关节镜下采用四股和八股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的比较关节镜下采用四股和八股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带的临床效果。方法2001年9月至2002年8月,将76例陈旧性前十字韧带损伤患者随机分为两组进行双束重建。一组采用四股腘绳肌肌腱移植物:取同侧半腱肌肌腱,做成两个两股肌腱移植物,分别重建前十字韧带前、后束;一组采用八股腘绳肌肌腱移植物:取同侧半腱肌肌腱做成一个四股肌腱移植物重建前束,取同侧股薄肌肌腱做成另一个四股肌腱移植物重建后束。按照IKDC、Lysholm和Tegner膝关节评分标准评价疗效。结果四股肌腱移植物组有33例、八股肌腱移植物组有35例获得随访,随访时间1～3年,平均16个月。四股肌腱移植物组KT-1000检查示,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异<3mm者25例(75.8%,25/33),3～5mm者5例(15.2%,5/33),6～10mm者3例(9.1%,3/33);轴移试验阴性28例(84.8%),阳性5例(15.2%)。八股肌腱移植物组KT-1000检查示,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异<3mm者33例(94.3%,33/35),3～5mm者2例(5.7%,2/35);轴移试验阴性34例(97.1%),阳性1例(2.9%)。根据IKDC检查标准,四股肌腱移植物组有29例(87.9%,29/33)、八股肌腱移植物组有34例(97.1%,34/35)为正常或者接近正常,Lysholm评分分别为(90.2±2.9)分和(97.3±1.7)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下采用八股腘绳肌肌腱较采用四股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带能够明显提高膝关节稳定性。     

关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折38例

目的探讨关节镜辅助治疗胫骨平台骨折手术效果。方法胫骨平台骨折38例，包括Schatzker Ⅰ型8例，Ⅱ型10例，Ⅲ型11例，Ⅳ型4例，Ⅴ型3例，Ⅵ型2例。常规膝关节镜检查，合并半月板损伤15例，前交叉韧带部分或完全断裂12例，内侧副韧带损伤7例，在关节镜监视下进行复位和固定。对于Ⅰ～Ⅲ型骨折选用松质骨拉力螺钉固定，Ⅳ～Ⅵ型骨折则应用微创法植入支持钢板。结果本组手术时间30～72min，平均40min，术中出血量均少于20ml。术后36例随访4个月～3年，平均15个月。术后3个月X线片显示骨折均愈合，无切口及关节感染、皮肤坏死或创口延迟愈合。术后3个月HSS评分：优28例，良6例，中2例。此期主要表现为肌力不够及膝关节主动伸屈功能较差。术后6个月HSS评分：优33例，良3例。结论关节镜辅助治疗胫骨平台骨折，有助于骨折的正确复位和固定，并早期发现和处理关节内其他结构损伤。根据不同的骨折类型选用不同的内固定，能较好地微创处理多种类型的胫骨平台骨折。     

Arthroscopy and microfracture technique in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum: report of three adolescent gymnasts

The aim of this paper is to report on three cases of symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum in adolescent gymnasts, two females and one male. In all the cases arthroscopic surgery was performed. During arthroscopy, loose osteochondral fragments were removed, the defect was debrided and microfractures were performed. All the three patients regained the full range of motion of the affected elbow, and returned to the high-level gymnastics within a period of 5 months. At 12 months follow-up, all the three patients remained symptomless and were participating in high-level gymnastics. A combination of arthroscopy and the microfracture technique is a reliable method with excellent short-term results in the treatment of the osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow.     

膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的关节镜治疗

目的探讨采用关节镜技术治疗膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床效果。方法1999年1月～2001年12月,对32例膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎,在常规关节镜入路的基础上,结合膝关节后内侧、后外侧和跨后纵隔入路,进行滑膜全切。手术时强调对膝关节后内侧室和后外侧室病变滑膜的彻底切除,同时通过辅助切口切除关节外病变组织。术后进行系统的康复训练。通过13～47个月的随访,了解患膝疼痛、肿胀、活动度以及患肢整体功能康复情况。结果术后1年,2例有轻微疼痛,1例有轻度肿胀,均无关节积液;膝关节活动度平均为143°±5.1°。最后随访时,23例行MR检查,1例在内侧半月板后角底面与胫骨平台之间的憩室内发现复发,影像学复发率为4.35%(1/23),但患者无主观症状;其余患者在MRI上无复发现象。术前国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分为(63.4±5.1)分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(35.6±4.7)分。最后随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(87.9±4.9)分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(86.3±5.6)分。3例患者因前十字韧带功能不全,于滑膜切除术后3～5个月进行了前十字韧带重建术。结论通过关节镜能够完成膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的滑膜彻底切除,有助于滑膜炎的治疗。关节镜手术创伤小,     

Arthroscopic tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) arthrodesis

We describe an arthroscopic approach of tarsometatarsal arthrodesis for post-traumatic arthritis. Five tarsometatarsal portals (medial, P1–2, P2–3, P3–4, P4–5) are identified at the junctional points between the metatarsals by means of image intensifier. The first metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the medial and P1–2 portal. Articular cartilage is denuded and micro-fracture of subchondral bone is performed with an arthroscopic awl. The second metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the P1–2 and P2–3 portals and the third metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the P2–3 and P3–4 portals. The articular surfaces are prepared for arthrodesis. The articulations are kept in desired position and transfixed with 4.0 mm cannulated screws. The fourth and fifth metatarsocuboid articulations are rarely included in the procedure. Arthroscopic arthrodesis or tendon arthroplasty of the lateral column can be performed through the P3–4 and P4–5 portals.     

