哌拉西林/他唑巴坦治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的 评价哌拉西林／他唑巴坦治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的安全性和有效性。方法 对33例呼吸机相关性肺炎患者采用哌拉西林／他唑巴坦治疗，每次4．5g,q8h～q12h静脉滴注，疗程7～14d。结果 治疗总有效率84．85％，细菌清除率88．23％，不良反应率3．03％。结论 哌拉西林／他唑巴坦具有安全、低毒、抗菌谱广的特点，是治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的良效药物。     

173例支气管哮喘特异性脱敏治疗的进一步评价

对173例支气管哮喘特异性脱敏治疗的疗效及影响疗效的因素进行了分析。结果表明:显效为30.6%(53/173).有效为56.1%(97/173),无效为13.3%(23/173)。影响疗效的因素与病情的程度有关,而与年龄、病程、皮试阳性反应强弱及脱敏治疗前4个疗程内是否应用曲安缩松等无关。并对特异性脱敏治疗支气管哮喘的优缺点进行讨论。     

儿童糖尿病30例临床分析

30例儿童糖尿病患者年龄2～14岁,83.3％病前有感染史,起病多较急,年龄越小“三多一少”症状越不典型,多以酮症酸中毒昏迷就诊,其中20％被误诊。建议采用小剂量胰岛素静脉滴注治疗。     

A controlled trial of dapsone versus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infection, occurring in 85 % of HIV infected patients without prophylaxis. Preventive treatment is required when CD₄ cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. Cotrimoxazole has been shown to be highly effective but alternative drug regimens are often necessary because of the frequent drug hypersensitivity exhibited by HIV infected patients. The aim of this prospective, open, randomized, one-site study, involving HIV-infected patients with a CD₄ cell count below 200/mm³, or a percentage under 20%, randomly assigned to receive either dapsone 50 mg daily or Fansidar^® one tablet weekly, was to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the primary prophylaxis of PCP. Both dapsone and Fansidar^® appear to be safe and effective alternative agents for the prevention of PCP. Their role in Toxoplasma gondii prophylaxis requires further evaluation.     

The cause of child abuse and neglect and their effects on the development of children in Samaru Zaria, Nigeria

Every child despite his individual differences and uniqueness is to be considered of equal worth. He should therefore be entitled to equal social, economic, civil and political rights, so that he may fully realise his inherent potential and share equally in life (Gill, 1979).

Obviously, these values are rooted in the humanistic philosophy of any nation's declaration of independence. In accordance with these value premises therefore “any act of commission or ommission by individuals, institutions or the society as a whole, and any conditions which deprive children of equal rights and liberties and interfere with their optimal development, constitutes by definition abuse or neglectful acts or conditions” (Gill, 1979).

Child abuse is a significant contemporary community problem. Although children have been maltreated throughout history, our community has been silent in defence of abused children. Child abuse is not a phenomenon of the 20th Century nor is it unique to our society and culture alone. It has occurred throughout the recorded history of man. The future of any nation depends on its children and their capabilities. For this reason, they must be given a full chance.     

三种方案治疗小儿肺炎的药物经济学研究

目的：比较三种方案治疗小儿细菌性肺炎的效率（即费用－效果）。方法：2001年－2002年采用前瞻性随性临床试验A组50例，B组50例，C组50例作为分析模型，以深圳市二级甲等医院收费为标准，采用决策树的分析方法，进行费用一效果分析。结果：每治疗1例有效病人，A、B、C三组方案的期望成本分别为4707．45元，3052．51元，结论：同时考虑临床疗效及医疗费用，C组有最好的费用－效果，值得临床推广应用。     

Pronounced bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma severity

Summary. Fifty-six asthmatics from an asthma ward or from an asthma out-patient clinic were challenged with two low concentrations (0–03 and 0–012 mg) of metacholine chloride in order to assess the relationship between pronounced hyper-responsiveness and asthma severity in a clinical setting. Only inhaled bronchodilators were stopped before challenge. Asthma severity was assessed retrospectively and prospectively on the basis of treatment, number of days in hospital, intensive care, number of emergency visits and days on sick-leave. The results show that pronounced hyper-responsiveness (n= 28) is not associated with asthma severity. It is concluded that a single simplified test of pronounced bronchial hyper-responsiveness, performed without taking into consideration the actual state of the disease and without stopping all medication, is of no help in identifying the patients with the clinically most severe asthma and worst prognosis.,     

合肥市部分人群SARS认知及行为态度

目的　了解合肥市部分人群对 SARS的认知情况及行为态度。方法　对合肥市两个社区及一所大学的部分人群共 1332人进行现况调查 ,比较不同性别、职业、文化程度对 SARS的总体认知水平。结果　合肥市人群对 SARS的认知情况尚好 ,总体平均得分 ( 15 .0 2± 1.98)分 (总分 18分 )。结论　合肥市居民对 SARS的认知水平总体较高 ,但存在群体差异 ,卫生行政部门应加强对公众的宣传教育 ,以提高全体居民的健康意识 ,进而预防 SARS的发生     

An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with malignancy

An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in three patients within a 6 week period was reported. Two patients had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had brain-stem glioma. They shared common features of immuno-suppression and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and had been nursed in the same room. The severity of PCP and its response to treatment may be related to the degree of immunosuppression. Because of the morbidity and mortality of PCP, chemoprophylaxis should be given to all at-risk cases. Furthermore, isolation of patients with PCP should be considered in view of increasing evidence of nosocomial transmission.     

中国八省市婴幼儿死亡率

根据1985及1987年在上海、北京、辽宁、山东、河北、陕西、甘肃及贵州进行深入的生育力调查中的婴幼儿死亡资料,对中国八省市30年来婴幼儿死亡率作了统计分析。100645名活产婴儿的死亡资料的统计结果表明,30年来婴幼儿死亡率显著下降,从60年代中期到1980～1984年,婴幼儿死亡率降低了62％,婴儿死亡率降低了56％,1～4岁幼儿死亡率降低了76％。1980～1984年八省市平均的婴幼儿死亡率为48‰,婴儿死亡率39‰,幼儿死亡率9‰,新生儿死亡率26‰。据此推算我国婴儿死亡率1975～1979年在50‰左右,1980～1984年在40‰左右。中国婴幼儿死亡率存在明显的地区差异,贵州省与上海市相比,婴幼儿死亡率高3倍,婴儿死亡率高2.4倍,幼儿死亡率高5.1倍。