Attendance at specialist hepatitis clinics and initiation of antiviral treatment among persons chronically infected with hepatitis C: examining the early impact of Scotland's Hepatitis C Action Plan

Primary goals of the Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland Phase II (May 2008–March 2011) were to increase, among persons chronically infected with the hepatitis C (HCV) virus, attendance at specialist outpatient clinics and initiation on antiviral therapy. We evaluated progress towards these goals by comparing the odds, across time, of (a) first clinic attendance within 12 months of HCV diagnosis (n = 9747) and (b) initiation on antiviral treatment within 12 months of first attendance (n = 5736). Record linkage between the national HCV diagnosis (1996–2009) and HCV clinical (1996–2010) databases and logistic regression analyses were conducted for both outcomes. For outcome (a), 32% and 45% in the respective pre‐Phase II (before 1 May 2008) and Phase II periods attended a specialist clinic within 12 months of diagnosis; the odds of attendance within 12 months increased over time (OR = 1.05 per year, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07), but was not significantly greater for persons diagnosed with HCV in the Phase II era, compared with the pre‐Phase II era (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.3), after adjustment for temporal trend. For outcome (b), 13% and 28% were initiated on treatment within 12 months of their first clinic attendance in the pre‐Phase II and Phase II periods, respectively. Higher odds of treatment initiation were associated with first clinic attendance in the Phase II (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.4), compared with the pre‐Phase II era. Results were consistent with a positive impact of the Hepatitis C Action Plan on the treatment of chronically infected individuals, but further monitoring is required to confirm a sustained effect.     

全血指标与冠脉无复流关系的分析进展

无复流(NR)指冠状动脉在解除机械性病变情况下心肌得不到有效灌注发生前向血流明显减慢的现象。且为急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)的严重并发症。全血细胞计数(CBC)是临床最常见的检测方法。以往大量研究已证实CBC对疾病严重程度、死亡风险及并发症发生的预测能力。因此,本文就CBC中红细胞、血小板、白细胞及血小板/淋巴细胞比值等对NR的研究进展进行阐述。     

血栓抽吸联合低剂量替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响

［摘要］： 目的 评价血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班对老年高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响。 方法 选取2014年1月至2019年1月于马鞍山临床学院行PCI的老年STEMI高血栓负荷患者127例,随机分为观察组62例及对照组65例,观察组在常规PCI之前联合应用血栓抽吸和冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班治疗,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。比较两组患者术后临床效果、出血事件及主要心脏不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况。 结果 术后观察组梗死相关动脉的TIMI血流3级、2h心电图ST段回落>50%、LVEF均显著高于对照组[TIMI血流3级：57例(91.9%)与49例(75.4%),χ2=2.295,P=0.040;心电图ST段回落>50%：50例(80.6%)与40例(61.5%),χ2=5.611,P=0.018;LVEF值：(52.7±3.5)%与(50.95±5.0)%,t=2.229,P=0.028];观察组CK-MB峰值、碎裂QRS波、心包积液均低于对照组[CK-MB峰值：(274.4±173.1)U/L与(334.5±154.0)U/L,t=2.069,P=0.041;碎裂QRS波：24例（38.7%）与38例（55.5%）,χ2=4.955,P=0.026;心包积液：6例（9.5%）与15例（23.1%）,χ2=4.128,P=0.042];术后30天,观察组小/微出血事件多于对照组[小/微出血事件：7例（11.3%）与4例（6.2%）,χ2=4.019,P=0.043],大出血和卒中事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）;术后6个月,MACE事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）。 结论 血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射低剂量替罗非班可改善老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者心肌再灌注水平,同时不增加严重出血风险,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中无复流的影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)合并射血分数保留的心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,HFpEF)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI),术中发生无复流的影响因素.方法 连续选取2017年1月至2019年1月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊科并行急诊PCI治疗的STEMI合并HFpEF患者326例,按照急诊PCI术中血流情况,分为正常复流组(255例)和无复流组(71例).比较两组的临床资料,分析无复流发生的影响因素.结果 合并HFpEF的STEMI患者,PPCI术后无复流发生率为21.8%(71/326),两组之间急诊收缩压(SBP)[(113.75±23.27)mm Hg比(127.84±34.58)mm Hg,P=0.046]、即刻血糖水平[(14.32±6.75)mmol/L比(9.17±7.50)mmol/L,P=0.038]、发病到再灌注时间[(118.07±41.35)min比(9.74±39.23)min,P=0.037]、球囊扩张次数(12.5%比10.1%,P=0.042)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,急诊SBP(OR=1.089,95%CI 0.746~18.247,P=0.031)、球囊扩张次数(OR=1.980,95%CI 0.883~1.087,P=0.039)、发病至再灌注时间(OR=2.985,95%CI 0.064~0.982,P=0.048)是急诊PCI术中无复流发生的危险因素.结论 合并EFpHF合并STEMI患者行PPCI后无复流发生与入院收缩压、球囊扩张次数、发病至再灌注时间具有相关性.     

