Feature selection for motor unit potential train characterization

Introduction: Ten new features of motor unit potential (MUP) morphology and stability are proposed. These new features, along with 8 traditional features, are grouped into 5 aspects: size, shape, global complexity, local complexity, and stability. Methods: We used sequential forward and backward search strategies to select subsets of these 18 features to discriminate accurately between muscles whose MUPs are predominantly neurogenic, myopathic, or normal. Results and Conclusions: Results based on 8102 motor unit potential trains (MUPTs) extracted from 4 different limb muscles (n = 336 total muscles) demonstrate the usefulness of these newly introduced features and support an aspect‐based grouping of MUPT features. Muscle Nerve 49 : 680–690, 2014     

Risk of transmission of airborne infection during train commute based on mathematical model

Objective In metropolitan areas in Japan, train commute is very popular that trains are over-crowded with passengers during rush hour. The purpose of this study is to quantify public health risk related to the inhalation of airborne infectious agents in public vehicles during transportation based on a mathematical model. Methods The reproduction number for the influenza infection in a train (R_A) was estimated using a model based on the Wells-Riley model. To estimate the influence of environmental parameters, the duration of exposure and the number of passengers were varied. If an infected person will not use a mask and all susceptible people will wear a mask, a reduction in the risk of transmission could be expected. Results The estimated probability distribution of R_A had a median of 2.22, and the distribution was fitted to a log-normal distribution with a geometric mean of 2.22 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.53, under the condition that there are 150 passengers, and that 13 ventilation cycles per hour, as required by law, are made. If the exposure time is less than 30 min, the risk may be low. The exposure time can increase the risk linearly. The number of passengers also increases the risk. However, R_A is fairly insensitive to the number of passengers. Surgical masks are somewhat effective, whereas High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) masks are quite effective. Doubling the rate of ventilation reduces R_A to almost 1. Conclusions Because it is not feasible for all passengers to wear a HEPA mask, and improvement in the ventilation seems to be an effective and feasible means of preventing influenza infection in public trains.     

个体化培训治疗儿童孤独症

Autismbelongtopervasivedevelopmentdisorders(PDDs).Thereareneuropsychiatricdisorderscharacterizedbypatternofdelayanddevianceinthedevelopmentofsocial,communicative,speechandlanguage,andbehavioralproblems.Theseconditionshavetheironsetinthefirstyearsoflife,disruptdiversedevelopmentalprocesses,andareoftenassociatedwithmentalretardation犤1犦.Kanner(1943)reported11casesandnamedearliest“InfantAutism”.Gillbergetal犤2犦reviewthearticles,theyfindthepreva-lencegettinghigher.Theprevalenceis0.02%before…     

Lack of Benefit of Very Short Basic Drive Train Cycle Length or Repetition of Extrastimulus Coupling Intervals for Induction of Ventricular Tachycardia

Stimulation Protocol for VT Induction. Introduction: There are considerable variations of uncertain importance in basic drive train cycle lengths and degree of repetition of extrastimuli used in programmed ventricular stimulation protocols in different laboratories. We compare prospectively three different stimulation protocols to examine the influence of a short basic drive train cycle length and repetition of extrastimuli on induction of ventricular tachycardia. Methods and Results: Thirty consecutive patients who had documented ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation based on underlying coronary artery disease underwent programmed ventricular stimulation with each of the three study protocols. Protocol A used a basic drive train cycle length of 400 msec with each extrastimulus coupling interval delivered only once. Protocol B used the same basic drive train cycle length, but with each extrastimulus coupling interval repeated three times before decrementing. Protocol C used 300 msec as the cycle length of basic drive trains without repetition of extrastimuli. Sixty-three percent, 67%, and 63% of the study patients bad ventricular tachycardia inducible with protocols A, B, and C, respectively (P = NS). Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 23% of the 30 patients in all three protocols. There were no significant differences in the mean cycle lengths of induced ventricular tachycardia, the number of extrastimuli used, and the coupling interval of the last extrastimulus inducing ventricular tachycardia among the three protocols. Conclusion: This study showed no clinical benefit for repetition of extrastimuli that have failed to induce a ventricular tachyarrhythmia during programmed ventricular stimulation. A short basic cycle length of 300 msec was not superior to 400 msec for induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We recommend the use of basic cycle length 400 msec with delivery of each extrastimulus interval only once as the initial protocol for programmed ventricular stimulation.     

