中药“口康”含漱液体外抑菌试验和毒性试验研究

目的 :研究中药“口康”含漱液的抑菌作用及毒性 ,为临床治疗口腔感染疾病提供实验依据。方法 :用琼脂稀释法测定“口康”含漱液对 4 9株口腔致病菌的最低抑菌浓度 ,并进行了急性毒性试验。结果 :4 9株口腔致病菌中 ,2 7株革兰阴性杆菌最低抑菌浓度 (MinimalinhibitoryconcentrationMIC)范围 0 .0 3～ 1.0g·ml-1,抑制 5 0 %被试菌株的MIC(MIC50 )均为 0 .12 5g·ml-1,抑制 90 %被试菌株的MIC(MIC90 )为 0 .12 5～ 0 .5g·ml-1;2 1株革兰氏阳性球菌MIC范围0 .0 0 8～ 0 .5g·ml-1,MIC50 为 0 .0 15～ 0 .12 5g·ml-1,MIC90 为 0 .0 15～ 0 .5g·ml-1;1株白色念珠菌MIC为 0 .0 15g·ml-1。急性毒性试验显示 :最大耐受量为生药 4 17.6g·kg-1,达到临床日剂量 2 10倍 ,未见动物死亡和明显毒性反应。结论 :“口康”含漱液对各类不同口腔致病菌株均有抑菌作用 ;对革兰阳性球菌抑菌作用更佳 ,为革兰阴性杆菌的 2～ 8个对比倍数 ;对念珠性霉菌抑菌作用较强。该制剂毒性较小 ,可供临床使用     

Quantitative cultures of Candida from mouthwash fluid in HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal study

Summary. The density of Candida colonization in mouthwash fluid of 59 HIV-seropositive patients and 21 controls was determined. No significant difference in colony-forming units was found. No correlation was found between the colonizing density of Candida albicans and the CD4 count among the patients. Twenty-seven of the HIV-seropositive patients were followed for almost 3 years. No difference was found between the number of Candida albicans colony-forming units at the first and second time of sampling. Vaccination with HIV IIIB GP 160 vaccine did not have any influence on the prevalence of Candida albicans .
Zusammenfassung. Die Dichte der Candida -Besiedlung im Oropharynx von 59 HIV-positiven und 21 Kontroll-Patienten wurden mittels Mund-spülproben erfaßt. In der Zahl der koloniebildenden Einheiten wurde kein Unterschied gefunden. Zwischen der Dichte der Candida albicans -Besiedlung und der Zahl der CD4-Zellen konnte keine Korrelation gefunden werden. 27 der HIV-positiven Patienten wurden über fast 3 Jahre beobachtet. Zwischen den Candida albicans -KBE-Werten der ersten und zweiten Untersuchung wurde kein Unterschied gefunden. Auch die Impfung mit der HIV IIIB GP 160-Vakzine hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Candida albicans -Besiedlung.     

Detection of known missense mutation ofhMLH1 in a hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer family using DNA extracts from mouthwash samples

Background A significant proportion of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, which has a high risk of synchronous and/or metachronous multiple primary tumors of the colon (Lynch I) or other organs (Lynch II) at a young patient age, is caused by the inheritance of germline mutations in at least 4 genes such ashMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, andhPMS2. Accordingly, gene analysis by a noninvasive method would be clinically useful. Subjects and Methods We examined 20 of the 148 members of the largest hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer pedigree in Japan. The proband of this pedigree was known to have a missense mutation of thehMLH1 gene, and further analysis showed that 4 other persons with carcinoma had the same genotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from mouthwash precipitates. The site of mutation was detected by 3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-related techniques (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele-specific PCR, and/or PCR-direct sequencing). To confirm the accuracy of this method, we also analyzed the DNA extracted from blood-cell samples in 14 subjects. Results Six of the 20 subjects were possible carriers, but every individual except the proband was free from tumors. In the 14 subjects tested, the results obtained from mouthwash samples agreed with those from blood-cell samples. Conclusion Our results suggest that the extraction of DNA from mouthwash samples is a convenient, noninvasive, and effective method of identifying possible carriers among family members of persons with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.     

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Maintains Muscle Electromyographic Activity and Increases Time to Exhaustion during Moderate but not High-Intensity Cycling Exercise

The aim was to investigate the influence of a carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) electromyographic activity (EMG) and time to exhaustion (TE) during moderate (MIE) and high-intensity cycling exercise (HIE). Thirteen participants cycled at 80% of their respiratory compensation point and at 110% of their peak power output to the point of exhaustion. Before the trials and every 15 min during MIE, participants rinsed with the CHO or Placebo (PLA) solutions. The root mean square was calculated. CHO had no effect on the TE during HIE (CHO: 177.3 ± 42.2 s; PLA: 163.0 ± 26.7 s, p = 0.10), but the TE was increased during MIE (CHO: 76.6 ± 19.7 min; PLA: 65.4 ± 15.2 min; p = 0.01). The EMG activity in the VL was higher than PLA at 30 min (CHO: 10.5% ± 2.6%; PLA: 7.7% ± 3.3%; p = 0.01) and before exhaustion (CHO: 10.3% ± 2.5%; PLA: 8.0% ± 2.9%; p = 0.01) with CHO rinsing. There was no CHO effect on the EMG activity of RF during MIE or for VL and RF during HIE. CHO mouth rinse maintains EMG activity and enhances performance for MIE but not for HIE.     

