Two stages of programming eye gaze shifts in 3-D space

Accurate saccadic and vergence eye movements towards selected visual targets are fundamental to perceive the 3-D environment. Despite this importance, shifts in eye gaze are not always perfect given that they are frequently followed by small corrective eye movements. The oculomotor system receives distinct information from various visual cues that may cause incongruity in the planning of a gaze shift. To test this idea, we analyzed eye movements in humans performing a saccade task in a 3-D setting. We show that saccades and vergence movements towards peripheral targets are guided by monocular (perceptual) cues. Approximately 200 ms after the start of fixation at the perceived target, a fixational saccade corrected the eye positions to the physical target location. Our findings suggest that shifts in eye gaze occur in two phases; a large eye movement toward the perceived target location followed by a corrective saccade that directs the eyes to the physical target location.     

湿热环境下军队医学院校军体教学的综合创新与实践

随着新时期战争形态的发展,各种特殊环境下体能训练成为军队医学院校军体教学的主题,要求军校学员在具备充沛体能的基础上,更要具备各种环境的适应能力。目前环境适应能力的研究重点为南中国海、东海和东南沿海,这些海域属海洋性气候,具有空气中水分多、湿度大、夏季气温高等特征,而在这种湿热环境下学员的体能较常温下降明显,身体各方面的运动能力也明显降低。教学中对学员采用自然热环境训练,则存在诸多限制和不便,而模拟热环境训练则具有良好的可控性,为院校的5公里武装越野、形体和柔韧教学开创了新思路。     

生态环境与健康长寿老人相关性研究——文登100位健康长寿老人流行病学调查

目的通过对山东省文登市100位健康长寿老人生态环境的调查,探索生态环境与健康的关系。方法选取山东省文登市12个乡镇100个常住家庭100位长寿健康老人进行流行病学调查,收集其居住地空气、水源、气候、土壤等资料,上门走访健康长寿老人健康状态,用全自动生化仪检测长寿老人空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白——胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总蛋白、白蛋白、A/G水平及乙肝五项等生化指标,并对生态环境和长寿的相关性进行评析。结果文登长寿之乡地理环境优,空气、水源、土壤质量好,日照充足,温度、湿度适宜,四季分明。100位长寿健康老人FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平正常者分别占86.5%、93.8%、81.3%、69.8%和60.4%;肝功能良好,ALT、乙肝表面抗原均无一人异常;肾功能良好,血肌酐、血尿酸水平正常者分别占100%和94.8%。结论良好的生态环境与健康长寿有着密切的关系,保护和改善生态环境是关系到人民健康长寿和生命的重要因素。     

肿瘤科护士共情能力及其影响因素研究

目的:了解肿瘤科护士共情能力的现状,探讨工作环境和护士人格、人口社会学因素对于护士共情能力的影响。方法:采用问卷调查法对220名肿瘤科病房护士进行调查研究。结果:与其他科室的护士相比,肿瘤科护士的共情能力处于较高水平;相关分析结果显示,工作环境总分及医护关系等7个维度及"大五"人格中的外倾性、宜人性、开放性维度均与共情能力呈显著正相关,人格中的神经质维度与共情能力呈显著负相关;进一步的多元回归分析显示,工作环境中的医护关系维度、团队合作维度,人格中的宜人性维度、开放性维度等4个因素进入了回归方程。结论:肿瘤科护士的共情能力与普通科室相比相对较高,护理管理者应充分考虑到工作环境和护士自身人格中的多种因素对于共情能力的影响,积极改善工作环境,引导护士发展健康的人格,以提高他们的共情能力。     

护生对临床实习环境满意度的调查分析

目的:了解护生对目前临床实习环境的满意度。方法:采取整群抽样法抽取武汉市4所大型综合性医院755名护生进行问卷调查。结果:临床实习环境量表测量总分为(114.23±18.63)分;"教学方法"维度得分为(18.56±3.65)分,"教师素质"维度得分为(20.66±3.47)分,"学习机会"维度得分为(17.23±4.09)分,"人际关系"维度得分为(20.39±3.25)分,"工作氛围"维度得分为(19.82±3.52)分,"组织支持"维度得分为(17.57±4.15)分。结论:护生对目前临床实习环境满意度一般,临床实习环境有待改善。     

内陆与沿海地区自然环境中战备消毒包储存时限的实验研究

目的 探讨战备消毒包在内陆和沿海地区自然环境中的储存时限及细菌的来源.方法 准备双层棉布手术敷料包、器械包、敷料器械混合包,预真空压力蒸气灭菌后分别存放在自然环境战备仓库储存箱内,分别于灭菌后不同时限点随机取3种规格消毒包各3个进行细菌培养;同时对战备仓库空气、储存箱进行取样培养,并进行细菌同源性研究.结果 灭菌消毒包储存时限内陆地区40d、沿海地区24d;两地区战备消毒包、仓库空气和储存箱优势菌属为革兰阳性杆菌和球菌;消毒包内培养出的细菌与空气、储存箱分离出来的相同菌种不同菌株之间的16～23S rRNA ITS(internal transcribed spacer,转录间隔区)序列相似性内陆地区为97％～100％、沿海地区为98％～99％.结论 不同地区战备消毒包的储存环境对其储存时限具有重要的影响,战备消毒包内细菌来源于空气,针对性储存策略是战备消毒包有效储存的重要保证.     

