腮腺切除术中沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的效果及安全性

目的探讨腮腺切除术中应用沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的治疗效果及安全性。方法选取我院2016年2月至2019年3月收治的60例择期行腮腺切除术的患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组沿面神经总干逆行解剖面神经,观察组沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经,观察两组患者术后1个月面神经功能及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后1个月,两组患者的面神经功能分级比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组的术后并发症发生率为10.00%,明显低于对照组的33.33%(P <0.05)。结论临床行腮腺切除术中,沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经可降低术后并发症发生率,值得推广。     

脱细胞基质面神经修复材料的制备

目的 制备具有天然神经组织结构的支架,构建组织工程化面神经用于修复面神经损伤。方法 取家兔面神经,改良化学萃取法制备脱细胞神经基质,HE染色形态学观察去细胞及脱髓鞘情况,荧光分光光度计测定支架内细胞经Quant-iT PicoGreen工作液染色后的DNA含量。MTT法检测细胞在支架上的相对生长率从而检测支架的细胞毒性。结果 支架移植体呈圆柱形,弹性与正常神经基本一致,组织观察显示细胞结构未见残余完整细胞及细胞碎片残留,未见神经髓鞘及轴突结构,细胞外基质形成纵向排列结构,结构之间可见空隙。兔脱细胞面神经基质支架内残留的DNA含量较正常兔面神经明显下降(P<0.01)。神经基质供体无细胞毒性。结论 改良化学萃取法可有效去除面神经细胞,天然结构保存完好,细胞毒性低,可作为组织工程化面神经的支架。     

不同TGF-β表达量的hAMSCs尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的影响

目的探讨不同转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达量的人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的恢复作用。方法从健康剖宫产产妇志愿捐献的新鲜羊膜中分离出hAMSCs,并进行纯化及鉴定。构建上调和下调TGF-β表达的慢病毒质粒,并转染纯化的hAMSCs,构建出稳定的上调或下调TGF-β表达的hAMSCs。分离并剪去C57BL/6小鼠的部分坐骨神经,将SD大鼠的坐骨神经分离剪取并移植至小鼠的坐骨神经缺损处,构建出异种周围神经移植小鼠模型。将模型小鼠按随机数字表分为对照组、未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组、高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组、低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组,每组10只。各组于造模前1 d分别经尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液或相应的hAMSCs重悬液进行移植治疗。于治疗后第14天时采用DigGait步态分析系统评估各组小鼠的坐骨神经功能恢复情况。结果治疗后第14天时,高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组小鼠的坐骨神经功能指数(-25.820±0.286)明显高于低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组(-33.413±0.920)和未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组(-30.755±0.421),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs尾静脉移植能够更有效地改善异种周围神经移植小鼠的坐骨神经功能,其可能成为周围神经损伤治疗的新突破口。     

Diagnostic sensitivity of electrophysiology and ultrasonography in ulnar neuropathies of different severity

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying clinical severity in 135 consecutive patients.MethodsClinical severity of ulnar neuropathy was graded on a 4 point scale from very mild (symptoms only) to severe (marked atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles). Sensitivity and localization ability of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound were assessed for each point of the scale.ResultsUltrasound had higher sensitivity than electrophysiology in clinically very mild (20% and 3% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) and mild (62% and 47% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) neuropathies, had greater localizing ability in axonal ulnar neuropathies, and identified nerve hypermobility.Ultrasound nerve cross-sectional area had strong positive correlation with both clinical and electrophysiological severity scores, but with significant overlap across the severity groups.ConclusionThe diagnostic work-up of ulnar neuropathies was improved by using both electrophysiology and ultrasound at all levels of clinical severity. Ultrasound increased the diagnostic yield in very mild and mild neuropathies, localized all the ulnar neuropathies with abnormal non-localizing electrophysiology and identified nerve hypermobility.SignificanceThis is the first detailed analysis of the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying severity.