眼底动脉硬化与血压、血糖、血脂的多元分析与评估

目的探讨眼底动脉硬化与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性，评估中风危险度。方法对2004年5月至2008年10月就诊的患者335例，作为观察组，并与无症状的健康体检者180例作对照，动态检测眼底动脉硬化、血压、血糖、血脂的异常变化，并做综合量化评估。结果脑血管疾病与眼底动脉硬化、血压、血糖、血脂等因素密切相关。结论眼底动脉硬化、血糖、血脂、血压异常的量化评分，能够预估中风，以便采取预防性治疗。     

仙人掌粉对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

目的　研究仙人掌对糖尿病血糖的影响。方法　采用四氧嘧啶造成大鼠实验性糖尿病模型 ,然后将高、中、低 3种剂量的仙人掌粉加入到基础饲料中进行实验观察。结果　仙人掌粉高 (10g kg·d)、中 (5 .0g kg·d)剂量组均可显著降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖 ,并且高剂量组具有显著改善糖尿病大鼠尿量增加的作用。各剂量组对正常大鼠血糖无明显影响。结论　仙人掌粉能有效降低四氧嘧啶所导致的糖尿病大鼠的血糖、尿量     

血液标本放置时间和抗凝剂对血糖检测结果的影响

目的 :探讨两种抗凝剂的血液标本放置时间对血糖测定的影响。方法 :采集门诊健康人血液标本 30份 ,分别以肝素钠和氟化钠作抗凝 ,放置不同时间检测血糖值。结果 :及时分离血浆的血液标本血糖在 5h内差异无显著性。而血液离体后不及时分离血浆 ,血糖是随着时间延长而降低。氟化钠抗凝的血糖比肝素钠抗凝的血糖下降的程度要缓慢一些 ,所以临床上采集血液标本必须及时分离血浆 ,选用合适的抗凝剂 ,及时测定 ,减少误差 ,提高准确性 ,给临床提供准确的诊断依据     

健脾活血方对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨健脾活血方对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)的改善作用及机理。方法:取Wistar大鼠60只,雌雄各半,采用链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin,STZ)加高脂饮食造成2型糖尿病IR大鼠模型,设空白组、模型组、健脾活血方组和罗格列酮组,以血糖仪检测大鼠空腹血糖(Fasting BloodGlucose,FBG),采用放射免疫分析法检测大鼠空腹胰岛素(Fasting Plasma Insulin,Fins),并计算胰岛素敏感性指数(Insulin SensitivityIndex,ISI)。用全自动生化检测仪检测游离脂肪酸(Free Fat Acid,FFA)。结果:健脾活血方能够调节血糖和胰岛素水平,降低血清FFA含量,提高ISI,其作用与罗格列酮相当,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:健脾活血方对2型糖尿病大鼠IR有改善作用。     

Kv2.1钾通道在神经元缺氧损伤中的潜在药理学作用

 目的观察钾通道阻断剂四乙铵(TEA)对缺氧缺血损伤整体、离体模型的保护作用,阐明Kv2.1电压依赖性钾通道在缺氧缺血细胞损伤中发挥的作用。方法应用大鼠暂时性大脑中动脉阻塞(tMCAO)脑缺血模型验证TEA对脑缺血损伤的保护作用。采用膜片钳技术观察氧糖剥夺(OGD)对稳定转染Kv2.1钾通道的人胚胎肾293(HEK293)细胞膜电位以及TEA对OGDKv2.1-HEK293细胞钾电流的影响。MTT法观察OGD对Kv2.1-HEK293的损伤及TEA的保护作用。结果TEA(5μg·kg^-1)侧脑室注射可以显著减小tMCAO大鼠的脑梗死体积;应用转基因细胞的研究证实Kv2.1-HEK293对OGD损伤的敏感性明显提高;OGD可以降低Kv2.1-HEK293细胞膜电位;TEA(10mmol·L^-1)能显著抑制OGDKv2.1-HEK293钾电流,同时使其所受的细胞损伤降低。结论钾通道阻断剂TEA对整体和离体缺氧缺血损伤模型均发挥细胞保护作用,这种保护作用与对Kv2.1的阻断密切相关;提示Kv2.1可能是抗脑缺血药物开发的潜在靶点。     

A comparison of two rehabilitation protocols after total knee arthroplasty: does flexion affect mobility and blood loss?

