Analysis of ischemic cerebral lesions using 3.0-T diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance angiography after revascularization surgery for ischemic disease

Background

Cerebral revascularization surgery (CRS) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the treatment of complex cerebral vascular disease and tumors. CRS requires that the incidence of perioperative neurological complications should be minimized, because CRS for ischemic disease is often not the goal of treatment, but rather a prophylactic surgery. CRS carries the risk of focal postoperative neurological deficits. Little has been established concerning mechanisms of post-CRS ischemia. We used 3.0-T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to analyze the incidence and mechanism of ischemic lesions.

Methods

We studied the anterior circulation territory after 20 CRS procedures involving 33 vascular anastomosis procedures (13 double anastomoses and 7 single anastomoses) in 12 men and 8 women between June 2007 and October 2011. The operations included single or double superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA–MCA) anastomosis to treat internal carotid artery/MCA occlusions or severe MCA stenosis. A combined STA–MCA anastomosis and indirect bypass were performed for moyamoya disease. Postoperative DWI and MRA were obtained in all patients between 24 and 96 h after surgery to detect thromboembolism, hypoperfusion, or procedural ischemic complications and vasospasms of the donor STA.

Results

Follow-up DWI and MRA were carried out 1.8 ± 0.6 days after CRS (range, 1–4 days). Temporary occlusion time for anastomoses averaged 18.9 min (range, 16–32 min). Asymptomatic new hyperintensities occurred in the ipsilateral hemisphere of 2 patients on postoperative DWI (10% patients/6.0% anastomoses), and 1 moyamoya patient (5.0% patients/3.0% anastomoses) developed a symptomatic hyperintensity in the ipsilateral occipital lobe in response to the operation. Two abnormal small (<5 mm) cortical DWI lesions were caused by sacrifices of a small branch of the recipient MCA.

Conclusion

This study is the first postoperative 3.0-T DWI study of CRS and related clinical events. The incidence of symptomatic postoperative DWI abnormalities was restricted to 1 moyamoya patient representing 5.0% of total patients and 3.0% anastomoses. Although some postoperative DWI abnormalities occurred, CRS was found to be safe with a low risk of symptomatic ischemia.     

同期经尿道手术治疗浅表性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生的临床观察

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱电切术(transurethral resection of bladder,TURBt)同期进行尿道前列腺切除术(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)治疗的浅表性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析本院手术治疗的109例浅表性膀胱癌合并BPH患者的资料情况,其中采取TURBt同期行TURP治疗的患者57例(联合组)、仅采取TURBt资料52例(对照组),对比两组患者的手术效果就围手术期指标.结果 联合组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导尿管时间、术后住院时间均显著的长于对照组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后联合组的国际前列腺症状(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)评分、生存质量(quality of life score,QOL)评分、残余尿量(residual urine volume,PVR)测定值均显著的低于对照组患者(P＜0.05),联合组的Q max测定值显著地高于对照组患者(P＜0.05);术后24个月,联合组和对照组的肿瘤复发率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),联合组的尿道狭窄发生率(3.51％)显著低于对照组患者(17.31％),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TURBt同期TURP治疗的浅表性膀胱癌合并BPH虽然手术时间、出血量较多及术后恢复时间长较单纯TURBt,但是具有显著的改善患者术后排尿情况、生存质量及降低尿道狭窄发生率的作用.     

Increase in gastric acid-induced afferent input to the brainstem in mice with gastritis

Acid challenge of the gastric mucosa is signaled to the brainstem. This study examined whether mild gastritis due to dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS) or iodoacetamide (IAA) enhances gastric acid-evoked input to the brainstem and whether this effect is related to gastric myeloperoxidase activity, gastric histology, gastric volume retention or cyclooxygenase stimulation. The stomach of conscious mice was challenged with NaCl (0.15 M) or HCl (0.15 and 0.25 M) administered via gastric gavage. Two hours later, activation of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) was visualized by c-Fos immunocytochemistry. Gastritis was induced by DSS (molecular weight 8000; 5%) or IAA (0.1%) added to the drinking water for 7 days. Relative to NaCl, intragastric HCl increased the number of c-Fos protein-expressing cells in the NTS. Pretreatment with DSS or IAA for 1 week did not alter the c-Fos response to NaCl but significantly enhanced the response to HCl by 54 and 74%, respectively. Either pretreatment elevated gastric myeloperoxidase activity and induced histological injury of the mucosal surface. In addition, DSS caused dilation of the gastric glands and damage to the parietal cells. HCl-induced gastric volume retention was not altered by IAA but attenuated by DSS pretreatment. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) failed to significantly alter HCl-evoked expression of c-Fos in the NTS of control, DSS-pretreated and IAA-pretreated mice. We conclude that the gastritis-evoked increase in the gastric acid-evoked c-Fos expression in the NTS is related to disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier, mucosal inflammation, mucosal acid influx and enhanced activation of the afferent stomach-NTS axis.     

