Topographical,Autobiographical and Semantic Memory in a Patient with Bilateral Mesial Temporal and Retrosplenial Infarction

The relationship between clinical symptoms and neurocognitive impairment has been a growing interest in the field of schizophrenia research. We review the empirical evidence for whether some schizophrenia symptoms can be viewed as expressions of disordered executive functioning. A specific focus of our review is Frith’s (1992) neurocognitive theory of negative symptoms, and whether this theory is supported by studies of executive functioning in schizophrenia. The current trend towards viewing executive functioning in terms of fractionable cognitive processes is discussed. Difficulties with traditional clinical measures (e.g. the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WCST) in separating these processes are highlighted. Neurocognitive studies of schizophrenia are then reviewed in terms of this fractionated view of executive processes. We conclude that a more specific approach to executive functioning deficits in schizophrenia using more selective measures is needed before stronger conclusions can be drawn about their relationship to clinical symptoms.     

Differences in awareness between persons with left and right hemispheric stroke

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any differences in awareness of ability between persons with left and right hemispheric stroke. Methods: The sample consisted of data from the Assessment of Awareness of Ability (A³) database, primarily consisting of clients admitted to occupational therapy services. In total the study included 183 data records from clients, 78 with left and 105 with right hemispheric stroke. Awareness of ability was assessed using the Assessment of Awareness of Ability (A³). Differences in awareness were investigated using t-tests, CI, effect size, and differential item functioning. Results: No significant overall mean difference (t-test = 1.31, p = 0.19) in awareness between left and right hemispheric stroke was identified. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were identified on three specific items included in the A³. In these cases, persons with right hemispheric stroke showed a more limited awareness. Conclusion: Persons with right hemispheric stroke have more pronounced problems with being aware of limitations in specific ADL performance skills compared with persons with left hemispheric stroke.     

Acute Kidney Injury in Adults: An Underdiagnosed Condition

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease process that is increasingly common and has an increased rate of adverse outcomes and mortality. It is commonly underdiagnosed in inpatient and community settings by many providers. This article is a comprehensive review of AKI from risk factors to diagnosis to management and follow-up.     

Self-injection of intravenous carbolic acid and multiorgan failure

Intravenous self-injection of phenol resulting in multi-organ failure is reported. The case is discussed, because of the unique nature of exposure to phenol and rapid involvement of multiple organ systems including the central nervous,pulmonary, renal and hematological systems.     

Torsion of para-ovarian cyst

Torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain. Torsion of ovarian masses is quite common and isolated torsion of the fallopian tube has also been reported in the literature. However, torsion of para ovarian cyst is rare. We report a rare case of twisted paraovarian cyst. Torsion of the fallopian tube and paraovarian cyst is usually seen in the reproductive age group. Physicians need to maintain a high index of suspicion for this uncommon and often difficult to diagnose cause of abdominal pain.     

预防冠状动脉支架术后低血压的护理

目的探讨冠状动脉支架术后患者出现低血压的原因及护理措施。方法对心血管内科2011年2月至2012年7月行冠状动脉支架术后发生低血压患者16例进行原因分析，并采取相应的预防和护理措施。结果16例术后低血压患者经采取积极的抢救护理措施，症状均于0．5～1．5小时内缓解。结论护士加强对术后患者的巡视观察，能及时发现和处理术后低血压的发生，对提高护理质量及提高患者生存质量具有重要意义。     

新昌地区0～5岁儿童急性下呼吸道感染的病原菌及耐药性分析

目的 调查分析新昌地区0～5岁儿童急性下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床抗菌药物使用提供依据.方法 对新昌地区2009年1月-2010年12月0～5岁住院儿童符合急性下呼吸道感染876例患儿进行痰液分离培养,做菌株鉴定和药敏试验.结果 共分离出病原菌303株,其中革兰阳性菌占49.2％,革兰阴性菌占40.2％,真菌占10.6％；革兰阳性菌中以肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,对青霉素耐药率均＞75.7％,肺炎链球菌对红霉素耐药率为90.5％；革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及阴沟肠杆菌为主,对氨苄西林、哌拉西林耐药率＞80.0％,而β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合剂则抗菌活性较好,敏感的抗菌药物为亚胺培南、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类.结论 由于儿科抗菌药物的广泛使用,使常见病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性日趋严重,应加强对病原菌及耐药性的监测,促进抗菌药物的合理使用.     

急性胰腺炎早期肠内营养研究进展

急性胰腺炎是临床常见的急危重症,病死率高,恰当的营养支持在机体高代谢及负氮平衡状态下可降低感染率及病死率,是我们一直关注的热点。过去,我们主张通过禁食让胰腺获得休息,从而改善疾病预后。但是,目前越来越多的试验研究表明,相比禁食早期肠内营养让胰腺炎病人获益显著。接下来我将从肠道屏障功能障碍、肠内营养途径、启动时间、营养制剂及营养量的选择等方面就急性胰腺炎早期肠内营养的最新进展作一综述。