Effects of cadaver dissection on the attitudes of medical students

Summary: Summary. A study was conducted to determine whether the attitudes of medical students to death and caring changed during the 3 months following exposure to cadaver dissection. All first-year students were invited to complete a questionnaire immediately before their initial cadaver dissection experience, after 6 weeks, and after a further 3 months. The questionnaire reflected attitudes to death, violent death, death of someone known to the respondent and caring when someone known to the respondent is seriously injured. Ethnicity and previous exposure to dying has no effect on responses, but overall men students' reactions were significantly less than for women ( P < 0.001). The responses given on the final part of the questionnaire after 3 months were significantly lower than those to most questions in the first part of the questionnaire. The exceptions were those questions where the subject in the given scenario was known to the respondent, where reactions were rated significantly greater ( P < 0.001) in the follow-up questionnaire and can be explained on the basis that they were a personal referent.
Students rapidly develop a coping mechanism which enables them to view cadaver dissection as an occupation quite divorced from living human beings. During these early months of training solicitude decreases for those who die who are unknown to them, but concern for personal referents increases. Educators should be aware of the dramatic change of attitudes among students and the process of professionalization which might influence their caring of future patients.     

Independent learning among general practice trainees: an initial survey

Self-directed learning is a natural way for adults to learn. Vocational training for general practice is a preparation for unsupervised clinical work that will be supported, in the main, by continuing medical education. This study uses the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale to investigate factors influencing readiness for such learning among a sample of general practice trainees. Three principal factors emerged from analysis: enjoyment and enthusiasm for learning; a positive self-concept as a learner and a factor suggesting the possibility of a 'reproducing' orientation to learning. These factors may reflect approaches to learning in general rather than these adopted for professional learning, but offer helpful pointers for the development of both vocational training and of continuing medical education.     

Fire in the operating theatre. Evacuation pre–planning may save lives

An operating theatre fire and the steps taken to deal with it are described; the difficulties encountered in evacuating anaesthetised patients are highlighted. Measures which might be taken to prevent recurrence of these problems, and recommendations on the institution of fire drills for the safety of patients and staff are given.     

云南罗平医院员工对医院的认同度分析

通过问卷调查和访谈分析,调查了云南罗平医院194名员工对医院的认同度,调查对象包括行政、临床和后勤人员,从医院管理模式、医院绩效考核、医院薪酬待遇等方面用描述统计方法分析了数据,显示了医院员工的认同度情况及管理中存在的问题,并分析了不同因素对医院员工的认同度影响,为进一步改善医院管理状况,提高管理水平提供了参考。     

卫生行政部门公务员有效激励的多维度探讨

相比其他组织的就业人员，卫生行政部门公务员拥有事实上的和法律上的就职保障，这种保障对于保证国家卫生公共政策执行的连贯性、稳定性和激励高素质人才进入公务员队伍至关重要，但在现实中它对公务员的有效激励产生了一定的影响，该文从就职保障与在职激励之间的调适关系出发，就如何确保对卫生行政部门公务员的有效激励进行了多维度分析和探讨，解析了激励发生的深层次机理，并在方法和手段上提出了建议。     

"11.24"海难援救军人的心理健康状况分析

目的 探讨海难后军队应激援救人员的心理健康特点，为建立特定人群的心理健康评定体系提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表和自行编制的调查表对39名1999－11－24烟台“大禹”海难1mo后的善后援救军人进行了心理健康测试，并将调查结果与对照军人和国内军人常模进行了比较。结果 接受调查的应激人群的SCL－90总分79.5%（31／39）的人评定为正常，总分≥160分为8例，占20.5%。SCL－90总分、射体化、焦虑、恐怖与精神病性因子与国内军人常模比较无显差异，但阳性项目数、强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对及偏执因子分均显低于国内军人常模（P＜0.05-0.01）；而阳性症状均分显高于国内军人常模（P＜0.05）。应激人群的阳性项目数明显低于对照人群，而阳性症状的痛苦水平明显高于对照人群（P＜0.01）；阳性症状均分仍显高于对照人群（P＜0.05）。结论 提示受调查的应激人群的阳性症状均分显高于国内军人常模，改善婚姻状况和与同胸关系、完善上级领导工作方法和善后处理可以改善SCL－90结果，减少生活事件的刺激量可望改善其心理健康状况。     

基于IPSec的端-端VPN系统的设计与安全性分析

首先介绍了VPN的基本概念及其应用，并对使用IPSec的VPN技术与传统VPN技术的特点及安全性做了分析和比较。通过对IPSec协议的深入研究，给出了一种基于IPSec组合SA的端-端VPN系统的设计方法，并对其安全性进行了分析。     

雷达员的目标跟踪能力测验

目的:建立雷达操作员心理选拔系统. 方法:在分析雷达任务的基础上,设计计算机化的目标跟踪能力模拟雷达测验任务,对334名相关被试施测,分析实验结果,评价测试任务的性能指标. 结果:测验结果的数据分布接近正态,变异系数为38%,区分度较好;重测信度系数为0.764(P<0.05);对专家和被试的主观调查表明有较高的内容效度;分别以机械作图和计算机学绩成绩、学习新技术的能力、工作绩效作效标,效度系数为0.273, 0.247, 0.309, 0.445(P<0.05). 结论:本测验可作为雷达员心理选拔的测试项目.     

飞行人员380例异常B超检查结果分析

目的　正确分析异常B超检查 ,提高航空卫生保障工作质量。方法　应用PHILIPSSD 2 4 0型超声诊断仪对疗养飞行人员 ,进行腹部各脏器检查。结果　 380例异常B超检查结果中 12 8例为首次确诊 ;异常B超共诊断出疾病 14种 ,其中脂肪肝、泌尿系结石、胆囊息肉占前 3位 ;且随着年龄的增长 ,阳性率逐渐增高。结论　B超诊断对飞行人员的健康鉴定具有重要作用 ,建议将B超检查作为大体检必查项目     

Attitudes of the 1984 medical graduates of Sri Lanka to anaesthesia

A total of 196 intern medical officers who had graduated from the four medical schools in Sri Lanka in 1984 indicated their attitudes towards anaesthesia as a medical specialty in response to a postal questionnaire. Eighty per cent of the graduates considered anaesthesia to be an established specialty in Sri Lanka, while 17% felt that the specialty had limited clinical application. A total of 62% of the graduates were not aware, prior to their entry to medical school, that anaesthesia was related to medical practice. All the graduates indicated that the intra-operative role of the anaesthetist was on a par with that of the surgeon, but 40% felt that the pre- and post-operative roles were of a secondary nature. Overall, 42% considered that an anaesthetist acts as an assistant to the surgeon. The graduates were of the opinion that only 35% of the patients undergoing surgery were appreciative of the services rendered by an anaesthetist. Fifty per cent of the graduates considered exposure to the specialty in the undergraduate curriculum as inadequate. Anaesthesia was chosen as the first career preference by 1.5%. The dominant reasons for not selecting anaesthesia as a career specialty were: minimal patient contact and patient recognition (62%), and lack of recognition of the specialty by society (54%). Anaesthetists in Sri Lanka are challenged to alter the perceptions associated with the specialty, which are probably a result of chronic staff shortages restricting practice to the confines of operating theatres.