Tension-type headache in children: A clinical evaluation

BACKGROUND: Headache Society (IHS) criteria for episodic tension-type headache were included in the present study. Pain characteristics, associated symptoms, and stress-triggering factors were evaluated. Psychiatric and psychosocial evaluations were performed according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: Pain was bilateral in 93.7% of patients and bitemporal in 50% of children. The intensity of pain increased with motion and stress in more than half of the patients, while pain decreased with rest and massage in 43.7% of patients. Ten of the 16 (62.5%) patients were diagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder. The most common stress-triggering factors were difficulty in adaptation at school and relationship problems with family members. All of the children reported 26 stress factors. Of these stress factors, 20 (76.9%) were reported by children diagnosed with psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in children with tension-type headache a thorough psychiatric evaluation should be performed to rule out underlying psychiatric disorders.     

我院门诊病人处方中精神药品药物利用调查分析

目的 :了解我院精神药品 (psychotropicsubstances)使用情况 ,促进合理用药。方法 :采用限定日剂量和药物利用指数为指标对我院门诊精神药品的处方进行调查和分析。结果 ;平均药物利用指数在 1.0 0左右 ,用药时间大于 4wk的达 79.0 9% ,合并用药大于 2种药物的占 13.14 %。结论 :我院精神药品的使用基本合理 ,但用药时间较长 ,合并用药频度较高     

中西医结合治疗脑血管疾病30例

中西医结合治疗脑血管疾病３０例山西省中医药研究院（太原０３００１２）柏晋梅自１９９５年２月～１９９６年５月，我们用中药制剂川芎嗪注射液、西药脑复康注射液，治疗脑血管疾病３０例，收到满意效果，现报告如下。临床资料以中华医学会第二次全国脑血管会议第三次修...     

维思通治疗阿尔茨海默病行为和精神症状对照研究

目的对照研究维思通治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)行为和精神症状(BPSD)的疗效。方法对46例AD患者随机给维思通联合安理申或单用安理申治疗3个月,采用AD病理行为评分表(BEHAVE-AD),简易智力状态检查(MMSE)评定疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应,分别比较2组不同时间的疗效和不良反应。结果每组BEHAVE-AD分值均较入组时显著性降低,MMSE分值均较入组时显著性升高。2组比较,治疗组BEHAVE-AD分值较对照组降低更显著,而2组不良反应相当。2组MMSE分值无显著性差异。结论维思通治疗AD患者BPSD疗效肯定,不良反应少。     

Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Outpatients with Severe Mental Disorders: A Survey in Northern Italy

This paper presents a cross-sectional survey of subjective quality of life in a sample of 40 Italian patients with disabling mental disorders living in the community. The patients self-rated their quality of life by the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale. They were satisfied in relation to basic needs, such as housing, food or clothing and appreciated to some extent the services received, but were very unhappy about their income and their intimate sexual relationships. This Italian sample appeared less satisfied than most samples of people with severe mental disorders investigated by the same instrument in other countries. This may be related to the high level of psychopathology and disability shown by patients for whom survival in the community is in itself an achievement. However, lack of money and poor sexual life are common concerns of long-term mentally ill. How to address such problems is a major challenge for community psychiatric services.     

心理干预对突发性聋疗效影响的相关性研究

目的探讨心理因素与突发性聋疗效的关系。方法将150例突发性聋患者随机分为实验组和对照组，两组常规的治疗和护理方法相同，实验组则在此基础上首先评估心理状态并给予系统的心理干预，建立“共同参与”型的护患关系。结果实验组治愈率86．58％，对照组治愈率54．40％（P〈0．01），两组治疗前后心理状态经统计学处理，差异有统计学意义。结论重视在疾病发生发展中心理、社会、应激源等因素的相互作用，进行心理干预有助于突发性聋患者听力的恢复。     

Interaction of Sex Steroid Hormones and Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor‐Tyrosine Kinase B Signalling: Relevance to Schizophrenia and Depression

Sex steroid hormones and neurotrophic factors are involved in pruning and shaping the developing brain and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Sex steroid hormones are also involved in the regulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression. A review of the literature is provided on the relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and sex steroid hormones, as well as the mechanisms behind this interaction, in the context of how this relationship may be involved in the development of neurodevelopmental psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia and depression.     

Knowledge of the patient as decision‐making power: staff members' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient care

Challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient settings call for interprofessional collaboration, but the roles and responsibilities held by members of different professions is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe staff members' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in the context of challenging situations in psychiatric inpatient care. Prior to the study taking place, ethical approval was granted. Focus group interviews were conducted with 26 physicians, ward managers, psychiatric nurses, and nursing assistants. These interviews were then transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results described participants' perceptions of shared responsibilities, profession‐specific responsibilities and professional approaches. In this, recognising knowledge of the patient as decision‐making power was understood to be a recurring theme. This is a delimited qualitative study that reflects the specific working conditions of the participants at the time the study was conducted. The findings suggest that nursing assistants are the most influential professionals due to their closeness to and first‐hand knowledge of patients. The results also point to the possibility of other professionals gaining influence by getting closer to patients and utilising their professional knowledge, thus contributing to a more person‐centred care.     

Gender Dysphoria and Perceived Social Support: A Matched Case-Control Study

BackgroundIn people diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria (GD), low perceived social support from their families and society has been suggested to be associated with poor quality of life and mental well-being.AimTo compare the perceived social support in individuals with GD with that in individuals without GD matched for age and gender.MethodsThe study group (n = 50) consisted of individuals diagnosed with GD via psychiatric evaluation. A control group (n = 50) was created by matching volunteers without GD by age and gender. Sociodemographic data form, Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-IV TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to gather data from participants.Outcomescomparing the perceived social support, the total and subscale MSPSS scores of groups were calculated.ResultsThe presence of at least 1 psychiatric disorder was significantly higher in the GD group than in the control group, either lifetime or during evaluation (P < .001 and P = .025, respectively). The total MSPSS and family support subscale scores were found to be significantly lower in the GD group than in the control group (P = .001 and P ≤ .001, respectively). When the groups formed on the basis of gender identity (32 trans men vs 32 cis men and 18 trans women vs 18 cis women) were compared, only the family support subscale score was found to be lower in trans men than cis men (P = .005). In addition, comparisons within the groups formed based on sex assigned-at-birth revealed lower total, friend, and family support in those assigned female-at-birth and lower total and family support in those assigned male-at-birth in the GD group. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of GD was significantly associated with total and family support MSPSS subscale scores.Clinical ImplicationsThe findings show that perceived social support in people diagnosed with GD is lower, even when the presence of psychiatric disorders is included in the analysis.Strengths and LimitationsThe matched case-control design was the major study strength, whereas the sample size was the major limitation.ConclusionClinical care of people diagnosed with GD should include the evaluation of diverse sources of social support, efforts to strengthen family and friend support, maintenance of interpersonal relationships, and support of mental well-being.Kaptan S, Cesur E, Ba?ar K, et al. Gender Dysphoria and Perceived Social Support: A Matched Case-Control Study. J Sex Med 2021;18:812–820.