血、尿抗氧化物在小儿肾病中的变化

我们分别测定了44例肾病患儿血清和尿中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和维生素 E(VE),结果为肾病期患儿血 SOD 和血 VE 明显下降,尿 SOD 和尿 VE 却显著升高;肾炎性肾病血 SOD 和血 VE 降低、尿 SOD 和尿 VE 升高均比单纯性肾病显著;激素敏感患儿血 SOD 和血VE 比激素依赖和激素耐药患儿高,但尿 SOD 和尿 VE 却比后两组低。研究结果提示,肾病患儿抗氧化能力明显低下,尿中抗氧化物的丢失可能为其原因之一。     

实验性减压病兔血清NO和SOD的含量变化及其意义

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)含量在减压病发病过程中的变化及其在发病机制中的意义。方法　将 16只实验兔放入加压舱中 ,于 5 min内用压缩空气加压至 0 .5 MPa,停留 6 0 min,然后于 5 m in内再减至常压。分别于进舱前、出舱后即刻和出舱后 2 4 h,应用心内穿刺方法采血 2 m l,分离血清 ,避免溶血。应用硝酸还原法和改良亚硝酸法分别及时测定血清 NO含量和 SOD活性。结果　 (1)血清中 NO含量在减压出舱后即刻 [(112 .73± 15 .74 ) μm ol/ L]及出舱后 2 4 h[(117.6 0±16 .0 7) μm ol/ L],与进舱前自身对照 [(85 .33± 12 .6 8) μmol/ L]比较 ,明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。 (2 )血清中SOD活性在出舱后即刻 [(6 5 .97± 16 .5 2 ) NU/ ml]与出舱后 2 4 h[(6 3.0 1± 16 .10 ) NU/ m l],与进舱前[(85 .84± 16 .6 8) NU/ ml]比较 ,均明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 NO含量的增加和 SOD活性的降低可导致自由基生成增加 ,这可能在减压病的继发性损伤中起着重要作用。     

硒对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注的保护作用及其作用机制研究

目的 研究亚硒酸钠对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 将50只沙土鼠随机分为5组，Ⅰ组：假手术组；Ⅱ组：缺血灌注1天处死组；Ⅲ组：缺血再灌注4天处死组；Ⅳ组：硒处理、缺血再灌1天处死组；Ⅴ组：硒处理、缺血再灌注4天处死组。采用夹闭双侧颈动脉法制备沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注模型，焦油紫染色，光镜下观察各组海马CAl区神经细胞的形态变化，电镜下超微结构变化。同时测定脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量。结果 硒处理组沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注后，神经细胞病理形态损伤较轻，SOD、GSH-PX含量较高，MDA含量较低。结论 硒对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能和增强脑缺血再灌注早期脑组织中SOD、GSH-PX的活性，抑制氧自由基损伤，减轻脂质过氧化反应有关。     

大剂量地塞米松及SOD在实验性脑损伤中的治疗作用

大剂量地塞米松和ＳＯＤ是外伤性脑继发性损害药物治疗的新方案。本实验在豚鼠局灶性脑损伤模型上试用该两种药物，通过脑含水量、灶周伊文斯兰渗出、血ＣＫ、Ｃａ和ＬＤＨ含室及光镜和电镜病理检查等指标。     

白芍水煎剂对老龄小鼠抗衰老作用的实验研究

中药白芍水煎剂给予老龄小鼠灌胃(10g/kg),每日一次,连用4周。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、DTNB和TBA比色法测定红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和红细胞中及血浆中MDA含量。结果表明,白芍水煎剂能显著增强老龄小鼠红细胞SOD活性、全血GSH-Px的活力,而且可显著降低红细胞和血浆中MDA含量,故具有延缓衰老作用。     

Blockade of superoxide generation prevents high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor-mediated release of allergic mediators by rat mast cell line and human basophils

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that rat peritoneal mast cells and mast cell model rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cells generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to antigen challenge. However, the physiological significance of the burst of ROS is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of superoxide anion in mediator release in rat and human cell systems. METHODS: RBL-2H3 cells were directly stimulated with anti-rat FcepsilonRI alpha-subunit monoclonal antibody (mAb). For the analysis of human cell system, leucocytes were isolated by dextran sedimentation from healthy volunteers or from patients, and challenged either with anti-human FcepsilonRI mAb or with the relevant antigens. Superoxide generation was determined by chemiluminescence-based methods. The releases of histamine and leukotrienes (LT)s were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorben assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Similarly, leucocytes from patients generated superoxide anion in response to the challenge with the relevant allergen but not with the irrelevant allergen. Furthermore, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a well-known inhibitor of flavoenzymes suppressed the superoxide generation and the release of histamine and LTC4 induced by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb or by allergen in parallel. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both RBL-2H3 cells and human basophils generate superoxide anion upon FcepsilonRI cross-linking either by antibody or by allergen challenge and that blockade of the generation prevents the release of allergic mediators. The findings strongly support the role of superoxide generation in the activation of mast cells and basophils under both physiological and pathological conditions. The findings suggest that drugs regulating the superoxide generation have potential therapeutic use for allergic disorders.     

甲醛对小鼠肺组织超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量的影响

目的　探讨甲醛对小鼠肺组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的影响。方法　将 36只小鼠随机分成对照组和 2 0、4 0、6 0、80、1 0 0mg m3剂量组 ,采用静式呼吸道染毒 ,连续染毒 35d ,每天 2h ,染毒结束后将小鼠处死 ,测定其肺组织SOD活性 ,MDA含量。结果　与对照组相比 ,各剂量组小鼠肺组织内SOD活性均明显降低 ,MDA含量均明显升高 (P <0 0 1 )。且各剂量组之间SOD活性随染毒剂量的增加而降低 ,MDA含量随染毒剂量的增加而增加 ,但受试物组间经统计学比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　吸入一定浓度甲醛即可引起小鼠肺组织SOD活性、MDA含量产生明显变化     

IL-6对人精子顶体反应影响机制的初步探讨

目的:探讨IL-6对人精子顶体反应(AR)的影响机制。方法:采用BAEE/ADH法测定精子顶体酶的活性,以及通过FITC-PSA法检测精子顶体反应。结果:IL-6可诱导精子顶体酶及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,促进精子顶体反应;胞外Ca2+单独不能诱导精子顶体反应,且没有胞外Ca2+的参与,IL-6也不能诱导精子顶体反应;蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂calphC能逆转IL-6诱导的精子顶体反应。结论:IL-6对精子顶体反应有一定的促进作用,可能通过诱导精子的顶体酶和SOD活性等途径来实现,在此作用中,也涉及了PKC的激活,且还需要外源性Ca2+的参与。     

Effects of Activated Complement on Lung Fluid Exchange in Conscious Goats:Role of Superoxide Anion

The effects of zymosan-activated plasma(ZAP)on lung fluid exchangeand on superoxide anion production by granulocytes were studied in 8 consciousgoats with chronic lung lymph fistula,It was found that after ZAP infusion, thecirculating granulocytes were activated and the release of superoxide anions wasmarkedly enhanced. There was an increase in lung lymph flow and proteinconcentration.It suggests that the superoxide anion released by the stimulatedgranulocytes can play a role in inducing lung injury by the activated complement.