荜铃胃痛颗粒联合兰索拉唑治疗慢性浅表性胃炎的临床研究

目的探讨荜铃胃痛颗粒联合兰索拉唑治疗慢性浅表性胃炎的安全性和有效性。方法选取2017年7月—2018年2月在杨陵示范区医院就诊的慢性浅表性胃炎患者120例,随机分成对照组(60例)和治疗组(60例)。对照组患者口服兰索拉唑肠溶片,1片/次,1次/d;治疗组患者在对照组的基础上口服荜铃胃痛颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗6周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)水平及不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为81.67%和95.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VAS较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),ADL评分显著升高(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组VAS和ADL评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者PGE2较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),EGF水平显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组PGE2和EGF水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,治疗组不良反应发生率为3.33%,明显低于对照组的15.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论荜铃胃痛颗粒联合兰索拉唑治疗慢性浅表性胃炎疗效显著,可显著改善患者生活质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

A Retrospective Registry Study Evaluating the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Superficial Radiation Therapy Following Excision of Keloid Scars

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of keloid scars is associated with an approximately 70% recurrence rate at the excision site. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess keloid recurrence rates when superficial radiation therapy (SRT) was applied following surgical excision. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed of subjects treated for keloid scars followed by SRT (SRT-100™; Sensus Healthcare, Boca Raton, Florida) using a biologically effective dose (BED) of 30Gy and for whom the required retrospective data was available. Eligible subjects (N=61) were treated for 96 keloid scars with SRT. Subjects were male (48%) and female (52%) with a mean age of 38.87 years. Subjects were treated for ≥1 keloid scars following removal by sutured excision (93%) or tangential excision with secondary intention technique (7%). Almost all subjects (98%) received BED 30Gy with irradiation scheme of three 6Gy SRT treatments on Days 1, 2 and 3 following surgery. Mean energy of 100KV (73%) or 70KV (27%) were applied. RESULTS: Ten treated keloidectomy sites (10.4%) had recurrences (i.e., presence of any new tissue growth on the surgical scar) within 12 months increasing to 11 (12.7%) at 18 months. Kaplan-Meier survival probability cure rate was 85.6% from 24 months post-SRT treatment onwards. Transient hyperpigmentation was the most frequent adverse event and there were no malignancies in the treatment area during follow-up evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: SRT with a BED value of 30 Gy delivered to keloidectomy excision sites immediately following excision was well-tolerated and resulted in markedly fewer long-term recurrences than reported following keloidectomy alone. Most keloid scar recurrences occurred within one year. There were no malignancies during follow-up evaluations.     

彩色多普勒超声高频浅表小器官联合腔内探头对肛周脓肿的诊断价值

目的：研究联合应用彩色多普勒超声高频浅表小器官及腔内探头对肛周脓肿的诊断价值。方法选取2013年8月~2014年8月本院收治的78例经病理证实为肛周脓肿患者的临床资料,根据数字随机分组法原则,将患者分为两组,每组各39例。对照组给予常规专科检查(彩超检测),观察组联合应用高频浅表小器官及腔内探头检查,比较两种检测方式的检测结果。结果①观察组患者与括<肌关系符合、支管符合、主管符合、内口符合率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。②观察组肛周脓肿检出率为97.44%,对照组肛周脓肿检出率为82.05%,观察组肛周脓肿检出率较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③观察组肛瘘检出率为94.44%,高于对照组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合使用高频浅表小器官与腔内探头检查,能够提高肛周脓肿的检出率,诊断价值非常高,便于为疾病的治疗提供依据,值得临床推广应用。     

桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣在手指创面修复中的应用

目的:总结桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣在手指创面修复中的应用方法及疗效。方法:2012年11月~2013年5月,收治9例手指创面患者,其中男5例,女4例;年龄13~68岁,平均42.5岁。致伤原因:机器挤压伤4例,压砸伤4例,热压伤1例。致伤部位:均为手指,其中拇指1例,示指4例,中指3例,环指1例,小指2例,指掌侧创面5例,指背侧创面4例,创面范围1.5cm×3cm~3.0cm×7cm,单纯皮肤软组织缺损1例,其余均伴指骨骨折、肌腱损伤、血管神经等损伤,急诊一期手术5例,延迟手术4例;然后采用大小为2.0cm×3.5cm~3.5cm×7.5cm的桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣游离移植修复缺损;供区直接缝合。结果:术后皮瓣完全成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;供区切口Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均8.5月。皮瓣不臃肿,颜色及质地与周围正常皮肤相似,手指外形满意。手指恢复部分浅感觉,术后6月,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准中拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定,获优7例,良1例,中1例,差0例,优良率88.89%。结论:桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹游离皮瓣具有术后功能、外观良好的优点,是修复手指创面的理想方法之一。