Korean red ginseng stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Korean red ginseng (KRG), one of heat-processed Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has a long history as herbal remedy for antidiabetic effect.

Aim of the study

The effect and mechanism of KRG on stimulation of insulin release were investigated in isolated rat pancreatic islets.

Material and methods

Pancreatic islets isolated from rats were used to evaluate the insulinotropic action of KRG. The effect of Ca on the insulinotropic action of KRG was investigated.

Results

The aqueous ethanolic extract of KRG (AEE-KRG) (0.1–1.0 mg/ml) significantly evoked a stimulation of insulin release at 3.3 mM glucose compared to the control. Experiments at different glucose concentrations (8.4 and 16.7 mM) showed that AEE-KRG significantly stimulated on its own whereas it did not potentiate insulin secretion induced by glucose. The extracellular Ca²⁺-free condition, a L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker and an ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel opener significantly inhibited insulin secretion evoked by AEE-KRG.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that KRG displays beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes at least in part via the stimulation of insulin release in a glucose-independent manner.     

短期用药对幽门螺杆菌检测结果的影响

目的：研究短期不规则用药对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)检测结果的影响。方法：136名慢性胃炎及消化性溃疡的住院患，根据病史分为服药组即Hp检查前一周内接受过铅剂、抑酸剂治疗的患，共四例。对照组即Hp检查前未接受过药物治疗的患考，共37例。Hp检查方法包括①血清学方法；②快速尿素酶试验(RUT)；③组织学方法；④13c—尿素呼气试验(13C—UBT)。结果：服药组RUT，组织学，13C—UBT方法Hp检出率分别为9．0％，21．2％，27．3％，均显低于对照组相应Hp检出率37．8％、40．5％、48．6％(P＜0．01，P＜0．05，P＜0．05)。两组血清学方法Hp IgG、IgM阳性率各为48．5％，51．5％和54．1％，54．1％(P＞0．05)。单独服用质子泵抑制剂组RUT，组织学方法Hp检出率4．0％，16．0％显低于对照组相应方法Hp检出率(P＜0．01，P＜0．05)。单独服用枸橼酸铋钾、H2受体拮抗剂患中各方法Hp检出率与对照组检出率无显性差异(P＞0．05)。单独服用枸橼酸铋钾、H2受体拮抗剂、质子泵抑制剂三组Hp感染率14．3％、15．0％、16．0％均显低于对照组Hp感染率46．0％(P＜0．05)。结论：Hp检查前短期使用铋剂、抑酸剂可导致Hp检出率下降，短期使用质子泵抑制剂可显降低RUT、组织学方法Hp检出率；各方法中快速尿素酶试验检出率最低。血清学方法检测Hp抗体不受药物影响。     

急速进入高原人员红细胞免疫粘附功能的动态变化研究

本文观察了40名快速进入海拔3600米地区人员的RCR、RICR水平，及同海拔移居适应者36名和世居者30名的上述指标。结果表明：观察组进入高原第2天RCR急剧下降，RICR急剧升高，以后逐渐降低或升高，至第30天时与移、世居两组接近（P＞0．05）；高原反应越重RCR及RICR降低或升高越明显（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。     

Observations on two members of the Swedish family with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia,type III

Abstract: Two affected individuals of the Swedish family with CDA, type III, in which the disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant character, were studied. Both cases displayed features hitherto undescribed in this family but described in patients with CDA, type III, in whom the inheritance may have been as an autosomal recessive character. Such features were: (a) haemosiderinuria, (b) grossly disorganised erythroblast nuclei, (c) differences in the ultrastructural appearances of individual nuclei within the same multinucleate erythroblast and (d) intraerythroblastic inclusions resembling precipitated globin chains. In both cases the giant mononucleate erythroblasts and the multinucleate erythroblasts had total DNA contents up to 28c (1c = haploid DNA content) and 48c respectively, and some DNA synthesising bi- and multinucleate erythroblasts contained one or more nuclei which were unlabelled with ³H-thymidine. These findings are similar to those in patients with the autosomal recessive type of disease. Thus no major phenotypic differences are yet apparent between cases of CDA, type III, with different patterns of inheritance. Analysis of the surface erythrocyte proteins of the 2 Swedish CDA, type III, patients with monoclonal antibodies recognising Band 3, glycophorins A, B, C and D, Rh, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD58, CD59, Lutheran, Kell, LW and acetylcholinesterase did not reveal any gross abnormality of expression of these proteins. A slightly altered expression of blood group antigens A and H was revealed by the lectins Dolichos biflorus and Ulex europaeus and the Mr of Band 3 as judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also slightly reduced, suggesting that there may be minor alterations in the degree of N-glycosylation of some red cell membrane constituents.     

