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22.
管怀鎏 《南通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,17(4):46-51
现代市场经济运行中 ,厂商将其供给量调整到合理水平所需的费用可称为微观调节成本。由于存在微观调节成本这种特殊的经济运行费用 ,因而传统分析中宏观层面上市场就业均衡点的两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点” ,这两点界定了一个“市场均衡就业区间” ,社会就业一旦进入该区间 ,市场机制便不可能再对其作出调节。市场均衡就业区间的主要特点在于 ,其均衡是就区间外部而言的 ,在区间内部仍可以存在一定程度的就业失衡 ;市场均衡就业区间内部的就业失衡是一种特殊的就业失衡 ,市场机制对之无能为力 ,一般的宏观经济政策亦无法对其发生作用。市场均衡就业区间的存在对社会就业有着多方面的重要影响 ,它使社会就业对供求总量波动的反应呈现出一定“粘性” ;使市场机制对社会就业的调节空间减小 ;使政府调控社会就业的重点二元化 ;使个体经济在缓解就业失衡压力、扩大社会就业方面占有了特殊重要的地位。 相似文献
23.
Shunsuke Ohji Yosuke Kimura Yuhei Otobe Naohito Nishio Daisuke Ito Ryota Taguchi Hideyuki Ogawa Minoru Yamada 《The journal of spinal cord medicine》2021,44(2):262
Objective: Although the propulsion distance of a wheelchair is measured by some devices, measuring self-propulsion distance, excluding assistance propulsion distance by the caregiver, is difficult. This is a pilot study conducted to verify whether the propulsion distance of wheelchair users, excluding the assistance propulsion distance, can be measured using a cycle computer by attaching the touch switch.Methods: The wheelchair propulsion distance was measured using a cycle computer. We connected the touch switch and the cycle computer to the wheelchair to exclude assistance propulsion distance. We set the cycle computer to stop recording while the caregiver was touching the sensor. To confirm the propulsion distance using the cycle computer, the volunteer propelled the wheelchair on a rectangular facility with a total distance of 181 m, and the examiner confirmed the propulsion distance. The validation test to confirm the accuracy of the touch switch attached to the cycle computer was performed on a 50-m straight runway. The volunteer and caregiver propelled the wheelchair alternately by 10 m and continued until 50 m. The examiner confirmed the distance after 50-m propulsion.Results: In the 181-m rectangular facility, the propulsion distance that the volunteer propelled the wheelchair with the cycle computer was 180 m. In the 50-m straight runway, the propulsion distance was 30 m with caregiver assistance for 20 m.Conclusion: The present study showed that our modified device could measure the self-propulsion distance, excluding assistance propulsion distance in wheelchair users. 相似文献
24.
Sara W. Jones PhD Susanne Darra PhD Mike Davies Catherine Jones MSc student Wendy Sunderland-Evans Mike R. M. Ward PhD 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(4):1115-1125
Children of young and socially disadvantaged parents are more likely to experience adverse outcomes. In response to this, a unique young families’ project in Swansea, UK, was created, which drew together a team of multi-agency professionals, to support people aged 16–24 from 17 weeks of pregnancy throughout 1,001 days of the child's life. The aim of the JIGSO (the Welsh word for Jigsaw) project is for young people to reach their potential as parents and to break the cycle of health and social inequality. This evaluation analysed routinely collected data held by the project from January 2017 to December 2018 exploring health and social outcomes, including smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, maternal diet and social services outcomes. Outcomes were compared to local and national averages, where available. Data relating to parenting knowledge and skills were available via records of 10-point Likert scales, one collected at the start of the JIGSO involvement and one around 4–6 months later. Findings showed higher than average levels of breastfeeding initiation and lower smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy. Parents also reported enhanced knowledge and confidence in their child care skills, as well as improved family relationships. Parents with high levels of engagement with JIGSO also appeared to have positive outcomes with Social Services (their child's name was removed from child protection register or their case was closed to social services). This was a post-hoc evaluation, not an intervention study or trial, and thus findings must be interpreted with caution. Despite this, the findings are promising and more prospective research exploring similar services is required. 相似文献
25.
目的:探讨穿心莲内酯(andrographolide,ANDRO)对叔丁基过氧化氢(tert-butyl hydroperoxide,TBHP)诱导的椎间盘髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cells,NPC)凋亡的作用及其机制。方法:用TBHP诱导NPC建立细胞模型。将NPC分为5组:对照组、模型组(100μmol/L TBHP)、ANDRO低剂量组(100μmol/L TBHP+9μmol/L ANDRO)、ANDRO中剂量组(100μmol/L TBHP+18μmol/L ANDRO)和ANDRO高剂量组(100μmol/L TBHP+36μmol/L ANDRO)。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,ELISA试剂盒检测氧化应激相关指标超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)水平,JC-1探针法检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测动力相关蛋白1(dynam... 相似文献
26.
The gravity model, a method for analyzing transportation distribution in transportation engineering, was used to explain patient
trips between ten health service regions in a Japanese prefecture. The OD (Origin-Destination) tables were constructed with
zoning by regions, distinguishing between out- and inpatients. The observed trips were determined from the data of a survey
conducted in 1992 that reported the locations of patient residences and chosen medical facilities.
