腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术86例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术的手术方式、适应证。方法回顾性分析2000年4月~2003年11月86例腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术的临床资料。结果86例患者均在胆道镜的配合下完成腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术。手术时间(120±50)min,失血量为(60±30)ml,进食时间为(48±8)h,下床活动时间为(48±8)h,术后住院时间为(5.5±1.5)d。无一例发生术后并发症。其中胆总管切开取石后置T管引流46例,胆总管切开取石后一期缝合40例。结论对腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石术,不管是采取T管引流或是一期缝合,只要掌握手术方式及适应证,腹腔镜下治疗胆总管结石是完全可行的。是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全可靠的微创手术,值得推广应用。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病的X线诊断(附14例报告)

目的：探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病的X线特征以提高其诊断水平。材料与方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实之14例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病的X线表现。结果：导管内乳头状瘤病的X线特征是病变多发、范围广和形态多样。结论：对上述诸多特殊表现的认识，在导管内乳头状瘤病的正确诊断中具有重要价值。     

AIDS-related cholangiopancreatographic changes

The cholangiographic and pancreatographic appearances of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated cholangitis were evaluated in 26 patients. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed by retrograde cholangiography or endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERC or ERCP). One patient was diagnosed by T-tube cholangiography and another patient by transhepatic cholangiography. The radiographic findings ranged from intrahepatic ductal abnormalities with or without involvement of the extrahepatic biliary tree (eight patients) to irregularities and strictures involving the ampulla of Vater or the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct (CBD) with proximal dilatation (18 patients). Significant strictures involving the juxta-ampullary pancreatic duct were identified in six of 12 patients. Twenty-one of the 26 patients had associated infections which included: Cryptosporidium (CS), Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Microsporidium (MSP), and Isospora (ISP). Three patients were operated upon for acute acalculous cholecystitis. In each instance, organisms were identified in both the bile duct and the inflamed gallbladder.An editorial commentary on this article follows on pp. 423–424.     

普通器械联合胆道镜行微切口胆道探查的临床疗效评价

目的评价普通器械联合胆道镜行微切口胆道探查的临床疗效，以积累其疗效的统计学资料。方法将1213例单纯胆道探查或合并胆囊切除病例随机分为A、B两组。A组采用普通手术器械联合胆道镜，行微切口探查术：B组采用切口的传统探查方式。然后统计分析两组的出血量、疼痛程度等相关指标，以对比术中处理技巧及术后效果。结果A组平均出血量、切口疼痛、胃肠道功能恢复时间、下床活动时间及住院天数均小于B组（P〈0．05）：两组胆漏、胆管损伤、术后腹腔出血及切口感染等并发症率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论普通器械加胆道镜微切口胆道探查术式具有创伤小、痛苦轻、对手术器械无特殊要求等优点，其康复效果优于传统术式，统计学上是一种可靠的微创术式。     

腹腔镜手术治疗老年人胆囊并胆管结石 (附75例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗老年人胆囊并胆管结石的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2005年12月腹腔镜手术治疗60岁以上老年人胆囊并胆管结石75例资料。结果72例手术成功,3例中转开腹,手术时间60～270min,胆总管T管引流42例,一期缝合30例;术后有3例发生胆漏,经保守治疗治愈;6例有肝内残余结石,于术后1.5个月经T管窦道取净结石。结论作好充分的围手术期处理,择期的腹腔镜手术治疗老年人胆囊并胆管结石安全、可行,但需娴熟的腹腔镜操作技术。在老年人中严格掌握好适应证胆总管一期缝合亦是安全、可行的。     

Enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin as a cause of 'black' pigment gallstones in adult life

In contrast to bile salts, which undergo a highly efficient enterohepatic circulation with multiple regulatory and physiologic functions, glucuronic acid conjugates of bilirubin are biliary excretory molecules that in health do not have a continuing biologic life. Intestinal absorptive cells are devoid of recapture transporters for bilirubin conjugates, and their large size and polarity prevent absorption by passive diffusion. However, unconjugated bilirubin, the beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis product of bilirubin glucuronides can be absorbed passively from any part of the small and large intestines. This can occur only if unconjugated bilirubin is kept in solution and does not undergo rapid bacterial reduction to form urobilinoids. Here we collect, and in some cases reinterpret, experimental and clinical evidence to show that in addition to the well-known occurrence in newborns, enterohepatic cycling of unconjugated bilirubin can reappear in adult life. This happens as a result of several common conditions, particularly associated with bile salt leakage from the small intestine, the most notable ileal dysfunction resulting from any medical or surgical cause. We propose that when present in excess, colonic bile salts solubilize unconjugated bilirubin, delay urobilinoid formation, prevent calcium complexing of unconjugated bilirubin and promote passive absorption of unconjugated bilirubin from the large intestine. Following uptake, reconjugation, and resecretion into bile, this source of 'hyperbilirubinbilia' may be the important pathophysiological risk factor for 'black' pigment gallstone formation in predisposed adult humans.     

Abdominal CT following liver transplantation

Computed tomography (CT) is one of several imaging modalities employed in the evaluation of complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Abdominal CT scans were performed in 92 (48%) of the first 190 liver transplant patients at our institution. These studies were retrospectively reviewed to determine the indications for CT in this population and to determine the incidences of the various CT findings. The major indication (70%) was detection of bile leakage, hemorrhage, or abscess. The role of CT was primarily to discover such abnormal fluid collections and guide their percutaneous drainage. This article describes a wide spectrum of common and uncommon findings following liver transplantation and illustrates their CT features.     

高龄胆总管结石患者内镜治疗

目的 探讨高龄胆总管结石患者内镜治疗的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院、北京市消化疾病中心2005年9月至2006年9月70岁以上胆总管结石患者内镜治疗的结石取净率和并发症发生率.结果 67例胆总管结石中,43例取净结石,结石取净率64.18%.发生近期并发症4例,并发症发生率8.9%.结论高龄患者胆总管结石内镜治疗是安全、有效的治疗手段;高龄胆总管结石患者合并胆系感染应首先置入鼻胆引流管引流,待感染控制、一般情况改善后内镜下切开取石;难治性胆总管结石或预计治疗时间较长患者无法耐受者,可内镜下置入胆管支架.     

内镜在胆道损伤诊断与治疗中的价值

目的探讨内镜在胆道损伤诊断与治疗中的价值。方法通过Medline(1996—2004)光盘检索有关内镜诊断与治疗胆道损伤的文献。结果在胆道损伤诊断中，内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)可以明确胆道损伤的部位及程度。在胆道损伤的治疗方面，各种内镜治疗方法的合理应用，对小范围的主胆管缺损、胆囊管残端漏、小范围的胆道狭窄等病变能获得较好的治疗效果，而主胆管横断、大范围胆道狭窄的内镜冶疗效果较差。结论内镜是一种胆道损伤诊断与治疗的基本方法，在治疗方面，其适应证的把握是重要的。     

Management of suspected thyroglossal duct cysts

Aim of study

The aim of this study was to evaluate management of children with an anterior midline neck swelling by establishing 1) whether a preoperative ultrasound scan (USS) was appropriately requested, performed and reported; 2) whether there was preoperative infection; 3) whether a Sistrunk procedure was performed; 4) the rate of thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) recurrence following simple excision vs. Sistrunk procedure.