经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析

目的　探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法　对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果　全组溶栓治疗时间 4～ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0～ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论　经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效     

Interobserver Agreement for the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism on Computed Tomography Chest Angiography and Indirect Venography of the Lower Extremities in Emergency Department Patients

Objectives: To determine interobserver agreement between radiologists for computed tomography (CT) angiography and venography. CT venography of the lower extremities combined with standard CT angiography of the chest may result in an increased overall diagnosis rate of venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis).
Methods: The study had a retrospective cohort design. The population consisted of emergency department patients who were evaluated for suspected pulmonary embolism. A random sample of 50 patients diagnosed and treated for venous thromboembolism and 50 age- and gender-matched patients whose CT angiograms and venograms were read as negative were enrolled. The original reading (R1) was compared with readings of two study radiologists: R2, a general radiologist, and R3, a radiologist with fellowship training in cross-sectional imaging. All readers were blinded to each other.
Results: Both R2 and R3 found both CT angiogram and venogram components technically adequate in 95% (95% CI = 89% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI = 78% to 92%) of studies, respectively. The agreement was very good for CT angiography (lowest agreement = 92%; lowest κ = 0.83) and was good for CT venography (85%, κ = 0.65). In nine cases, R1 read the CT angiogram as negative but the venogram as positive for DVT, whereas both R2 and R3 read both components as negative in four of these nine, suggesting a false-positive isolated DVT rate of 44% (95% CI = 19% to 73%). In no case did R1 read both scan components as negative when R2 and R3 agreed on presence of pulmonary embolism or DVT.
Conclusions: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism on CT angiography is more reliable than diagnosis of isolated DVT on CT venography.     

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立及相关研究

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立是通过不同的栓塞方法闭塞实验动物上矢状窦的不同部位，其目的是观察脑组织的血流量、血氧饱和度、脑组织水含量、脑灌注压、及各种影像学表现等参数指标的变化，从病理生理角度探讨静脉性脑梗死的发病机理及演变过程。     

掌背静脉逆行皮瓣修复手指近节软组织缺损

目的 介绍一种修复手指近节指背、指腹缺损的修复方法。方法 我院于2001年~2002年，应用掌背静脉逆行皮瓣修复近节指背、指腹软组织或皮肤缺损26例。结果 所有皮瓣均成活，外观佳。结论 该方法操作简便、损伤小、无需植皮、易推广，为指近节软组织缺损的修复提供了一种方法。     

可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压术后门静脉血栓形成的影响

目的探讨可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的影响。方法检测乙肝肝硬化患者在门静脉高压症围手术期血小板的数量及反映血小板功能的可溶性P-选择素水平的动态变化,比较其在有门静脉血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间的差异。结果血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间,血小板数量无显著差异,而可溶性P-选择素水平在术后第4～6天有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论乙肝肝硬化患者在行门静脉高压症手术后,血小板功能的变化对门静脉血栓形成可能起着重要的作用。     

ENDOSCOPIC MICROVASCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE GASTRIC MUCOSA ON NARROW BAND IMAGING

Background: We evaluated the endoscopic microvascular architecture of the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients using the prototype of narrow band imaging (NBI). Material and Methods: The study included 103 Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients with chronic liver disease (22 without portal hypertension (group 1), 81 with portal hypertension (group 2)). Results: (i) Abnormality of collecting venules, reddening mucosa, red spots, a mosaic‐like pattern, and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) were observed on the gastric mucosa, and an obscure change in collecting venules (73% vs 14%; P < 0.001), reddening mucosa (49% vs 5%; P < 0.001), red spots (36% vs 5%; P < 0.01) and a mosaic‐like pattern (40% vs 5%; P < 0.01) were more frequently observed in group 2 than in group 1. (ii) On magnifying endoscopy with NBI, the mucosa with an obscure change in collecting venules was demonstrated as dilation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits in various degrees, and reddening mucosa was observed as extended and swollen gastric pits and various degrees of dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Red spots were demonstrated as extended and swollen gastric pits, dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, and intramucosal hemorrhage around these capillaries. GAVE was recognized as partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Conclusion: Abnormality of collecting venules, swelling of gastric pits, dilatation of capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, intramucosal hemorrhage around capillaries, and partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries were observed on the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients.     

