美安颗粒治疗黄褐斑的效果观察

目的 评价美安颗粒治疗黄褐斑的效果和安全性,并观察其复发率.方法 将确诊并符合一定入选标准的黄褐斑患者158例分为3组进行治疗:A组54例,口服美安颗粒1次1袋,1日1次；B组51例,口服美安颗粒1次1袋,1日2次；C组(对照组)53例,口服安体欣3粒,1日2次.疗程均为2个月,评价黄褐斑疗效和安全性.随访1个月,评价黄褐斑的复发率.结果 A、B、C组治疗黄褐斑的有效率分别为58％、52％、60％,3组有效率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).停药1个月后,3组的复发率分别为3.3％、15.3％、10.0％.3组的不良反应发生率分别为14.8％、15.6％、7.5％.结论 美安颗粒治疗黄褐斑疗效明显,临床用药安全.     

连贯抗病毒颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱研究及含量测定

摘 要 目的：采用指纹图谱结合多成分含量测定，提升院内制剂连贯抗病毒颗粒质量标准。方法：采用HPLC-UV法，色谱柱为YMC-Pack Pro C18 （250 mm × 4.6 mm，5 μm）色谱柱，流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液，梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL·min-1，检测波长为280 nm，柱温35℃，进样量为10 μL；建立10批次连贯抗病毒颗粒指纹图谱；同时测定了连翘酯苷A、连翘苷和咖啡酸的含量。结果：指纹图谱中，共标定了13个共有峰，指认了其中4个色谱峰，并测定连翘酯苷A、连翘苷及咖啡酸的含量分别为13.22 ~ 18.05、2.432 ~ 3.540、0.271 1 ~ 0.342 8 mg·g-1。结论：本文通过指纹图谱定性、含量定量方式，多维度提升院内制剂连贯抗病毒颗粒的质量控制水平。     

清热解毒扶正颗粒联合西药治疗老年肺炎及对血清降钙素原影响随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察清热解毒扶正颗粒联合西药治疗老年肺炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将80例住院患者按随机数字表方法分为两组,对照组32例西药常规治疗;治疗组48例清热解毒扶正免煎颗粒(云南省中医医院制剂室生产,制剂批号:20031013。翼首草30g,芙蓉叶15g,鱼腥草30g,麦冬15g,太子参30g,丹参15g,等。每克颗粒剂含2.04g生药材),20g/次,3次/d。西药治疗同对照组。观测临床症状、体征改善时间、血清降钙素原、WBC变化。均1周为1疗程,连续治疗1疗程(14d),判定疗效。随访30d,观测血清降钙素原。[结果]临床疗效两组无显著性差异(P>0.05);症状、体征改善时间治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);血清降钙素改善治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗第5天起,WBC两组均有改善,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]清热解毒扶正颗粒抗感染作用显著,并可缩短疗程。     

脉络通冲剂抗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的实验研究

本实验用月桂酸溶液注射于大鼠股动脉，造成血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型，观察脉络通冲剂的治疗作用。结果表明：该品能明显减轻模型大鼠患肢病变程度和范围；显著降低血浆粘度和纤维蛋白原含量；抑制动脉血栓形成，内皮细胞增生及中膜和外膜的炎性细胞浸润。     

Neurotoxic effect of L-2-chloropropionic acid on primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells

L-2-Chloropropionic acid (L-CPA), when administered orally to rats, produces selective necrosis to the granule cell layer of the rat cerebellum which is delayed in onset, not appearing until 36 – 48 h after exposure. The present study was conducted to characterise the toxic effect of L-CPA in primary cell cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro. Exposure to L-CPA produced a time and concentration dependent loss in cerebellar granule cell viability. Mean 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) values for L-CPA toxicity were 18.3 ± 0.3, 7.4 ± 0.1, and 3.5 ± 0.1 mM for 24, 48 and 72 h exposure respectively. Exposure for 24 h followed by a return to L-CPA free medium for 24 h was more toxic than exposure for 24 h alone. Cells maintained in culture for a longer duration were more susceptible to L-CPA-induced toxicity. The toxic effects of L-CPA could be partially or fully prevented by concomitant exposure of the cells to putative neuroprotective compounds. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 (3 μM), afforded partial protection against L-CPA induced toxicity, whilst other glutamate receptor antagonists including, D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (D-AP5; 300 μM), D(-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (D-CPP; 300 μM), 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (10 μM) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 1 μM) were ineffective. The antioxidant, vitamin E (10 μM), afforded significant but incomplete protection from L-CPA toxicity. However when both MK-801 (3 μM) and vitamin E (10 μM) were present during L-CPA exposure, a greater degree of protection was observed than with either compound alone, although the combination failed to provide complete protection. Cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial transition pore, also provided partial protection. By contrast, the free radical trapping agent, N-tert-butyl-α-(2-sulfophenyl)-nitrone (S-PBN) provided concentration (1–10 mM) dependent protection against the L-CPA-induced toxicity, which was complete at 10 mM. Our findings suggest that free radical production may be involved in the mechanism of L-CPA-induced toxicity. Received: 30 November 1999 / Accepted: 23 December 1999     