关节镜下应用微骨折方法修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究及临床初步应用

目的探讨应用微骨折技术对全层关节软骨缺损修复的效果。方法20只大白兔随机分为两组，在其右股骨内髁先建立全层软骨缺损模型，实验组进行微骨折处理，对照组则不予特殊处理。分别在4周和8周各处死10只实验兔，作大体观察、病理学检查和修复组织厚度测量。临床上对68例全层关节软骨缺损进行随机分组：实验组35例，关节清理后应用微骨折技术进行处理；对照组33例，仅作关节清理术。结果对照组只有肉芽组织和瘢痕组织生长，仅边缘有少量软骨组织生长，实验组在4周时大部分为软骨组织生长，8周已全部被软骨组织修复。术后平均随访8．6个月，Lysholm评分实验组明显优于对照组。结论微骨折技术是一种有效的修复全层关节软骨缺损方法。     

关节镜下运用4股腘绳肌腱同期重建前后交叉韧带损伤

目的 关节镜下运用Intrafix和可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱，同期重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）、后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament，PCL），评估其疗效。方法 ACL、PCL同时损伤的患者16例，关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为重建移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉固定移植物股骨端，Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定胫骨端，同期行ACL和PCL损伤重建术。7例行内侧副韧带修补，4例行外侧副韧带复合结构修复，2例行内外侧同时修复。所有患者按照国际膝关节评分委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee，IKDC）评分标准进行术前评估，均为D级。术前Lysholm评分为（36．5±3．7）分。结果 随访时间为12～18个月，平均14．6个月。终末随访时，IKDC总体评价：A级6例（38％），B级9例（56％），C级1例（6％），无D级患者。Lachman试验0～2mm8例；3～5mm6例；6～10mm2例（P〈0．05）。屈70°前后总位移0～2mm10例；3～5mm5例；6～10mm1例（P〈0．05）。屈70°后位移0～2mm12例；3～5mm4例（P〈0．05）。术后2个月Lysholm功能评分为（90．4±2．9）分，终末随访时为（93．4±3．5）分，与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉、Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定股骨胫骨端同期重建ACL和PCL损伤，有利于早期积极的功能康复，膝关节功能恢复满意。     

关节镜下膝关节结核性滑膜炎的治疗(附10例报告)

目的探讨关节镜下结核性滑膜炎的特点和滑膜切除术的效果. 方法选择10例结核性滑膜炎,行关节镜下滑膜切除手术和活检.术后配合关节腔注射异烟肼和全身抗结核治疗. 结果所有病人随访6月～3年,术后第2天行CPM关节功能锻炼,9例膝关节屈曲从手术前90°±5°平均提高到120°±14°,伸直受限从手术前20°±3°提高到5°±1°,手术前后比较差异有显著性(t值分别为6.9、 6.3,P<0.01),JOA评分术前(44±8)分,术后(82±10)分(t=8.47,P<0.01),所有病人2个月后关节肿胀减轻,随访期间内无病变复发. 结论关节镜下切除滑膜和清理结核性肉芽组织,改善软骨营养,结合药物治疗可有效控制病情,改善关节功能.     

Arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament with quadrupled hamstring tendon

Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 knees with PCL tears in 49 patients were verified with arthroscope in this department. Of them, 13 were combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears, 14 with disruptions of the posterolateral comer, 6 with ruptures of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament, 9 with lateral meniscus tears, 5 with medial meniscus tears and 2 with popliteal vascular tears. All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single-bundie of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscope. Biodegradable interference screws or blunt titanium interference screws were used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament. Results： After operation, no severe complications occurred at early stage in the 49 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-52 months with an average of 22. 0 months ＋ 10. 7 months. Lysholm score was remarkably improved from 30-60 （ mean： 47.96 ＋ 8. 16） preoperatively to 70-95 （ mean： 89. 08 ＋ 6. 10 ） at the last postoperative follow-up （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） score from abnormal （ Grade C） in 10 knees and severely abnormal （Grade D ） in 39 preoperatively to normal （ Grade A ） in 20, nearly normal （ Grade B） in 24 and abnormal in 5 at the last follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 40 returned to the same activity level as before and 9 were under the level. Conclusions： Single-bundle reconstruction of PCL with quadrupled hamstring tendons has the advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.     

关节镜膝关节清理术治疗中重度软骨退变的膝骨关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下膝关节清理术治疗中重度软骨退变的膝骨关节炎的效果. 方法采用关节镜下膝关节清理术联合术后康复训练治疗17例(21膝)中重度软骨退变的膝关节骨关节炎. 结果手术时间55～100 min,平均75 min.无并发症发生.术后住院15～20 d,平均13 d.术中关节被动活动范围0°～120°,术后关节活动度0°～110°.随访5～36个月,平均21个月,良好6例(8膝),尚可9例(11膝),差2例(2膝).关节活动范围0°～120°结论关节镜下膝关节清理术对中重度软骨退变的膝关节骨关节炎有一定的治疗效果.