超声辅助颧弓骨折牵引复位的临床应用

目的：探讨超声辅助下牵引复位导板外固定治疗单纯闭合性颧弓骨折的可行性、准确性及临床应用价值。方法：对40例颧弓骨折在超声监测下钢丝牵引复位,同时根据骨折的方向调整牵引方向使骨折线对齐,导板固定2周后拆除。结果：全部病例复位成功,39例骨折端完全对位整齐,其中1例骨折端垂直向移位对位稍差,但术后功能及外形正常。结论：超声辅助下颧弓骨折复位具有复位疗效好、非手术复位,无X线辐射,费用低、美观,值得临床推广应用。     

改良单荷包四点牵引PPH在环状混合痔中的应用

目的比较改良单荷包四点牵引法与传统单荷包单点牵引法吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗环状混合痔中的临床疗效。 方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院普通外科收治的140例环状混合痔患者的临床资料,随机分成改良组和传统组,各70例,改良组采用单荷包四点牵引PPH,传统组采用单荷包单点牵引PPH。对两组临床疗效、术中情况、术后并发症及复发情况进行比较。 结果改良组与传统组治愈率分别为95.71%和82.86%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.048,P=0.014）。改良组切除的黏膜环的宽度（t=12.772,P<0.05）、黏膜环均匀程度（χ²=7.368,P<0.05）、痔核完全回缩（χ²=6.048,P<0.05）均优于传统组,差异有统计学意义;术后随访1年,改良组和传统组复发率分别为0.00%和7.14%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.185,P<0.05）;两组手术时间（t=1.081,P>0.05）和术中出血（χ²=0.085,P>0.05）差异无统计学意义;术后第1天、第7天的VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义（t_1d=0.731,t_7d=1.243;P>0.05）;改良组与传统组术后并发症总体发生率分别为8.57%和20%,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.773,P>0.05）;两组住院时间差异无统计学意义（t=0.335,P>0.05）。 结论改良的单荷包四点牵引法PPH与传统单荷包单点牵引法PPH相比,术中切除的黏膜环较均匀一致,痔核回缩效果好,治愈率高,复发率低,值得临床应用。     

脊柱定点减压牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床观察

目的 观察脊柱定点减压牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 选取2016 年1 月～2018 年12 月在我院治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者100 例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50 例。两组均给予基础治疗、针灸治疗及中频超声透入治疗。观察组采用脊柱定点减压牵引疗法,对照组采用传统牵引疗法,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,并检测两组患者治疗前后VAS 评分、JOA 评分、ODI 评分及突出椎间盘最大矢径（AB）。结果 治疗前后两组VAS 评分、JOA 评分及ODI 评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,治疗前后突出椎间盘最大矢径（AB）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组总有效率为86%,明显高于对照组的72%（P＜0.05）。结论 脊柱定点减压牵引治疗对腰椎间盘突出症治疗效果更好,临床症状改善明显,临床应用价值高,适合推广使用。     

正畸牵引联合冠延长术后桩冠修复外伤前牙的临床效果评价

目的：观察正畸牵引与冠延长术后桩冠修复前牙龈下根折的治疗效果。方法：选择60颗断端位于龈下3mm以上的外伤前牙进行正畸牵引至平龈后行冠延长术,分别记录术前、桩冠修复前、修复后3个月、6个月及12个月的牙周探诊深度（PD）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、牙齿松动度（TM）,观察临床效果。结果：所有病例术前、修复前、修复后3个月、6个月及12个月的PD、SBI、TM值均有显著改善,差异有统计学意义,TM在修复前明显增加,但随时间延长逐渐稳定。结论：正畸牵引与冠延长术、桩冠修复外伤前牙断端位于龈下3mm以上的患牙,取得较好的临床效果。     

IMI Pathologic Myopia

Pathologic myopia is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Pathologic myopia is distinctly different from high myopia. High myopia is a high degree of myopic refractive error, whereas pathologic myopia is defined by a presence of typical complications in the fundus (posterior staphyloma or myopic maculopathy equal to or more serious than diffuse choroidal atrophy). Pathologic myopia often occurs in eyes with high myopia, however its complications especially posterior staphyloma can also occur in eyes without high myopia.Owing to a recent advance in ocular imaging, an objective and accurate diagnosis of pathologic myopia has become possible. Especially, optical coherence tomography has revealed novel lesions like dome-shaped macula and myopic traction maculopathy. Wide-field optical coherence tomography has succeeded in visualizing the entire extent of large staphylomas. The effectiveness of new therapies for complications have been shown, such as anti-VEGF therapies for myopic macular neovascularization and vitreoretinal surgery for myopic traction maculopathy.Myopia, especially childhood myopia, has been increasing rapidly in the world. In parallel with an increase in myopia, the prevalence of high myopia has also been increasing. However, it remains unclear whether or not pathologic myopia will increase in parallel with an increase of myopia itself. In addition, it has remained unclear whether genes responsible for pathologic myopia are the same as those for myopia in general, or whether pathologic myopia is genetically different from other myopia.     

