会阴部坏死性筋膜炎的研究现状

会阴部坏死性筋膜炎是一种罕见的并可能致命的软组织感染。感染发展迅速,很快就可能进展为感染性休克。当合并糖尿病、免疫抑制、慢性酒精疾病、慢性肾衰竭、肝硬化时预后相对较差。感染通常由多种细菌协同作用导致,尽管目前广谱抗生素不断问世,细菌培养及敏感实验技术明显改进,但死亡率仍很高(平均死亡率32.2%)。因此,早期对会阴部坏死性筋膜炎的诊断和治疗至关重要。该文就其发病率、风险因素、致病细菌、临床表现、诊断治疗等加以介绍。     

血液系统疾病合并嗜水气单胞菌血流感染4例报告

本文报道了昆明医科大学第二附属医院4例血液系统疾病合并嗜水气单胞菌血流感染患者的诊疗及转归,进一步明确血培养重要性以及加深临床对此病的认识。 选择2017—2021年昆明医科大学第二附属医院收治的血液系统疾病合并嗜水气单胞菌血流感染的4例患者,对患者临床表现、血培养采集及嗜水气单胞菌检出时间、实验室检查、治疗及预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析。本研究中4例病例均为男性血液系统疾病患者,处于化疗后骨髓抑制期粒细胞缺乏,出现发热后采集血培养并检出嗜水气单胞菌,4例患者血培养报阳时间4~11 h。药敏检测结果显示对二代、三代、四代头孢类抗生素、喹诺酮类抗生素、碳青霉烯类抗生素敏感性较高。4例患者早期均使用亚胺培南-西司他丁钠进行经验性抗感染治疗,1例患者经积极抗感染及升白细胞等治疗后痊愈。1例患者未完成化疗,患者要求出院,后续不详。2例患者迅速发展为坏死性筋膜炎,后患者死亡。研究表明,血液系统疾病合并嗜水气单胞菌血流感染罕见但死亡率高,对于反复发热考虑感染致病的患者需尽早进行血培养确认病原体并进行药敏试验,临床治疗时应结合患者情况及时调整治疗,除抗感染治疗外同时要提升患者免疫力,警惕发展为坏死性筋膜炎。     

Percutaneous plantar fasciotomy: An anatomical study about its safety and efficacy

BackgroundPercutaneous plantar fasciotomy is one of the available options for recalcitrant cases of plantar fasciopathy, but there is a mismatch in the clinical results between different author’s experience, possibly due to variability when choosing the exact cutaneous entry point. The purpose of this study is to validate the plantar approach in the surgical treatment of plantar fasciopathy, describing a safe path and cutaneous entry point to perform a percutaneous plantar fasciotomy with a 2 mm incision testing the procedure on cadavers.Methodsa unicentric cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 12 cadaveric feet to verify the accuracy of the percutaneous fasciotomy entry point. Independent variables analysed were: extent of fasciotomy, entry point location, spur resection, and soft tissues injuries. A double evaluation was performed: an indirect evaluation under fluoroscopic vision, and a direct evaluation after anatomical dissection.ResultsNo cases of plantar cortical lesion on the calcaneus was observed. Satisfactory fasciotomy was performed in 91.7% of the cases. An optimal entry point was noticed in all cases with a mean distance to the tip of tibial malleolus of 22.5 mm (±6.9; 35.1?12.1) and a mean distance to foot midline of 7.8 mm (±1.7; 11.8?5.1). No neurological nor vascular lesions were found. In all the feet, a laceration of the plantar part of flexor digitorum brevis muscle was noted.Conclusionthe plantar approach for percutaneous total plantar fasciotomy is a safe procedure. The current study provides an intraoperative guideline for minimising the possible risks.     

Comparison between the plantar pressure effects of toe separators and insoles in patients with hallux valgus at a one-month follow-up

BackgroundVarious designs of foot orthoses for hallux valgus have been developed to reduce foot pain. The plantar pressure assessment can determine the better intervention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of plantar pressure distribution in patients with hallux valgus during walking with toe separator and insole.MethodPatients with hallux valgus were randomized into one of two interventions: prefabricated toe separator or customized insole. The plantar pressure distribution of the participants was measured during walking with the devices after use for one month with an in-shoe measurement system.ResultsTwenty-three participants were analyzed. After 1-month, significant peak pressures and pressure-time integral reductions were observed during walking in the middle forefoot (64.28 kPa and 28.97 kPa s, respectively) and lateral forefoot regions (54.03 kPa and 22.30 kPa s, respectively) after insole use compared with a toe separator.ConclusionsAfter one month of use, the customized insole was more effective in plantar pressure reduction than the toe separator for a hallux deformity.     

