Anterograde transsynaptic degeneration in the deep cerebellar nuclei of Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice

Summary The genetically-determined loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) in Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice results in the loss of presynaptic afferents to the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). This deafferentation takes place between postnatal day (P)17 and P45, i.e. after the maturation of cerebellar circuitry. We examined the DCN of normal and pcd mutant mice by quantitative light microscopic methods to determine whether neuronal atrophy or loss in the DCN take place during and after the loss of their input from the PCs. Neuronal diameters in control mice were 16.4±0.72 m (mean±S.D.) at P23 and 15.6±0.64 m at P300. The respective values in pcd mutant mice were 15.7±0.58 m and 13.5±0.24 m. Diameters in 300-day-old mutants were significantly smaller than those in both age-matched controls and 23-day-old mutants (P< 0.001). Neuronal populations in the DCN of control mice were 10,167± 949 at P23 and 10,429±728 at P300. The respective values in mutants were 9,436±1,366 and 7,424±1,324. There was a significant difference of 29% [95% confidence limits: 9–45%] between 300-day-old mutants and age-matched controls (P<0.01), and a significant loss of 21% [95% confidence limits: 4–36%] in 300-day-old mutants with respect to 23-day-old mutants (P<0.05). The total volume of the DCN was 22% less in 300-day-old mutants in relation to 23-day-old mutants (P< 0.05). These findings support the idea that the stability of DCN neurons in the mature cerebellum depends in part on the synaptic input from PCs.     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置中心静脉导管并发症的护理对策

经锁骨下静脉穿刺置中心静脉导管应用于患,长期间歇使用化疗药物或静脉高营养,给患带来了便利。但护理不恰当会引起并发症的出现,常见的并发症有导管破裂或脱出、管腔阻塞、误刺锁骨下动脉,此外气胸及感染威胁着患的生命,并发症的出现给护理也带来了障碍。做好中心静脉导管护理能安全保证患长期建立中心静脉通道,有助提高患生存质量。     

顺行指掌侧固有动脉推进皮瓣修复指端组织缺损的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨顺行指掌侧固有动脉推进皮瓣应用于指端组织缺损患者的疗效.方法 77例指端组织缺损患者随机分为两组,对照组行指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复术,实验组行顺行指掌侧固有动脉推进皮瓣修复术,比较两组的疗效、术后患指功能以及并发症.结果 实验组的治疗优良率和术后患指功能评分均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组的术后并发症发生...     

静脉穿刺后两种拔针法临床对比观察

目的 观察病人对两种不同拔针法的疼痛反应及针眼出血和皮下瘀血情况。方法 对100例住院输液病人进行同体双侧手背同部位静脉穿刺后拔针对比观察,专人操作。左侧采用旧拔针法(对照组,用无菌干棉签按压穿刺点上方,迅速拔出针头);右侧采用新拔针法(观察组,迅速拔出针头,用无菌干棉签按压穿刺点上方)。结果 对照组疼痛反应发生率明显高于观察组(P<0.01);两组均能达到止血效果。结论 新拔针法能显著减轻病人的疼痛。     

顺行式阴式子宫次全切除术90例临床分析

目的 探讨顺行式阴式子宫次全切除术(ATVSH)的临床使用价值及可行性 方法 选取2008年1月至2010年12月90例在雷州市人民医院行ATVSH患者的临床资料,观察其手术时间,术中出血量、术后排气时间及疼痛、住院时间等指标 结果 ATVSH患者住院时间短,术中出血量少,术后排气早、疼痛轻、恢复快 结论 顺行式阴式子宫次全切除术安全微创,疗效确切,是一种新的手术途径和方法,值得临床推广.     

Inferior colliculus projections to pontine nuclei in guinea pig

The present study examined the neural projection from the inferior colliculus to the pontine nuclei in guinea pig. This projection has been reported in other animals, and our goal was to establish the projection in guinea pig, a commonly used auditory model. Ultimately, we wanted to determine if the pontine nuclei could be a component of the descending auditory system from the inferior colliculus to the cochlear nucleus. The anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was injected into one inferior colliculus of 10 animals and the pontine nuclei examined under a light microscope to detect PHA-L-labeled fibers. PHA-L-labeled fibers were observed in the ipsilateral pontine nuclei in 70% of the animals. While the majority of labeled fibers were smooth in appearance, a few fibers with en passant type varicosities (indicating synapses) were observed in the dorsolateral area of the pontine nuclei, adjacent to the lateral lemniscus. These findings do not support a robust projection from the inferior colliculus to the pontine nuclei in guinea pig. This is in opposition to findings in bat in which the projection may play a major role in modulating responses to sound.     

两种静脉穿刺方法对患者的影响

目的改进静脉穿刺方法,提高成功率,减少患者痛苦。方法将60例需要静脉输液的患者随机分为对照组和实验组各30例,对照组采用传统“三段式”进针法,实验组采用进针角度35—45°直接刺入血管法。观察两种不同穿刺方法所用时间、患者对疼痛的感觉及穿刺成功率。结果直接刺入血管法患者疼痛感觉轻于“三段式”进针法（P〈0．01）,穿刺所用时间短于“三段式”进针法（P〈0．01）,穿刺成功率（95．0％）高于“三段式”进针法（87．7％）（P〈0．05）。结论直接刺入血管法可减轻患者疼痛,缩短穿刺时间,提高穿刺成功率,值得在临床推广应用。     

静脉穿刺时咳嗽对患者疼痛程度的影响

目的观察外周静脉穿刺时咳嗽对患者疼痛程度的影响。方法将20例静脉输液患者随机分为甲、乙两组各10例。甲组先在咳嗽状态下行静脉穿刺,次日在非咳嗽状态下穿刺;乙组反之。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评价两组穿剌时疼痛程度,同时记录穿剌时血压与心率的变化。结果患者咳嗽状态下行静脉穿剌VAS评分显著低于非咳嗽时(P<0.01),咳嗽和非咳嗽状态下静脉穿剌时血压、心率比较,差异无显著性意义(均P>0.05)。结论咳嗽能减轻静脉穿刺时疼痛,且操作简便。     

逆行静脉穿刺的临床应用效果观察

目的探讨逆行静脉穿刺的临床应用效果,为长期静脉输液及浅静脉穿刺困难的患者提高手背浅静脉的利用率,以保护血管。方法随机选择静脉输液患者126例（正向和逆向静脉穿刺）,采用掌指关节附近血管进行静脉穿刺。结果两种穿刺方法对同种液体最大滴速无显著影响（P〉0．05）,对手的活动度及局部渗出、肿胀有显著影响（P〈0．01）。结论逆行静脉穿刺可提高穿刺的成功率,便于固定,增加患者的舒适度。     

便携式超声在院外急救困难静脉穿刺的应用研究

目的研究便携式超声在院外急救困难静脉穿刺中的应用研究。方法将2017年12月-2018年11月郴州市第一人民医院中心医院院外急救科接诊的135例严重创伤失血性休克患者,采用随机数字法分为超声引导组和常规对照组,超声引导组将超声引导技术应用于静脉穿刺过粒,包含有操作前静脉血管评估,操作时实施引导,操作后进行确认评估。常规对照组则采用常规触摸或者触摸不到依据解剖学血管走向进行言穿。对照两组巧一次性穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、并发症发生率进行比较。结果超声引导组一次性穿刺成功率为88.06%,穿刺时间及并发症发生率小于常规对照组。结论在院外急救中使用便携式超声引导静脉穿刺可以提高穿刺成功率。