中药湿敷及盆底肌肉锻炼对痔疾孕产妇的效果观察

目的观察使用中药湿敷及盆底肌肉锻炼对减轻痔疾孕产妇痛苦的效果。方法选取我院84例痔疾孕产妇,均分为观察组与对照组。观察组使用中药湿敷及盆底肌肉锻炼,对照组使用1∶5000高锰酸钾溶液清洗温水湿敷。结果观察组治愈6例、显效17例、好转17例、无效2例;疼痛时间平均为5．38±0．22 d;肛周水肿时间平均为22．67±3．17 d。对照组治愈3例、显效11例、好转20例、无效8例;疼痛时间平均为5．73±0．25 d;肛周水肿时间平均为28．3±3．34 d （ P＜0．05）。结论中药湿敷及盆底肌肉锻炼可消肿止痛,促进痔疮的消退。     

康复训练指导对脑卒中恢复期患者生活质量的影响

目的研究康复训练指导对脑卒中恢复期患者生活质量的影响。方法选择重庆市永川区中医院就诊的急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,随机分为给予康复训练指导的观察组和常规生活指导的对照组,观察神经功能、精神状态以及生活质量。结果治疗后3个月,观察组患者的CSS评分（16．94±2．0r7）分、NIHSS（18．83±1．97）分明显低于对照组,MMSE评分（27．26±2．94）分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、认知功能和总体生活质量评分明显高于对照组。结论康复训练指导能够提高恢复期脑卒中患者的生活质量,具有积极的临床价值。     

Blade技术结合并行采集磁共振技术在上腹部的应用

目的评价Blade技术结合并行采集技术下对上腹部MRI扫描的运动校正效果和影像质量的影响。方法50个患者接受上腹部MR检查,分别使用回波链／K空间填充率对应19／100％．30／100％和30／175％3种不同的参数,并在呼吸门控下获取脂肪抑制的T2加权图像,后由两位腹部诊断医师对运动伪影、条纹伪影及总体澎像质量评价。结果两位诊断医师评价结果基本一致（P〈0．05）,3组参数条件之间运动伪影、条纹状伪影及总体影像质量都有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。与I9／}00％和30／100％两个争件下比较,30／175％条件下图像运动伪影最少（P〈0．05）,总体影像质量最好（P〈0．05）。结论使用Blade技术结合并行采集能减少上腹部MR图像的运动伪影,改善影像质量。     

Does ketamine affect intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in children undergoing selective posterior rhizotomy?

Objective: Direct dorsal rootlet stimulation with intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring is an adjunct to clinical evaluation during selective posterior rhizotomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ketamine on intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring during selective posterior rhizotomy. Specifically, we sought to determine if low dose ketamine given as part of the anesthesia was associated with changes in intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in patients who underwent selective posterior rhizotomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using anesthetic records and electrophysiological records of 32 children who had intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring during selective posterior rhizotomy under general anesthesia. Administration and dosage of ketamine preceding the stimulation of dorsal roots was determined from the anesthetic record. A pediatric neurologist, blinded to patient, and to ketamine exposure, evaluated different electrophysiological criteria. Results: Eight children received ketamine and 24 did not receive it. The mean average dose of ketamine was 0.18 mg·kg^?1 (sd : 0.04). We did not find any statistically significant difference in intraoperative electrophysiological response between the ketamine and the control groups. However, we noted some trends: Administration of ketamine preceding the stimulation of dorsal roots was associated with a lower maximal threshold (2.7 mA vs 3.5 mA, P = 0.663) and root thresholds compared with children who did not receive ketamine. In addition, the train response following delivery of the suprastimulation tended to last longer with the presence of ketamine. Conclusions: Administration of low dose ketamine preceding the stimulation of dorsal roots during selective posterior rhizotomy might be associated with lower maximal thresholds and a more sustained train response following stimulation. Physicians should be aware of this finding in order to avoid misinterpreting intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring.     

沪九直通车运行途中突发公共卫生事件的应对处置

〔目的〕提高国际列车应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。〔方法〕对2003年10月—2008年3月期间沪九直通车行驶途中发生的12起突发公共卫生事件应对处置过程进行回溯性分析。〔结果〕沪九直通车途中突发的公共卫生事件5起为疑似传染病;7起为急性非传染性疾病。11起卫生事件是按照《处置预案》规定进行处置。未对腹泻病人呕吐物和粪便进行检验,也未对上车后饮食情况进行调查。对呼吸道病人移交防护措施未见报告。〔结论〕加强铁路部门与检验检疫部门的联系与沟通。加强对腹泻病人的呕吐物、粪便实验室检查和流行病学调查以及对呼吸道病人移交时加强防护。建议对沪九直通车途中突发卫生事件进行分级化管理。     

青藏铁路客运值乘人员职业健康检查分析

目的为了解高原客运值乘人员不宜值乘主要原因,为确定该人群职业健康检查生理筛选指标提供依据。方法依据铁道部办公厅和劳卫司（铁劳卫[2006]49号）《关于进一步加强青藏铁路卫生保障工作的通知》,对1400名青藏客运列车值乘人员进行岗前职业健康检查。结果岗前体检中不宜值乘人员有142人,占体检总人数的10．1％。不宜值乘主要原因有心血管系统、血液系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、运动系统及妇科等方面疾患。进入高原后的适应性体检中有11人不宜值乘,总不宜值乘人员为153人,占体检总人数的10．9％。结论现行的体检生理指标较适用,可及时发现职业禁忌证,有效地防止职业性高原病的发生。