卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

软骨发育不全1例的影像诊断

孕妇27岁。孕8个月，行常规超声检查发现：胎儿臀位，胎头双顶径8．7cm，颅骨光滑完整，脊柱排列整齐，胸部扁平，腹部膨隆．网肢短小；测股骨长约2．1cm，肱骨长约2．0cm，胫骨长约1.6cm，羊水最深处约14cm。其双顶径相当于孕35周，股骨长仅相当于孕17周，二者明显不成比例。超声诊断：宫内单活胎，胎儿四肢发育短小畸形，羊水名．     

脑静脉畸形的MRI表现及其诊断价值

目的 探讨脑静脉畸形的MRI表现，评价各成像序列的诊断价值。资料与方法 搜集经临床手术证实的脑静脉畸形8例进行回顾性分析，所有患者均进行了常规MRI平扫及3D-MOTSA MRA检查。6例行Gd-DTPA增强T1WI，其中3例行3D-MOTSA增强MRA检查。结果 小脑4例，额叶、顶叶、枕叶共4例。5例MRI平扫引流静脉为长T1短T2流空信号，3例呈长T1低信号、长T2高信号。扩张的髓静脉为网状及条状长T1低信号、长T2高信号，增强扫描呈“海蛇头”样改变，即多条髓静脉呈辐射状汇入粗大的引流静脉。3D-MOTSA MRA检查显示部分引流静脉，髓静脉显示较少。3D-MOTSA增强MRA检查引流静脉全程显示，髓静脉显示数目多。结论 MRI能明确诊断脑静脉畸形的合并症，弥补脑血管造影的不足，3D-MOTSA增强MRA检查可取代脑血管造影。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT诊断价值

目的 总结分析女性输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征，以寻求和探讨鉴别诊断依据及CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析10例输卵管卵巢脓肿患者CT腹盆腔增强扫描资料。结果 10例患者CT均显示附件区厚壁囊性或囊实混合性肿块，肿块外缘模糊毛糙，增强多见脓肿壁呈厚壁分层强化及内部强化分隔。其他伴随的CT表现：子宫骶骨韧带增厚9例，直肠周围、骶前脂肪密度增高模糊9例，显示输卵管扩张积脓或积液的管状结构影6例，宫腔积液4例。CT观察到脓肿与盆腔结构粘连包括：肿块与子宫粘连者9例，与直肠、乙状结肠粘连者4例，与盆腔小肠肠管及盆壁结构广泛粘连3例；显示腹膜增厚伴腹水及右侧输卵管卵巢脓肿伴阑尾炎各2例。结论 CT除了能观察附件区囊实性肿块，还能显示相邻盆腔器官的受累粘连及盆底软组织或筋膜层的炎性浸润，能对附件脓肿做定性和定位诊断，对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合修补术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘

目的介绍腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合手术治疗直肠肛门手术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘。方法5例术后多次复发性直肠尿道瘘或直肠阴道瘘患儿，男3例，女2例，年龄3～13岁。腹部在腹腔镜下游离结肠，远端尽可能从骶前向盆腔分离肠管，近端肠管游离保证正常结肠能无张力拖至肛门处吻合。低位盆腔肠管分离通过后矢状位切口（肛缘后上1cm），正中切开直肠后壁，直肠内剥离黏膜至齿状线，直视下修补瘘口，近端切断结肠，将正常结肠拖出与肛门吻合。结果所有患儿排便功能良好，仅1例有轻度污粪，未见瘘管复发。结论腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路游离结肠、直肠，创伤小，视野清晰，避开了粘连紧密的瘘管分离，完整结肠拖出避免了瘘管的复发，后矢状路直肠切开能直视下显示并修补瘘管。     

8900例育龄妇女孕前TORCH感染筛查与治疗效果分析

目前认为,巨细胞病毒(CMV)、风疹病毒(RV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)和弓形体(TOX)4项病原体(简称TORCH)是导致胎儿畸形的主要原因,国内大量调查发现,在我国新生儿感染率高达10%。为做好优生服务工作,本站自2003年8月至2005年2月,对8900例已婚育龄妇女进行孕前CMV、RV、TOX、HSV、IgM抗体检测,并对阳性者进行治疗和优生指导,现将检测和治疗结果报告如下。1资料与方法1·1资料8900例育龄妇女为本市17个乡镇计划生育者,年龄24~31岁,其中城镇职工6240人,占70·11%,农民2660人,占29·89%。1·2方法应用金标免疫斑点法,试剂由北京康怡洋生…     

不同术式治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的护理比较

腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤是我科在1999年8月在国内首例开展的手术,现已广泛应用.针对该手术的特点,在护理上与开腹手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤进行了比较,使护理工作对两种术式的病人有针对性、有重点地进行.     

脊柱侧凸治疗中相关问题探讨：对胸腰段或腰段特发性脊柱侧凸是行前路手术还是后路手术？

随着脊柱外科的发展，参与脊柱侧凸治疗的医生越来越多，矫形器械不断进步，矫形手段不断增多。在脊柱侧凸的诊治中，也存在一些有争议和值得探讨的问题。如：对胸腰段或腰段侧凸是行前路手术还是行后路手术？对先天性胸腰椎半椎体畸形如何选择手术时机、芳式和入路？怎样使脊柱侧凸微创技术健康发展？如何掌握退变性脊柱侧凸的手术适应证？等等。为此，本刊特邀了有关专家对上述问题进行讨论，供同道们参考。[编者按]     

如何使脊柱侧凸微创矫形技术健康发展?

1995年Picetti与其同事首次采用电视辅助胸腔下外科技术（video—assited thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）行脊柱胸椎侧凸前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合、畸形矫正内固定术，1999年在欧洲脊柱外科会议上报告50例，2001年在美国脊柱杂志上发表。笔者于1997年开展扩大操作口电视辅助胸腔镜下外科技术（enlarged manipulation incision of vido—assisted thoracoscopic surgery，EMI—VATS）矫正脊柱胸椎侧凸，2001年采用VATS技术矫正胸椎侧凸。