高度近视白内障患者术后疗效的影响因素研究

目的 比较综合性医院眼科与眼科专科医院高度近视白内障患者术后视力,分析高度近视白内障患者术后视力的影响因素。方法 选择在复旦大学附属华东医院及复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院进行超声乳化白内障摘除合并人工晶状体植入手术的眼轴长度≥26 mm的高度近视患者77例(77眼)。术前记录患者眼部生物学特征及眼底相干光层析成像(OCT)情况,并按医院不同分为2组,比较2组术后视力,并分析术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)与术前眼部特征的相关性。结果 眼耳鼻喉科医院收治的高度近视白内障患者更年轻、眼轴长度更长、合并的黄斑疾病更多(P<0.05)。所有患者术后视力均有提高(P<0.001),2家医院平均术后BCVA差异无统计学意义(P=0.805)。单因素分析显示,高度近视白内障患者术后BCVA(logMAR)与眼轴长度、光感受器内外节连接(IS/OS)不连续及合并黄斑牵引性疾病呈正相关,与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度呈负相关(P<0.05)。逐步向后多元线性回归分析显示高度近视白内障术后BCVA的独立影响因素为眼轴长度、IS/OS连续性及术前BCVA。结论 超声乳化白内障摘除合并人工晶状体植入手术治疗高度近视白内障安全有效,其疗效受眼轴长度、IS/OS连续性及术前BCVA影响。     

经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体视盘牵拉的临床观察

目的探讨经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术（PPV）治疗糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体视盘牵拉（VPT）的手术方法和临床疗效。方法选取糖尿病视网膜病变存在VPT的患者298例382只眼,设为VPT患眼;无VPT214眼,设为对照眼。对V胛患眼实施PPV。分别于术前对V胛患眼和对照眼进行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、裂隙灯、眼底镜、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）、经光学相干视网膜断层扫描（OCT）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）及视野等眼科相关检查,术后1个月、3个月时分别对VPT患眼进行复查,分析各组间BCVA、盘沿视网膜厚度、VEP（P100潜伏期、振幅）、视野改变的情况。结果VPT患眼视盘区域损伤严重,主要表现为大片增殖膜,玻璃体腔混浊,视盘隆起视杯变浅或消失等。术前VPT患眼组BCVA、P100潜伏期、盘沿视网膜厚度均高于对照眼组,P—VEP振幅低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=4．51±11．25,P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。术后所有患者玻璃体腔清晰,视盘牵拉解除,视神经纤维贴附,视盘生理凹陷形态逐渐恢复,视网膜脱离者均复位,视野检查生理盲点扩大或向心性缩小情况改善．视力较术前均有2行以上的提高。术前、术后1个月、术后3个月临近两时点比较,BCVA、P100潜伏期、盘沿视网膜厚度均逐渐降低．P—VEP振幅逐渐增高,差异具有统计学意义（t=3．59～9．11,P〈O．05或P〈0．01）。结论糖尿病视网膜病变中玻璃体视盘牵拉综合征的存在具有一定的普遍性和严重性．早期PPV可有效解除玻璃体视网膜交界面的牵拉,恢复视神经的形态和功能,对患者视野、视力具有较好的改善作用,对糖尿病视网膜病变中玻璃体视盘牵拉的早期识别和处理具有一定的指导借鉴意义。     

Ankle Arthroscopy in a Hanging Position Combined with Hindfoot Endoscopy for the Treatment of Concurrent Anterior and Posterior Impingement Syndrome of the Ankle

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic and endoscopic treatment of concurrent anterior and posterior ankle impingement with the patient in a prone position. From May 2009 to September 2010, 22 patients with simultaneously combined anterior and posterior ankle impingements underwent ankle arthroscopy in a prone position. Noninvasive ankle distraction was achieved by hanging the affected ankle on a shoulder-holding traction frame, followed by hindfoot endoscopy. The mean age at surgery was 22.6 (range 20 to 46) years. The mean follow-up duration was 15.4 (range 12 to 29) months. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores and Foot Function Index were checked preoperatively and at the final follow-up visit. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score increased from 62.6 preoperatively to 86.0 at the final follow-up visit (p < .05). The Foot Function Index improved from 45.8 to 17.2 (p < .05). Of the 22 patients, 18 were very satisfied or satisfied with the results, 2 rated their results as fair, and 2 were dissatisfied. No complications related to ankle distraction in a hanging position occurred. Ankle arthroscopy with the patient in a prone position with the ankle hung on a shoulder-holding traction frame combined with hindfoot endoscopy provided a useful method for treating anterior and posterior ankle impingement that does not require changing the patient's position from supine to prone.     

两种牵引方式治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效评价

目的　观察间歇牵引和持续牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法　将 180例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为间歇牵引和持续牵引组 ,在温热和中频电治疗的同时分别给以间歇牵引和持续牵引 ,然后测定治疗前、后的下背痛评价表得分 ,并对其评测验结果进行比较分析。结果　治疗前 ,A组积分 10 .8±4.45 ,B组积分 11.2± 4.17;治疗 10次后 ,A组积分 2 0 .7± 5 .5 3 ,B组积分 18.8± 4.16;治疗 2 0次后 ,A组积分 2 7.1± 5 .75 ,B组积分 2 1.3± 5 .3 3。结论　两种治疗方法均有显著疗效 ,间歇牵引的疗效引优于持续牵引