Effects of male accessory sex glands on sperm decondensation and oocyte activation during in vivo fertilization in golden hamsters

Removal of paternal male accessory sex glands (ASG) could cause a delay in DNA synthesis in hamster zygotes fertilized in vivo. In view of the fact that this process is closely related to pronuclear development which, in part, depends on sperm nuclear decondensation and oocyte activation during fertilization, we carried out a series of experiments were undertaken to determine whether ASG also has an effect on these early events. (1) Oocytes were collected from females mated with SH (sham-operated control), AGX (bilateral excision of ampullary glands), VPX (bilateral excision of ventral prostates) or TX (excision of all ASG) males (n = 8 per group) at 4, 5 and 6 h post coitus. (2) Epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with total ventral prostate (VP) secretion to study its effect on dithiothreitol-induced sperm decondensation. (3) Histone H1 kinase activity in oocytes collected as described in (1) was determined. (4) Exocytosed cortical granules on oocytes were labelled with FITC-LCA and quantified by a Metamorph Imaging System. Results showed that sperm decondensation and resumption of meiosis in oocytes in VPX and TX groups were significantly slower compared with SH. VP secretion augmented sperm decondensation in vitro. At 4 h post coitus, the relative activity of histone H1 kinase in the TX and VPX groups was significantly higher than that in the SH group (p < 0.01). Cortical granule exocytosis in the AGX group was consistently weaker at all time points studied and was significantly lower than that of the control at 4 h post coitus (p < 0.05), while the percentage of polyspermic fertilization in the AGX group was significantly higher compared with that in the SH group (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results show that the lack of exposure of spermatozoa to secretions of the ASG does not jeopardize their ability to penetrate ova, although other aspects of their function in the early stages of gamete interaction and subsequent initiation of embryonic development are affected.     

Nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is inhibited by the novel AMPA antagonist ZK200775 and the NMDA antagonist CGP39551

Rationale Accumulated data suggest that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine. However, less is known about the role of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionate (AMPA) receptors in this context.Objectives To study the effect of the novel systemically administered AMPA receptor antagonist ZK200775 ([1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-morpholinyl-2,3-dioxo-6-(fluoromethyl) quinoxalin-1-yl] methylphosphonate) on nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and nicotine-stimulated locomotor activity (LMA) and particularly the relative role of NMDA and AMPA receptors in nicotine-stimulated DA release and LMA.Methods Male Wistar rats were administered ZK200775, CGP39551 or NBQX 30 min prior to nicotine and DA release and LMA was measured using in vivo microdialysis or photocell equipped activity boxes. Glutamate-produced neurotoxicity in cultured brain cells and binding assays were performed to determine the glutamate receptor subtype selectivity and affinity to nicotine receptors of ZK200775, respectively.Results ZK200775 (3.0 but not 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg) significantly decreased the nicotine-induced (0.6 mg/kg) DA release in the NAcc and nicotine-stimulated LMA. ZK200775 (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/kg) alone influenced neither DA release nor LMA. ZK200775 showed 34-fold selectivity for AMPA receptors compared to NMDA receptors and no affinity to nicotine receptors. The NMDA receptor antagonist CGP39551 (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased both the nicotine-induced DA release and nicotine-stimulated LMA whereas the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (10 mg/kg) had no effect. Notably, CGP39551 and ZK200775 (3.0 mg/kg) displayed a different pattern in inhibition of nicotine-induced DA release.Conclusions Both NMDA- and AMPA receptors are involved in nicotines dependence-producing properties, although in a spatiotemporally differential manner.     

狼疮静颗粒对自发性狼疮小鼠肾狼疮样改变抑制作用的实验研究

目的 探讨中药狼疮静颗粒对自发性狼疮(NZB/NZW F1)小鼠狼疮样改变的抑制作用及其机制。方法 应用狼疮静颗粒、泼尼松及狼疮静合泼尼松3组药物,对3月龄雌性BW狼疮模型小鼠进行干预治疗6～12周,观察对各组小鼠病情发展动态变化、CD4^+、CD8^+细胞和CD54表达改变及对肾小球病理变化的影响。结果 中西药物均能改善系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)模型小鼠狼疮样改变的部分症状和血浆CD4^+、CD8^+细胞分布,抑制血清细胞黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)含量升高和外周血淋巴细胞表面CD54的高表达,抑制肾小球萎缩和系膜细胞的增殖,以狼疮静结合泼尼松组效果明显为优。结论 狼疮静颗粒能有效控制并改善模型小鼠狼疮样发病及进程,并能调节模型小鼠细胞免疫功能,抑制过亢的免疫反应,对狼疮样肾炎的病理变化有改善作用,结合西药后可协同发挥疗效并显示出疗效优势。