The base values used in the model calculations were the population size of each region and the road distance between the centers
of regions. Problems of intrazonal trip were avoided by setting a mean intrazonal movement distance.
This model was calibrated by the linear regression method with simultaneous validation by the index of correlation coefficients.
The model was found to accurately simulate the effect of distance on the choice of medical facilities and the differences
between the characteristics of in- and out-patients. The population value in use showed the relation not only with demand
but also the supply of clinical services. It was suggested that the model presented here was useful in the allocation of medical
resources and would help explain the relationship between suppliers and consumers of medical services. 相似文献
27.
目的 绘制中国1990年代死因回顾1/10人口抽样调查肿瘤分布地图,展示中国1990年代肿瘤的地理分布和区域性集中趋势。方法 利用1990年代的全国死因抽样调查数据,根据中国1964年人口年龄分布计算标准化死亡率,以中国1990年代数字地图为背景,在Arcview软件支持下,利用反距离权重内插法(IDW)预测非采样地区的死亡率数值,绘制肿瘤死亡分布地图。结果 现已完成全国1990年代肿瘤分布地图绘制,与填充法相比,IDW所绘地图死亡率分布边续且过渡平滑,显示出肿瘤地区分布特点。结论 利用IDW根据抽样区域数据预测其他区域数据,可以实现用抽样数据绘制全国肿瘤分布地图,结果仍可以较为准确地反映出肿瘤分布规律。 相似文献
28.
29.
Petru Matusz Nicoleta Iacob Gratian D. Miclaus Ana Pureca Horia Ples Marios Loukas R. Shane Tubbs 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2013,26(8):975-979
The authors report a case of a 44‐year‐old male found to have unusual origins of the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesernteric artrery (SMA) as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomograph (MDCT) angiography. The CT and SMA originate from the thoracic aorta (TA) 21 mm and 9 mm above the aortic hiatus, respectively. The median arcuate ligament (MAL) is located at the level of the L1–L2 intervertebral disc. The course of the CT descends in the thoracic cavity making a 14° acute downward angle in front of the TA; below the level of the MAL, the CT descends, making an angle of 47°. The course of the SMA descends at both the thoracic and abdominal level making an angle of 17°, and having an aortomesenteric distance of 9 mm at the level of the third part of the duodenum. In the present case, the supradiaphragmatic origin of the CT and the SMA was determined by their incomplete caudal descent, associated with a pronounced apparent descent of the diaphragm. A thoracic origin of the CT and SMA and the acute downward aortomesenteric angle (17°) associated with a reduced aortomesenteric distance at the level of the third part of the duodenum (9 mm), although no clinical signs are present, may predispose the patient to develop simultaneously a triple syndrome: the compression of CT by MAL (celiac axis compression syndrome), the compression of SMA by MAL (superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome), and the compression of the duodenum by the SMA (superior mesenteric artery syndrome). Clin. Anat. 26:975–979, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
30.
Yan Xu Guoyuan Liang Guangshu HuYan Yang Jinzhao GengPunam K. Saha 《Computerized medical imaging and graphics》2012,36(1):11-24
Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses is useful for the diagnosis of several coronary heart diseases. Being noninvasive, economical and informative, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has become a common modality for monitoring disease status and treatment effects. Here, we present a new method for detecting and quantifying coronary arterial stenosis in CTA using fuzzy distance transform (FDT) approach and a new coherence analysis of observed data for computing expected local diameter. FDT allows computing local depth at each image point in the presence of partial voluming and thus, eliminates the need for binarization, commonly, associated with inclusion of additional errors. In the current method, coronary arterial stenoses are detected and their severities are quantified by analyzing FDT values along the medial axis of an arterial tree obtained by its skeletonization. A new skeletal pruning algorithm has been developed toward improving the quality of medial axes and thereby, enhancing the accuracy of stenosis detection and quantification. Further, we have developed a new method to estimate “expected diameter” along a given arterial branch using a new coherence analysis of observed diameter values along the branch. The overall method is completed in the following steps - (1) fuzzy segmentation of coronary artery in CTA, (2) FDT computation of coronary arteries, (3) medial axis computation, (4) estimation of observed and expected diameters along arteries and (5) detection of stenoses and quantification of arterial blockage. The performance of this method has been quantitatively evaluated on a realistic coronary artery phantom dataset with randomly simulated stenoses and the results have been compared with a binary distance transform based and a conventional binary algorithm. The method has also been applied on a clinical CTA dataset from thirteen heart patients and the results have been compared with an expert's quantitative assessment of stenoses. Results of the phantom experiment indicate that the new method (error: 0.53%) is significantly more accurate as compared to both binary distance transform based (error 2.11%) and conventional binary (error 3.71%) methods. Also, the results of the clinical study indicate that the new FDT-based method (kappa coefficient = 87.9%) is highly in agreement with the expert's assessments and, in this respect, outperforms the other two methods (kappa coefficients = 75.2% and 69.5%). 相似文献