托毒益气养阴汤治疗肛周坏死性筋膜炎(毒盛正虚证)的临床研究

目的观察托毒益气养阴汤治疗肛周坏死性筋膜炎(毒盛正虚证)的临床疗效。方法将66例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各33例,对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用内服托毒益气养阴汤治疗。两组均治疗2周。结果两组治疗后创面疼痛、病变范围、全身症状、坏死性筋膜炎实验室风险指数(LRINEC)评分及白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后血红蛋白(Hb)较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组创面表皮生长时间、创面愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组住院费用低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论托毒益气养阴汤治疗肛周坏死性筋膜炎(毒盛正虚证),能够抑制炎症因子表达,增加Hb含量,减轻肛周疼痛、肿胀范围及全身症状,促进创面表皮生长和创面愈合,降低住院费用,提高临床疗效。     

Does the minimally invasive complete plantar fasciotomy result in deformity of the Plantar arch? A prospective study

BackgroundComplete plantar fasciotomy has been associated with changes in foot loading, leading to medial longitudinal arch collapse. The purpose of this study is to analyse our clinical experience with percutaneous complete plantar fasciotomy and quantify the possible changes in foot loading measured by the calcaneal pitch angle.MethodsA prospective case series study with patients operated between 2005–2012 was conducted, where AOFAS, Maryland Foot Score (MFS), VAS and radiological calcaneal pitch (CP) were recorded. Postoperative data were collected, where the surgeon evaluated the presence of complications, and an independent investigator performed radiological and scale evaluations follow-up: AOFAS, MFS, VAS and Benton-Weil questionnaire.ResultsA total of 60 patients, 62 feet, with a mean follow-up of 57 months (range 13–107) were studied. The MFS increased a mean of 21 points (p = .001), the AOFAS score a mean of 25 points (p = .001), and the VAS decreased a mean of 8.89 points (p = .001). A total of fifty-seven feet (91.9%) were pain-free at the end of follow-up. The mean CP dropped from 20.2° (range 11–34) preoperatively to 19.3° (range 11–34) at the end of follow-up (p = .05). In 25 feet (40.3%) there were no changes in the calcaneus pitch angle, in 21 feet dropped 1° (33.9%), in 11 dropped 2° (17.8%), 3 feet 3° (4.8%) and 2 feet (3.2%) 4°. Postoperative complications were noted in 4 feet (6.4%), with lateral column pain. The surgery meets the expectations of all patients.ConclusionsPercutaneous total fascia release is safe and does not produce a significant drop in arch height based on the radiological finding. Lack of success after surgery may be explained by other pathologies that might appear like plantar fasciitis. Further studies with gait analysis after total plantar fascia release in patients are needed.     

冲击波联合富血小板血浆治疗跖筋膜炎的临床研究

目的探讨发散式体外冲击波疗法(extracorporeal shock wave therapy,ESWT)与富血小板血浆(platelet rich plasma,PRP)联合治疗慢性跖筋膜炎的临床疗效。方法前瞻性单中心随机对照研究,选取2017年1月至2018年12月因足跟痛于重庆大学附属三峡医院就诊并诊断为慢性跖筋膜炎的患者60例,其中男性19例,女性41例;年龄20~68岁,平均(44.56±10.68)岁。依照随机数字表法分为ESWT治疗组(E组)、PRP治疗组(P组)和ESWT-PRP联合治疗组(联合组),每组20例。比较三组患者治疗前及治疗结束后4、12、24周视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、改良足功能指数(revised footfunction index,FFI-R)。分别于治疗前及治疗结束后24周采用超声测量跖筋膜厚度。结果三组患者一般资料及治疗前VAS评分、FFI-R评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗结束后VAS评分、FFI-R评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05)。4周时联合组及E组优于P组(P<0.05),24周时联合组及P组优于E组(P<0.05)。治疗结束24周后三组患者跖筋膜厚度较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05),相关性分析发现VAS评分与跖筋膜厚度存在正相关性。所有患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论采用发散式ESWT与PRP联合方案治疗慢性跖筋膜炎安全、有效、起效快、并发症少、治疗效果维持时间长,值得临床研究与推广。     

Imaging of the foot and ankle

The complexity of foot and ankle anatomy and biomechanics gives imaging an essential role in the diagnosis and management of foot and ankle pathology. This article will focus on the common non-traumatic and non-neoplastic conditions routinely encountered in orthopaedics and musculoskeletal radiology practice.