facility specialised in coping with such emergencies.

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Sommario Il sintomo cefalea costituisce un frequente motivo di visita in Pronto Soccorso, spesso considerato di scarsa rilevanza clinica rispetto ad altre urgenze e per lo più trattato solo dal punto di vista sintomatico. Ma in quanti di questi casi una semplice cefalea nasconde una grave patologia cerebrale? A questo proposito abbiamo effettuato uno studio presso il Dipartimento di Emergenza di Neurologia dell'Ospedale Molinette di Torino su una serie consecutiva di pazienti che sono stati visitati per cefalea nell'arco di tre mesi, seguendoli quindi nel tempo con un follow-up di oltre due anni per la verifica diagnostica.Su 215 cefalee acute, le cefalee essenziali sono risultate 121 (56%), e quelle sintomatiche 94 (44%). Tra queste ultime, 18 (8,3%) erano l'unica manifestazione clinica di una grave patologia cerebrale (10 emorragie, 2 ischemie, 6 tumori). Per diagnosticare questi 18 casi sono stati eseguiti 72 EEG, 57 T.C e 4 rachicentesi; di questi esami viene quindi analizzata l'efficacia ai fini diagnostici. Da questi dati emerge quindi l'importanza di un'attenta valutazione del sintomo cefalea in Pronto Soccorso e la necessità di inviare, nei casi dubbi, il paziente in una struttura specializzata per queste emergenze.

     

5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用研究

目的 探究5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年3月至8月在空军军医大学第一附属医院急诊科接受培训的97名护士为研究对象,将2022年3月至5月培训的47名护士设为对照组,2022年6月至8月培训的50名护士设为观察组。对照组采用传统教学,观察组采用5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学进行培训,比较两组护士理论及操作考试成绩、临床护理能力、自我导向学习能力及对教学模式的满意度。采用SPSS 24.0进行独立样本t检验和卡方检验。结果 规范化培训结束后,观察组护士理论考试成绩、操作考试成绩均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士护理行为六维度量表的各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士自我导向学习能力评定量表（self-rating scale of self-directed learning,SRSSDL）中学习意识、学习行为、学习策略、学习评价等维度的评分及量表总分高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士教学满意度各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学适合急诊护士规范化培训,有助于提高急诊护士的临床护理能力和自我导向学习能力,教学满意度较高。     

Quality of care in institutionalized deliveries: the paradox of the Dominican Republic.

OBJECTIVES: To better understand the paradox in the Dominican Republic of a relatively high maternal mortality ratio despite nearly universal institutionalized deliveries with trained attendants, a rapid assessment using an adaptation of the strategic assessment method was conducted. METHODS: A multi-disciplinary team reviewed national statistics and hospital records, inventoried facilities, and observed peripartum client-provider interactions at 14 facilities. RESULTS: The major referral hospitals, where more than 40% of births in the country occur, were overcrowded and understaffed, with inexperienced residents overseeing care provided by medical students, interns and nurses. Uncomplicated labor and deliveries were overmedicalized, while complicated ones were not managed appropriately; emergencies were not dealt with in a timely fashion. In the peripheral hospitals physicians were seldom present and clients were either turned away or delivered by unprepared nursing staff. Providers in the busiest facilities suffered from compassion fatigue, and were demoralized and overworked. In all facilities, quality of care was lacking and the delivery and birthing process was dehumanized. CONCLUSIONS: Access and availability of institutional delivery alone is not enough to decrease MMR, it is also the quality of emergency obstetric care that saves lives.     

乡镇医院在卫生突发事件中作用的调查

目的评估我省乡镇医院应对卫生突发事件应急能力.方法信访128个县市疾病控制中心负责人和部分乡镇医院负责人,调查内容包括卫生突发事件发生时乡镇医院的定位,应具备的设备、人员配备和经费支持等.结果绝大多数县市疾病控制中心负责人肯定乡镇医院为卫生应急系统的主要组成部分.乡镇医院负责人都认为乡镇医院是应急体系的必须部分,但目前状况不能适应需要,需要投资建设.结论政府应充分重视乡镇医院在卫生突发事件应急体系中的作用和建设.