We report a prospective trial comparing the effectveness of a post-operative flexion regime versus a standard extension regime on the early outcome and on the post-operative blood loss of total knee arthroplasty. Fourty-eight knees were divided to two different post-operative rehabilitation regimes: a flexion regime and an extension regime. The two groups were well matched with respect to age, gender, operation side and pre-op diagnosis All patients were implanted with a NexGen cemented total knee prosthesis and all operations were performed by the same surgeon. Patients were assessed pre-operatively, at the time of discharge, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks, and were evaluated by means of the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the WOMAC score, the Clarkson criteria for range of motion and muscolar strength measurement, and the Verbal Numeric Scale (VNS) for the pain. Futhermore, postoperative blood loss was assessed by comparing the volume of blood in the drain at the time of their removal and measuring the difference in preoperative and postoperative blood haemoglobin (Hb) in the 2 groups. Patients subjected to the flexion regime had a better KSS and Womac score after 12 weeks and had less post-operative blood loss, requiring fewer blood transfusions. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of pain and muscolar strength. We believe a flexion regime after a total knee arthroplasty is a valid option of rehabilitation treatment and does not result in an increase in wound problems.     

Microformats: Three Proposed Standards for Solving the Need for Standard Data Presentation

The continuous glucose monitor market is just starting to develop. Current trends in the availability of diabetes information tools highlight the need for standard data presentation for continuous glucose monitors. These trends and their implications are discussed. This article proposes a set of standards for blood glucose data presentation. If device manufacturers adopt these standards, they will ensure that their continuous glucose monitors meet both the short-term and the long-term needs of users. This should increase the demand for these monitors and enable future device developments that appeal to a wider range of users.     

瑞格列奈与迪沙片治疗新诊断2型糖尿病的疗效对比观察

比较对新诊断2型糖尿病患者应用瑞格列奈（11例）和迪沙片（10例）治疗4周后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、晨3点血糖（3aPG）,空腹胰岛素（FIns）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hIns）,糖化白蛋白的值。结果显示,与迪沙片组相比,瑞格列奈组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖的下降幅度更为明显,但低血糖的发生次数反而减少。     

Incidence of Type 2 diabetes in England and its association with baseline impaired fasting glucose: the Ely study 1990-2000.

AIM: To determine the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and to examine the effect of different cut-points for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) on diabetes incidence. METHODS: Population-based longitudinal study (1990-2000) with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in 1040 non-diabetic adults aged 40-69 years at baseline. Baseline glucose status was defined as normoglycaemia < 5.6, IFG-lower 5.6-6.0 and IFG-original 6.1-6.9 mmol/l. The all-IFG group included fasting glucose values of 5.6-6.9 mmol/l. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative incidence of diabetes was 7.3 per 1000 person-years. Diabetes incidence was 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 4.8], 6.2 (4.0, 9.8) and 17.5 (12.5, 24.5) per 1000 person-years in those with normoglycaemia, IFG-lower and IFG-original, respectively. Compared with normoglycaemia, the age/sex-adjusted risk [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI] for incident diabetes was greatest in the IFG-original category (HR 6.9; 3.1, 15.2) and increased to a lesser degree in the IFG-lower (HR 2.5; 1.1, 5.7) and all-IFG categories (HR 4.1; 1.9, 8.7). When adjusted for confounding factors, the magnitude and direction of associations persisted, with HR 1.9, 4.4 and 2.9, for the categories IFG-lower, IFG-original and all-IFG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes incidence is more strongly related to IFG defined as fasting glucose between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/l than to the lower category of 5.6-6.0 mmol/l, or entire range of 5.6-6.9 mmol/l. Future studies should examine the association of IFG with cardiovascular outcomes, but for diabetes risk our study supports the use of the IFG cut-point at 6.1 mmol/l.     

Uncooked rice of relatively low gelatinization degree resulted in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice in female college students

Cooking processes that gelatinize granules or disrupt structure might increase the glucose and insulin responses because a disruption of the structure of starch by gelatinization increases its availability for digestion and absorption in the small intestine. We hypothesized that the uncooked form of rice, which has a relatively low degree of gelatinization even though in powder form, would result in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice (CR). To assess the effects of the gelatinization of rice on metabolic response of glucose and insulin, we investigated the glucose and insulin responses to 3 rice meals of different gelatinization degree in female college students (n = 12): CR (76.9% gelatinized), uncooked rice powder (UP; 3.5% gelatinized), and uncooked freeze-dried rice powder (UFP; 5.4% gelatinized). Uncooked rice powders (UP and UFP) induced lower glucose and insulin responses compared with CR. The relatively low gelatinization degree of UPs resulted in low metabolic responses in terms of the glycemic index (CR: 72.4% vs UP: 49.7%, UFP: 59.8%) and insulin index (CR: 94.8% vs UP: 74.4%, UFP: 68.0%). In summary, UPs that were less gelatinized than CR induced low postprandial glucose and insulin responses.