Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents and bare metal stents in acute coronary syndrome

Compared with medical therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention has been shown to reduce the rates of death and recurrent ischemia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In the current interventional era, both drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS) have been widely used, despite the fact that the use of DES in the context of ACS was initially an “off-label” indication and that ACS has been associated with stent thrombosis (ST). In contrast to the wealth of data available for the use of DES in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, data regarding the performance of DES in non–ST-elevation ACS is restricted to a handful of registries with conflicting data. The aim of this review was to summarize the safety and efficacy of DES in the entire spectrum of ACS.     

急性心源性肺水肿临床疗效与X线胸片的相关性分析

目的研究急性心源性肺水肿治疗效果和X线胸片表现之间的关系,为临床评估疗效提供帮助。方法由2名有经验的放射科医师采用盲法回顾性分析48例急性心源性肺水肿患者治疗前后的X线胸片好转率,所得的数据做χ2检验,并用Kappa检验对2人评判的结果做一致性分析。结果医师甲、乙所得的结论均为:急性心源性肺水肿临床治疗后好转者,X线胸片好转率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲乙医师间阅片的一致性分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明甲乙2名医师对治疗前后X线表现好转与否的诊断结果有较好的一致性。讨论急性心源性肺水肿治疗过程中复查X线胸片,是评估临床疗效的一种有效的方法 。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性阑尾炎的对比分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性阑尾炎的疗效,总结其临床应用价值。方法选取我院2009年6月～2011年6月86例急性阑尾炎的患者,随机分为观察组(腹腔镜手术)和对照组(开腹手术)各43例,观察比较两组疗效。结果两组疗效比较差异显著(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎效果显著,具有无创、恢复快、出血少等优点,安全可靠。     

“120”出诊中急性左心衰的救治体会

目的探讨“120”出诊中急性左心衰竭的救治措施。方法回顾分析34例急性左心衰竭的出诊病例，均经过了病情快速判断、心理安抚、吸氧、辅助端坐体位、心电监护、急救药物治疗、正确转运等处理，少部分患者进行了电除颤、心肺复苏治疗。结果34例患者经过急救处理后病情均不同程度的得到了缓解，安全到达医院者31例，急救有效率91．18％。结论急性左心衰竭是常见的危急重症。提高急救意识、熟练抢救方法、医护担架工积极配合、完善的抢救设备是提高抢救有效率的保证。另外，与患者及家属的积极有效沟通也至关重要，可有效减少医患纠纷。     

基层医院间歇使用无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床观察

目的探讨在基层医院间歇使用无创呼吸机在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的作用。方法将48例COPD急性加重期患者随机分为观察组(无创呼吸机组)与对照组(常规治疗组)各24例,观察两组治疗前、1d后、3d后的呼吸频率、心率、血氧饱和度,7d后呼吸困难评分及平均住院天数情况。结果经间歇使用无创通气患者1d后、3d后呼吸频率、心率下降明显,血氧饱和度上升明显,7d后呼吸困难改善明显,平均住院天数缩短明显,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无创性呼吸适用于基层医院COPD急性加重期患者,经济且使用方便,患者易于接受,值得临床推广使用。     

Association between presence of pneumonia and pressure ulcer formation following traumatic spinal cord injury

Objective: To determine if the presence of pneumonia and pressure ulcers are associated in individuals with an acute spinal cord injury during acute care and rehabilitation hospitalizations.

Design: Retrospective, secondary analyses of data obtained from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems enrolled from 1993 until 2006

Setting: Acute care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation facilities

Participants: A cohort of individuals hospitalized in acute care (n?=?3,098) and inpatient rehabilitation (n?=?1,768) was included in the analysis. Frequencies of pressure ulcer formation and episodes of pneumonia were noted in both settings.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Outcome Measures: Pressure ulcer formation and diagnosis of pneumonia

Results: The development of pressure ulcers, including stage I, was 20.3% acute care and 21.1% during in inpatient rehabilitation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association of pneumonia with occurrence of pressure ulcers (P?≤?0.001, OR?=?2.3 and 2.2 respectively), the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades (P?Conclusion: A higher presence of pressure ulcers was found in individuals with pneumonia, after adjusting for injury severity, age, sex, and utilization of mechanical ventilation. Impaired inflammatory response and decreased mobility in individuals with pneumonia may predispose these individuals to develop pressure ulcers. Surveillance and preventive measures for pressure ulcers should be rigorous in individuals with SCI and pneumonia.     

Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis with kyphoscoliosis by the devised placement of trocar ports: A case report

IntroductionKyphoscoliosis, which is a deformity of the spine caused by aging and osteoporosis, results in various surgical difficulties for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) due to low-lying costal arches, such as a small abdominal working space, disturbance of the surgical view and decreased controllability of the surgical instrument.Presentation of caseWe herein report the case of a 92-year old woman with severe kyphoscoliosis who was diagnosed with Grade II acute cholecystitis. Taking her general status into consideration, emergency percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) was initially performed. After PTGBD, the patient’s physical status and systemic inflammation markedly improved. She then underwent interval LC. The surgical view of the upper abdomen including the gallbladder was entirely interrupted by bilateral low-lying costal arches with adhesion to the greater omentum. To access the gallbladder without interruption by the low-lying costal arch, the first umbilical port was changed to a multi-port with surgical glove and an additional port was added in the left abdomen. Consequently, LC was safely accomplished with the creation of the critical view.DiscussionA low-lying costal arch due to kyphoscoliosis can prevent surgeons from accessing the gallbladder. LC with the standard 4-port method could not be accomplished because of insufficient lifting of the low-lying costal arch. Devised placement of the ports is needed to access the gallbladder between bilateral low-lying costal arches.ConclusionA transumbilical multi-port and left abdominal port may be effective for successful LC of acute cholecystitis with kyphoscoliosis.     

Retour au travail après un accident coronarien aigu

BackgroundReturn to work (RTW) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important issue for the patient's future.AimsThe study aim was to determine whether RTW practice complies with guidelines or is delayed by failure in patient management. We analysed the factors influencing RTW beyond the 90-day period recommended by guidelines.MethodsWe conducted a survey of 216 self-employed workers admitted to the hospital for ACS using self-report questionnaires and medical examination. Factors influencing RTW, occupational and cardiac features, and recall and source of medical information were investigated.ResultsNinety-three of 216 patients did not return to work by 90 days, despite good cardiac performance in 30 cases (32 %). The mean sick leave duration was 93.3 ± 103.7 days. Advice concerning return to work was completely missing for 44 % of patients. Cardiac performance was independent of sick leave duration, but was correlated with the likelihood of RTW (P < 0.001). Patients assimilated about 70 % of the medical information they were provided, but only 53 % of work-related information. Recall of work-related information was better among patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility (65 %) compared to those who did not receive rehabilitation (P < 0.05).ConclusionCardiologists should assess the patient's cardiac performance within 2 months after ACS. Patient management should also include cardiac rehabilitation or therapeutic education toward improving information recall.     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者血浆Ⅲ型前胶原肽和单核细胞趋化因子-1水平的影响

目的观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者分别使用不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗后对血浆Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PⅢNP）和单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-1）水平的影响,探索阿托伐他汀影响AMI后心肌胶原增生的机制。方法入选204例急性心肌梗死患者,按照每天给予阿托伐他汀片的剂量将患者随机分为A1组（20 mg,每天1次,n=40）,A2组（40 mg,每天1次,n=45）、A3组（80 mg,每天1次,n=39）和阳性对照组（P组,n=40）、另入选冠状动脉造影正常的健康人30例作为对照组（C组）;用药前及用药后1、2、4周分别测定PⅢNP、MCP-1水平。结果用药2周后A1、A2和A3组PⅢNP、MCP-1水平较用药前有明显下降,其中A2组明显低于A1组（P〈0.05）,A3组明显低于A2组（P〈0.05）,A3组较A1组有显著下降（P〈0.01）;A1、A2、A3组和P组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。服药后2周A1、A2和A3组PⅢNP和MCP-1水平之间呈显著正相关（r分别为0.25、0.59和0.62,P〈0.01）。结论阿托伐他汀能降低血脂正常急性心肌梗死患者血浆Ⅲ型前胶原肽和单核细胞趋化因子-1水平,且呈剂量依赖性。