亚硝酸根与中性红显色反应的分光光度研究及其分析应用

本文研究了亚硝酸根与中性红显色反应的条件。在0.09～0.4mol/L HCl介质中,亚硝酸根与中性红生成紫蓝色化合物,其最大吸收峰位于535nm处,反应灵敏(∑_(645)nm=7.40×10~3和9.81×10~3L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),选择性好。亚硝酸根含量在0～5μg/25ml及5～25μg/25ml范围内遵守比尔定律。本法曾用于水、土壤及蔬菜中微量亚硝酸根的测定获得满意的结果。     

聚合酶链反应检测实验动物弓形虫核酸的研究

建立弓形虫动物模型，常规方法提取肝、脾、肾、肺等组织DNA，应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增，产物经电泳检测显示199bp的弓形虫特异带谱。并以γ－32p标记克隆的弓形虫特异DNA片段为探针，对扩增产物行Southern印迹分析，结果上述4种标本均出现阳性杂交带，进一步证实扩增条带是弓形虫特异DNA顺序。同时用酶标法检测显示鼠血清弓形虫抗体IgG；阳性。组织病理学检查结果，肝组织损伤较严重，肝细胞肿大，肝窦消失，脾、肾、肺组织可见轻微的病理改变。另外本文介绍一种简单PCR方法[1]，取鼠尾静脉血2μl直接进行扩增，结果与酚-氯仿法提取的DNA扩增结果一致。     

微波快速过氧化物酶染色法与灌注法用于微循环形态学研究之比较

以健康Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠为材料，对微波快速内源性过氧化物酶染色与灌注法显示微血管的方法进行了对比研究。结果，过氧化物酶组织化学法具有不用灌注，操作简单，所用时间短，对血管无扩张、破裂等人为改变的特点，保持了微血管真实的自然形态和管径大小，可以定量或半定量地判定组织器官活体时的血液循环状况。可以用于人及动物的大脑、脊髓、皮肤、耳及食管等组织内微血管形态学研究和定量分析。并对过氧化物酶显示微血管的原理和微波辐射促进染色的原理及特点进行了分析、讨论。     

低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液对体外循环术后肺保护作用的研究

目的:探讨体外循环(cardiopulmonarybypass,CPB)术中采用低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液实施肺动脉灌注对肺的保护效果。方法:随机选取20例风湿性单纯二尖瓣病变合并中度肺动脉高压的患者,分为肺动脉灌注组和对照组(每组各10例)。灌注组在主动脉阻断后,经肺动脉根部间断灌注低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液,测定两组患者围术期的机械通气时间、肺血管阻力、白细胞比值(静脉血/动脉血)、肺循环血浆MDA含量。结果:体外循环术后灌注组机械通气时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各时点肺血管阻力、白细胞比值(静脉血/动脉血)、肺循环血浆MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液肺动脉灌注对体外循环术后肺损伤有明显的保护作用.     

结肠肿瘤细胞株体外培养过程中的自发性凋亡的观察

研究了Ｖ２３５Ｅ、Ｖ２３５Ｌ、Ｖ４１１三个结肠肿瘤细胞株的细胞凋亡现象。ＤＮＡ电泳分析和ＡＯ／ＥＢ荧光染色形态学检查表明，这三个肿瘤细胞株均存在自发性凋亡。提示肿瘤细胞，包括恶变的癌细胞仍可保留与增殖相对立的凋亡过程。肿瘤细胞存在自发性细胞凋亡的观察，有助于更好地认识肿瘤的发生和发展过程。此外，这些细胞株也为进一步研究细胞凋亡的诱导及其调控提供了有用的细胞模型。     

Rh phenotype prediction by DNA typing and its application to practice

The complexity of the RHD and RHCE genes, which is the greatest of all blood group systems, confounds analysis at the molecular level. RH DNA typing was introduced in 1993 and has been applied to prenatal testing. PCR-SSP analysis covering multiple polymorphisms was recently introduced for the screening and initial characterization of partial D. Our objective is to summarize the accrued knowledge relevant to the approaches to Rh phenotype prediction by DNA typing, their possible applications beyond research laboratories and their limitations. The procedures, results and problems encountered are highly detailed. It is recommended that DNA typing comprises an analysis of more than one polymorphism. We discuss future directions and propose a piecemeal approach to improve reliability and cost-efficiency of blood group genotyping that may eventually replace the prevalent serology-based techniques even for many routine tasks. Transfusion medicine is in the unique position of being able to utilize the most extensive phenotype databases available to check and develop genotyping strategies.