Current status of auditory aging and anti‐aging research

The development of presbycusis, or age‐related hearing loss, is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The auditory periphery exhibits a progressive bilateral, symmetrical reduction of auditory sensitivity to sound from high to low frequencies. The central auditory nervous system shows symptoms of decline in age‐related cognitive abilities, including difficulties in speech discrimination and reduced central auditory processing, ultimately resulting in auditory perceptual abnormalities. The pathophysiological mechanisms of presbycusis include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, aging and oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage that results in apoptosis in the auditory pathway. However, the originating signals that trigger these mechanisms remain unclear. For instance, it is still unknown whether insulin is involved in auditory aging. Auditory aging has preclinical lesions, which manifest as asymptomatic loss of periphery auditory nerves and changes in the plasticity of the central auditory nervous system. Currently, the diagnosis of preclinical, reversible lesions depends on the detection of auditory impairment by functional imaging, and the identification of physiological and molecular biological markers. However, despite recent improvements in the application of these markers, they remain under‐utilized in clinical practice. The application of antisenescent approaches to the prevention of auditory aging has produced inconsistent results. Future research will focus on the identification of markers for the diagnosis of preclinical auditory aging and the development of effective interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 40–53.     

早期应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的疗效简

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死（ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗疗效的影响.方法 自2009年1月至2012年1月,将186例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者分为2组：A组为实验组,为早期应用替罗非班的患者共95例,均于PCI治疗前使用;B组为对照组,常规治疗组,未使用替罗非班的患者共91例.分析两组PCI治疗前、后的临床状况、造影血流情况[心肌梗死溶栓（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP）]及出血事件.记录住院期间及随访6个月内的主要心血管事件的发生率.结果 所有患者均成功行急诊PCI治疗.两组间的基础临床情况及术前造影情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.与B组比较,A组PCI治疗后TIMIⅢ级血流的比例（96.5％ vs.81.2％,P＜0.05）、TMPⅡ级以上血流的比例（96.8％ vs.84.2％,P＜0.05）均明显增高,发生无复流现象的比例（5.6％ vs.13.2％,P＜0.05）则明显减少,差异均有统计学意义.两组住院期间主要心血管事件、出血事件的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.而在随访的6个月期间内,A组主要心血管事件较B组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 在STEMI急诊PCI治疗患者中,早期应用替罗非班能有效预防无复流现象的发生,改善靶血管前向血流,挽救更多存活心肌及改善预后.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗右冠状动脉起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛

目的分析右冠状动脉（fight coronary artery,RCA）起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention．PCI）治疗的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2012年10月武汉市第五人民医院收治行PCI治疗的不稳定型心绞痛合并RCA起源异常5例患者的临床资料。结果共计623例不稳定型心绞痛患者中6例合并存在RCA起源异常,其中5例罪犯血管为RCA,发生率0．96％。5例患者中男3例,女2例．中位年龄57（32～75）岁;其中RCA起源于左冠状窦3例,起源于嵴上1例,起源于主动脉前壁1例;单支血管病变4例,两支血管病变1例;4例植入药物洗脱支架1枚,1例植入药物洗脱支架2枚;5例PCI治疗围术期无夹层、血栓、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑卒中、死亡等并发症发生;随访14．6（6-24）个月,无心绞痛、死亡、再次冠状动脉事件入院、再次血管化等主要心血管事件发生。结论PCI治疗为RCA起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛患者提供了一种安全有效的治疗方法。