人格特征对哮喘患者情绪状况的影响

目的探讨人格特征对哮喘患者情绪状况的影响。方法对769例哮喘患者采用艾森克人格问卷和简式简明心境问卷进行调查,并与全国常模和正常组常模进行对比分析。结果哮喘患者艾森克人格问卷的神经质和掩饰性评分显著高于全国常模（P〈0．01）;简式简明心境问卷总分和紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲乏、混乱负性情绪评分显著高于正常组常模（P〈0．01）,而正性情绪精力维度评分显著低于正常组常模（P〈0．01）。哮喘患者的总体情绪状况与人格的神经质和精神质维度呈显著负相关,与内外向和掩饰性维度呈显著正相关;哮喘患者人格的神经质和内外向维度进入总体情绪状况的回归方程。结论人格的神经质和内外向维度是影响哮喘患者情绪障碍的重要因素,临床治疗中应对患者的负性情绪进行干预,从而达到管理和控制哮喘的目的。     

医生的心理健康与人格特征的相关研究

目的:了解医生心理健康水平的现状及其与人格特征的相关,为心理健康干预提供帮助。方法:用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)和人格特征问卷(EPQ-RSC)对133名医生进行测试。结果:医生心理健康状况不佳的检出率为35.3%,人格特征对医生的心理健康水平具有重要影响。结论:应当重视医生的心理健康问题,并充分考虑人格特征对其心理健康的影响作用。     

神经症患者人格特征研究

目的:探讨神经症患者的人格特征。方法:对4 0例神经症患者进行EPQ测查,并与正常对照组比较。结果:神经症组E、N分高于对照组(P<0 .0 1 ) ,内倾例数、情绪不稳定例数多于对照组(P<0 .0 1 ) ,外倾例数、情绪稳定例数少于对照组(P<0 .0 1 )。结论:神经症患者的人格特征为内倾、神经质。     

不同产区天麻质量评价

目的 分析天麻主产区资源质量.方法 收集不同产区天麻资源,测定天麻农艺性状指标和有效成分含量,分析其相关性,综合评价各产区天麻质量.结果 叙永红天麻的平均质量最大,黎平乌天麻的麻长最长,赫章安乐溪红天麻的平均麻宽最大,朱昌红天麻的平均长宽比值最大,赫章安乐溪红天麻的麻厚最大,赫章双营乌天麻的箭芽长度最长,黔南贵定红天麻...     

Personality types, lifestyle, and sensitivity to mental stress in association with NK activity.

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 302 healthy Japanese male workers to make a mechanistic approach to the association between personality types and cancer; two types of personality, the emotionally unstable-introvert and the emotionally stable-extravert, were compared with each other in lifestyle, mental stress status, and biological markers such as plasma levels of neurotransmitters and NK activity of peripheral lymphocytes. We first found that emotionally unstable-introverts have a more unhealthy lifestyle associated with low NK activity than among stable-extraverts, along with higher sensitivity to mental stress (also known to suppress NK activity) than stable-extraverts. Second, emotionally unstable-introverts were found to have in fact decreased NK activity along with higher plasma levels of noradrenaline, when compared with stable-extraverts. Our results thus demonstrate that emotionally unstable-introverts have a decreased capacity of immunological host defense against cancer, which is possibly due to two factors, unhealthy lifestyle and high sensitivity to mental stress.     

Is the sleep initiating process affected by psychological factors?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological factors on sleep initiating process. The Y-G personality test (Y-G), Lazarus-type stress coping inventory (SCI), Zung self-rating depression scale, General health questionnaire, and Sleep health questionnaire were administered to 418 subjects (mean age = 21.13 +/- 8.76 years), and the data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis (stepwise variable reduction method). Self-rating depression scale; Co-Em, Pla, Sel scale in SCI; C, N, O, Co scale in Y-G were significantly included in the final model. The results showed that psychological factors, such as depression, emotion-focused coping behaviour, prudent planning to solve problems, low self-control, small changes of feeling, nervousness, subjectiveness, and cooperativeness are associated with difficulty initiating sleep.     