在深静脉血栓—肺栓塞病程中腔静脉滤器的应用价值分析

目的：探讨腔静脉滤器(Vena cava filter VCF)在深静脉血栓(Deep venous thrombosis DVT)—肺栓塞(Pulmonary embolism PE)病程中的应用价值。方法：结合本组25例高危深静脉血栓一肺栓塞患者，对其中24例置放5种构型的永久型或临时型下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)26枚的临床疗效、影响病程与预后因素及病生理改变，复习文献分析讨论。结果：DVT有可能脱落导致PE或致死性肺栓塞；置放IVCF可有效预防肺栓塞，早期进行溶栓治疗，改变预后。结论：严格按适应证植入IVCF，对DVT—PE的早期治疗和预防致死性肺栓塞有重要意义，但其应用价值需进行综合评价和进一步探讨。     

导管直接溶栓治疗犬股静脉急性深静脉血栓后静脉壁形态学的变化

目的　比较导管直接溶栓 (catheter -directedthrombolysis,CDT)和系统性溶栓 (systemicthrombolysis ,ST)治疗急性深静脉血栓形成后的静脉壁形态学变化及近期疗效。方法　 2 0只成年杂种犬通过结扎双侧股静脉远近端制作急性深静脉血栓模型。 4 8h后松开结扎线 ,DSA造影证实血栓形成。将模型犬随机分成CDT组 10只和ST组 10只。CDT组经股静脉插入多个侧孔的溶栓导管 ,经导管用微泵以 8ml/h的速度滴入重组链激酶 (re combinantstreptokinase ,r sk) (15 0 0 0U/kg ,溶于 5 0mlNS中 )每 2h取血测定PT、APTT ,并造影观察溶栓进展。ST组从膝下外周静脉滴入r sk用量同前。结束后造影观察溶栓效果。术后 1d从各组随机抽取 5只获取标本 ,余下的 4周后再次造影观察静脉通畅度 ,并获取标本。HE染色观察静脉是否通畅 ,是否有附壁血栓 ;Masson三色染色观察胶原纤维沉积情况 ;免疫组化染色观察平滑肌肌动蛋白表达情况 ;扫描电镜观察内皮细胞损伤程度。结果　CDT组在 6h内均能完全溶解血栓 ,血栓溶解率为 10 0 % ,而ST组仅为 2 0 % ,二者相比 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PT、APTT未见明显延长 ;CDT组 1d和 4周时均未见附壁血栓 ,而ST组可见有附壁血栓 ;术后 1d两组间胶原纤维染色面积和平滑肌肌动蛋白表达面积无明显     

成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断方法和治疗。方法　对 31例成人门静脉海绵样变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 31例患者术前均有出血史 ,术前均经超声检查提示肝脏正常及门静脉海绵样变性 ,经脾穿刺门静脉造影或选择性肠系膜上动脉造影确诊。 12例行脾动脉结扎、胃冠状静脉及分支结扎、肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行脾 肾静脉架桥术。 8例已切脾断流后再出血患者 ,结扎冠状静脉主干后 ,6例行肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行肠系膜下静脉 下腔静脉C型架桥术 ,1例因静脉曲张和出血部位在空肠上段而行空肠节段切除术。 6例行脾 腔架桥术 ,2例行改良脾 肺固定术 ,脾 肾架桥术和门静脉 下腔静脉架桥术各 1例 ,1例行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。术后随访 6个月～ 4年 (随访率 10 0 % ) ,食管胃底曲张静脉均减轻或消失 ,无再出血和肝性脑病发生。结论　多普勒超声检查和经皮脾穿刺门静脉造影是诊断本病的理想方法 ;门 体分流术加门 奇断流术是治疗本病的最佳选择。