显微外科手术治疗大型听神经瘤

我科自1996年以来，收治直径〉3cm的大型、巨大型听神经瘤病人40例，采用乙状窦后入路及显微外科手术切除肿瘤，获得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛甲基化检测

目的 探讨P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛在膀胱移行细胞癌中甲基化状态及其临床意义。方法 应用甲基化特异性PCR（methylation—specific PCR，MSP）方法检测40例膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因甲基化程度，χ^2检验分析其甲基化程度与膀胱癌病理分级分期间关系。结果 膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14 5＇CpG岛甲基化扩增阳性化率分别为27．5％、17．5％、35％，而正常膀胱组织中均未检测到三种基因5＇CpG岛甲基化。P16、P14基因甲基化与膀胱癌病理分级分期有显著性差异（P〈0．05），P15基因则没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 P16、P15、P14基因在膀胱癌组织中的甲基化率较高，三种抑癌基因5＇CpG岛异常高甲基化，在膀胱癌的发生、发展中具有重要作用。     

20例食管癌肉瘤临床病理分析

食管癌肉瘤(carcinosocoma)少见。文献对其组织来源性质认识不一[1-4],因此又称为鳞癌伴梭形细胞间质、假肉瘤、梭形细胞癌、息肉状癌等。本院自1990~2002年共诊断20例食管癌肉瘤,统计资料均经复核证实,现报道如下。1资料和方法1.1临床资料1990~2002年我院共收治食管癌肉瘤20例     

岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损28例疗效分析

为探讨部分岛状皮瓣在手部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用,对28例手部皮肤软组织缺损临床应用岛状皮瓣修复.结果,皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～12个月,皮瓣血运、弹性、质地及外形良好.根据手部损伤情况选择合适的皮瓣进行创面修复,术后手部外形及功能恢复满意.     

拇趾背皮瓣在手指背电烧伤中的临床应用

在市区级医院做这样复杂的手术是本刊选登此文的理由。但要提醒读者，不要忘记显微外科手术适应证选择的三大原则，即在效果相同情况下能用简单手术就不用复杂的显微外科手术；能用邻近组织就不用游离组织移植．只能用次要部位组织修复重要部位组织。如本文中有10例拇指背软组织缺损，可选用示指背（桡）侧岛状皮瓣（可带肌腱）、示指背侧转移皮瓣、第一掌骨背侧皮瓣或桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣等，无论从手术成功率、皮瓣功能和外观都比游离躅趾背皮瓣更合适。对另外10例手部较小皮肤缺损，选用邻指皮瓣或邻指翻转筋膜瓣修复；较大皮肤缺损可选用掌背（尺、桡侧）岛状皮瓣、手部皮神经营养血管皮瓣、手指侧方皮瓣等修复。也可用传统皮瓣修复。王澍寰院士在“指端植皮的选择与晚期疗效”中曾说。很多邻指皮瓣的边缘与正常皮肤已融为一体，几乎找不出植皮所在，说明手部皮瓣在外形上具有其他植皮无可比拟的优点。[编者按]     

AAI起搏心电图

AAI起搏系单腔心房起搏，属于重要的生理性起搏。近年来，我国AAI起搏器植入量有逐渐增多的趋势，目前约占起搏器植入总量的10％～15％。因此，AAI起搏心电图也随之增多．成为起搏心电图的重要内容。     

伴有LADD综合征的角膜缘干细胞缺乏

泪管-耳-牙-指（趾）（LADD）综合征是一种具有多种表现的常染色体显性遗传疾病。最初在1967年由Levy报道。1例双侧泪液系统缺失、杯状耳、干嘴，以及牙、手臂和指（趾）异常的单发病例。之后一些新发现的临床表现，如肾脏异常、唾液腺缺乏、先天性髋脱位、先天性裂孔疝和横膈疝、感觉性耳聋和传导性耳聋、牙发育不全、四肢异常、口腔干燥和眼干都被报道与此综合征有关。     

乳腺癌乳房部分切除术后即刻背阔肌肌皮瓣重建乳房的临床应用

Objective To study the immediate conservative breast surgical reconstruction by trans-ferring the same lateral latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flap (LDM) for the treatment of stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ breast cancer, combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Breast cancer patients in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ with pathological diagnosis by core needle biopsy, had undergone immediate conservative breast reconstruction surgery with transferring the latissimus dorsal myocutaneous (LDM). We scored the reconstructed breast twice at one month after operation and completion of radiation. The final score was decided using the mean value of the twice evaluating score. Kaplan-Meier survival was used to analyze the survival of 18 cases with traditional mastectomy. Results The tumor size ranged from 30 mm to 55 mm before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and ranged from 25mm to 45 mm after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median weight of the tumor specimens in breast conservative operation was 140 g (90 g to 220 g). A-mong the 18 patients, 16 cases had more than 3 scores with satisfied cosmetics (93.33 % ). Dorsal subcu-taneous seroma in donation area was observed in 5 of 18 patients (27.78 %) and dorsal incision dehiscence was observed in 2 of 18 patients (11.11%). None of the patients developed recurrence except that 1 pa-tient (5.55 %) had distance metastasis (bone metastasis} in a mean 22-months follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve in breast conservation reconstruction patients had no different from that of traditional mastectomy patients at the same time. Conclusions Immediate conservative breast surgical reconstruction by using the same lateral latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flap is an effective method for stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ breast cancer patients combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which can increase satisfactory breast so that cosmetic outcome can be reached.