Overlooked sources of ethanol

The case of a 55-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with acute ethanol intoxication and suicidal ideation is reported. After initiating routine management, we discovered that her serum ethanol levels remained persistently elevated as a result of the patient’s secretly ingesting mouthwash. This occurred after she was searched and allowed to retain personal hygiene products. Alcohol-dependent patients may consume ethanol products that are not manufactured for ingestion. These products include cosmetics, cough and cold remedies, and personal hygiene products. The ethanol content of these nonbeverage ethanol (NBE) products exceeds that of many conventional alcoholic beverages. Financial constraints and ease of availability are factors leading to their consumption. This report serves as a reminder to be aware of the existence and popularity of NBE in order to avoid potential morbidity and even mortality associated with its use.     

Effects of folate mouthwash on experimental gingivitis in man

Although the experimental gingivitis model has been used extensively since 1965, some doubts exist concerning the nature of the tissue response in this model. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine whether or not experimental gingivitis responded to 0.1% folate mouthwash (MW) in a similar manner to that already reported for established gingivitis. 20 male dental students took part in a double blind cross-over study which involved two 3-week experimental periods with random allocation to folate or placebo MW. The experimental site was the lower anterior area and 24 points of gingival examination were made at baseline and weeks 1, 2 and 3. Inflammation was assessed by presence or absence of colour change, and bleeding being slight, profuse or absent when gingivae were stroked with a blunt probe. A plaque sample was evaluated using dark field microscopy, and dry weight of accumulated plaque was measured at the end of each experimental period. Folate MW did not appear to have any statistically significant effects on accumulated plaque, or clinical signs of experimental gingivitis in this study. The different response of experimental gingivitis to folate MW, compared with the response of established gingivitis already reported, further suggests that experimental gingivitis may not represent an authentic replica of the cellular and immunological responses occurring in established gingivitis.     

Clinical evaluation of the effect of a proteolytic enzyme mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis in young adults

ABSTRACT One hundred and thirty-one young adults were used in a controlled study to determine whether a proteolytic mouthwash produced from B. subtilis could help remove existing plaque, decrease the rate of plaque accumulation or reduce the clinical signs of gingivitis. These subjects were stratified by means of the Gingival Index and the Shaver-Schiff Plaque Index into severe or mild groups. These groups were further divided in a random fashion into treatment and placebo groups. The treatment group rinsed with a proteolytic mouthwash consisting mainly of neutral and alkaline proteases and amylase. A placebo mouthwash was used by the control group. The results of this investigation indicate that there is no statistically significant reduction either in existing plaque or in the rate of plaque accumulation when this proteolytic enzyme mouthwash is used. Furthermore, in the treatment group the degree of gingivitis as measured by the GI was not reduced.     

Identification of human papillomaviruses in tumors of the oral cavity in an Indian community

Oral cancers and other squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are common cancers in India, primarily due to tobacco chewing/smoking and alcohol consumption. Recent reports indicate involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV 16, in a subset of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) cases. To investigate the types of HPVs present in 83 oral cancers and 19 other head and neck tumors, degenerate primers directed to consensus regions in the HPV L1 open reading frame (ORF) were employed to amplify genomic DNA from tumor and when available, the adjacent normal mucosa. PCR-amplified products were cloned and sequenced. Similar studies were done on exfoliated buccal cells of 102 individuals visiting a dental hospital for dental complaints. HPV was detected in 32 out of 102 patients (31%), in either the tumor or the adjacent normal mucosa, while 5% (5/102) of the comparative group were found to be HPV-positive. Sequence analysis revealed a number of cutaneous HPVs, predominantly HPV types of the genus Beta-Papillomavirus, in the oral cavity. Multiple HPV infections were also commonly observed in patients (14/102; 14%). HPV 16 and 18 were each detected in 6 patients (6/102; 6%). Neither high-risk HPVs nor multiple infections were observed in the mouthwash samples of the comparative group. We report that the oral cavity harbors a variety of different HPVs. These viruses, in conjunction with the carcinogens present in tobacco could contribute to carcinogenesis.     

自制溃疡散含漱液治疗放射性口腔炎的效果观察

目的 探讨自制溃疡散含漱液治疗头颈部肿瘤患者放射性口腔炎的效果.方法 随机将80例头颈部放射治疗的肿瘤患者分为两组各40例.观察组使用自制溃疡散含漱液于3餐饭前30min、3餐饭后和睡前7个时间点口腔含漱;对照组采用口泰漱口液、温盐水(0.9%氯化钠),于3餐饭前30 min、3餐饭后、睡前7个时间点交替含漱.两组患者治疗过程中不采用其他药物性漱口液,坚持使用漱口液至放疗结束.两组疼痛严重患者均予静脉补充能量、抗炎治疗.观察比较两组患者放疗第3周末、第7周末口腔黏膜炎损伤及疼痛程度.结果 放疗后第3周末、第7周末,两组口腔黏膜炎损伤及疼痛程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),观察组口腔黏膜炎损伤及疼痛程度明显轻于对照组.结论 使用自制溃疡散进行口腔含漱可以减轻放射性口腔黏膜炎的损伤及疼痛程度.