Evidence of a locus for schizophrenia and related disorders on the short arm of chromosome 5 in a large pedigree

We attempted to identify a locus for schizophrenia and related disorders in 24 nuclear families of schizophrenic probands using a predefined classification system for affected cases that included those disorders most clearly identified as sharing a genetic relationship with schizophrenia—schizoaffective disorder and schizotypal personality disorder. Initially, we evaluated 8 markers on chromosome 5 on the first 12 families with available genotyping and diagnostic assessments and, assuming autosomal dominant transmission, found a lod score of 2.67 for the D5S111 locus (5p14.1-13.1) in one large nuclear family (no. 17; sibship: n = 12; schizophrenia: n = 3; schizotypal personality disorder: n = 2); the other 11 families were much smaller, less complete, and provided little additional information. Other branches of no. 17 were then assessed and the 2-point lod score for family 17 rose to 3.72; using multipoint analysis the lod score in 17 was 4.37. When only schizophrenia was used to define affectedness, the positive evidence for linkage to D5S111 was greatly reduced. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the lod score is heavily dependent upon the predefined diagnostic criteria. Our studies of other families of schizophrenic probands eventually totalled 23, but linkage to D5S111 in these yielded a −2.41 lod score. The results provide evidence for genetic linkage of the D5S111 locus to schizophrenia and related disorders in one family. It may be of interest that over several generations, almost all the ancestors of family 17 could be traced back to a small, relatively isolated, hill region of Puerto Rico. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Psychiatric symptoms and CAG expansion in Huntington's disease

The mutation responsible for Huntington's disease (HD) is an elongated CAG repeat in the coding region of the IT15 gene. A PCR-based test with high sensitivity and accuracy is now available to identify asymptomatic gene carriers and patients. An inverse correlation between CAG copy number and age at disease onset has been found in a large number of affected individuals. The influence of the CAG repeat expansion on other phenotypic manifestations, especially specific psychiatric symptoms has not been studied intensively. In order to elucidate this situation we investigated the relation between CAG copy number and distinct psychiatric phenotypes found in 79 HD-patients. None of the four differentiated categories (personality change, psychosis, depression, and nonspecific alterations) showed significant differences in respect to size of the CAG expansion. In addition, no influence of individual sex on psychiatric presentation could be found. On the other hand in patients with personality changes maternal transmission was significantly more frequent compared with all other groups. Therefore we suggest that clinical severity of psychiatric features in HD is not directly dependent on the size of the dynamic mutation involved. The complex pathogenetic mechanisms leading to psychiatric alterations are still unknown and thus genotyping does not provide information about expected psychiatric symptoms in HD gene carriers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

General score tests for associations of genetic markers with disease using cases and their parents

Association studies of genetic markers with disease play a critical role in the dissection of genetically complex traits because they are relatively easy to conduct and are useful for fine-scale mapping of genetic traits. The advantage of family-based controls has recently received much attention because spurious associations caused by population structure can be controlled for, and marker genotype information on diseased cases and their parents can be used to test the compound hypothesis of both linkage and linkage disequilibrium. However, debate still exists regarding the statistical methods of analysis. Herein are presented statistical methods to test for linkage (in the presence of linkage disequilibrium) between multiallelic genetic markers and disease when diseased subjects (cases) and their parents are sampled. Theoretical considerations for the development of general statistical tests are presented as well as asymptotic formulas to compute their power when planning a study. Furthermore, simulation results for nine specific statistics are used to contrast the power of these methods under different genetic mechanisms leading to disease (dominant vs. recessive, one vs. two high-risk alleles). These results demonstrate substantial gains in power for specific statistical tests designed to detect specified genetic mechanisms. However, without a priori knowledge of the likely genetic mechanism, it is desirable to rely on a fairly robust statistical method, robust so that power is not drastically lost when either dominant or recessive mechanisms are acting, and when either one or more than one marker alleles are associated with disease. Based on both theoretical and simulation results, a general score statistic, which generalizes the transmission/disequilibrium test, tends to offer sufficient power for a variety of genetic mechanisms, so that it is worth considering for broad use in studies which use genetic marker information from both diseased cases and their parents. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Uncomplicated and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in an epidemiologic sample

This study investigated lifetime prevalence rates, demographic characteristics, childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial features, suicide attempts, and cognitive impairment in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) uncomplicated by or comorbid with any other psychiatric disorder. The data are from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, and the current analyses compared subjects with uncomplicated OCD (no history of any other lifetime psychiatric disorder), comorbid OCD (with any other lifetime disorder), other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and no lifetime psychiatric disorders across these variables. OCD in its uncomplicated and comorbid form had significantly higher rates of childhood conduct symptoms, adult antisocial personality disorder problems, and of suicide attempts than did no or other disorders. Comorbid OCD subjects had higher rates of mild cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental Status Exam than did subjects with other disorders. These findings suggest that a subgroup of OCD patients may have impulsive features, including childhood conduct disorder symptoms and an increased rate of suicide attempts; wider clinical attention to these outcomes is needed. Depression and Anxiety 4:111–119, 1996/1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.