改水改厕和环境整治控制土壤蛔虫虫卵及鞭虫虫卵污染的纵向观察

目的了解农村地区实施改水改厕和环境整治等综合措施后土壤中土源性线虫虫卵污染情况、变化规律及对人群土源性线虫感染的控制效果。方法在江西省进贤县2个村,用饱和硫酸镁离心浮聚法检查土壤中蛔虫虫卵和鞭虫虫卵的污染情况,Kato法检查人群土源性线虫感染情况。结果改水改厕后,试点村土壤中蛔虫和鞭虫虫卵阳性率均呈下降的趋势,1年后庭院、客厅、菜园、厕所蛔虫虫卵阳性率和总阳性率分别下降76.48%(P<0.01)、66.68%(P<0.05)、49.99%(P<0.05)、43.75%(P>0.05)和59.03%(P<0.01),以后均维持在较低的水平,鞭虫虫卵阳性率分别下降68.74%、62.50%、64.71%、64.71%和65.15%(P<0.01)。死蛔虫虫卵率从试点前的2.57%上升到2006年的69.81%,死鞭虫虫卵率从0.61%上升至78.13%,之后2年均保持在70%左右水平。结论实施改水改厕和环境整治控制土壤蛔虫虫卵和鞭虫虫卵污染效果显著,也是控制人群蛔虫、鞭虫感染的有效途径。     

婴幼儿亲属活体肝移植术中受者生理内环境的变化及处理

目的 观察婴幼儿亲属活体肝移植受者术中生理内环境的变化规律,并探讨相应的处理措施.方法 25例肝移植婴幼儿受者中,男性12例,女性13例,年龄(3.4±4.6)个月(2～11个月),体重(6.8±1.3)kg(3.1～8.8 kg).肝移植术中定时经桡动脉采血监测血气、血生化及凝血功能,对酸碱平衡、电解质、血糖、乳酸等指标的变化进行分析,检测时点分别为麻醉后手术开始前(术前)、门静脉阻断前5 min(无肝期前)、门静脉开放前5 min(无肝期)、门静脉开放后5 min(新肝期Ⅰ)、门静脉开放后30min(新肝期Ⅱ)及术毕.针对术中各阶段的不同特点和具体情况给予相应处理.结果 术中患儿生理内环境出现较大波动.与术前相比,Na+浓度于术中各阶段均无显著变化;pH值和K+浓度于无肝期前及无肝期时均无显著变化(P＞0.05),pH值于新肝期Ⅰ时出现显著下降(P＜0.01)并于术毕时恢复至术前水平,K+浓度于新肝期Ⅰ时显著下降,并持续至术毕(P＜0.01);Ca2+浓度于无肝期前至新肝期Ⅱ时均出现下降,但术毕时恢复至术前水平,其中无肝期前和新肝期Ⅱ时的Ca2+浓度显著低于术前水平(P＜0.05);血糖于无肝期前至新肝期Ⅱ时出现显著升高(P＜0.05),虽在术毕时有所降低,但仍显著高于术前水平(P＜0.05);乳酸于无肝期前至新肝期Ⅱ时出现显著升高(P＜0.01),术毕时恢复至术前水平;剩余碱值于无肝期前显著降低,并持续降低至新肝期Ⅱ(P＜0.05),术毕时恢复至术前水平.25例患儿均顺利完成手术,除术后在重症监护病房死亡2例外,其余均顺利回到病房.结论 婴幼儿亲属活体肝移植术中受者血液酸碱平衡、电解质、乳酸、血糖等生理内环境指标变化复杂,且独具特点并相互关联;术中应根据监测结果,针对手术不同阶段的不同指标适时加强监测和凋控.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate intraoperative changes of internal environment in infants undergoing living related liver transplantation (LRLT), and to explore appropriate treatment measures. Methods Twenty-five infants undergoing LRLT were retrospectively studied, including 12 males, 13 females, with age of (3. 4 ± 4. 6) months (ranging from 2-11 months), weight of (6. 8 ±1. 3) kg (ranging from 3. 1-8. 8 kg). Arterial blood samples were collected before the operation, at preanhepatic phase (5 min before cross-clamping), at anhepatic phase (5 min before opening inferior vena cava), 5 and 30 min after the opening inferior yena cava respectively, and at the completion of the surgery the pH value, bases excess (BE), the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose and lactate were determined. Results There were large fluctuations to the internal environment during operation. Compared with the preoperative values, the intraoperative concentrations of Na+ had no significant change; The pH value and blood level of K+ had no significant change at pre-anhepatic phase and anhepatic phase (P＞0. 05), the pH value was decreased at anhepatic phase Ⅰ (P＜0. 01 )and returned to the preoperative level at the end of the operation, and the blood level of K+ decreased at anhepatic phase and lasted till the completion of the surgery (P＜0. 01 ). The blood level of Ca2+ was decreased at pre-anhepatic phase and neohepatic phaseⅡ (P＜0. 05), and recovered at the end of the operation. Blood glucose concentration was increased significantly at preanhepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ, and still kept at the higher level until the end of operation. The lactate concentrations were increased significantly at pre-an.hepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ (P＜0. 01 ), and recovered at the end of operation. The BE was decreased at pre-anhepatic phase to neohepatic Ⅱ (P＜0. 05), and recovered at the end of the operation. Conclusion There are significant disruptions which are unique and inter-related to the internal environment parameters in infants during the operation of LRLT.Monitoring and accurate intraoperative managements for different physiological status at different phases are critical for the success of LRLT in infants.     

精神分裂症患者服药依从性与家庭环境的相关性研究

目的 了解精神分裂症复发患者的服药依从性状况,并分析服药依从性与家庭环境的相关性.方法 对102例复发入院的精神分裂症患者进行问卷调查.调查表包括一般资料、家庭环境量表和服药依从性问卷.结果 患者服药依从性得分为(12.03±3.19)分,其中约50%患者有不按时服药、自行停药、只在感觉不舒服时才服药等行为,服药依从性...