利多卡因溶液含漱治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口腔溃疡的疗效观察

[目的]观察利多卡因溶液舍漱治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口腔溃疡的疗效.[方法]将72例鼻咽癌放疗后发生口腔溃疡病人随机分为两组,治疗组42例,对照组30例,治疗组应用2%利多卡因溶液含漱治疗,对照组应用复方硼砂溶液含漱治疗.现察并比较两组病人治疗效果.[结果]治疗组总有效率为92.9%,对照组总有效率为60.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]利多卡因溶液舍漱治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口腔溃疡效果明显.     

Plaque control with chlorhexidine and D-301, a quaternary ammonium compound

Eighteen female dental hygiene students took part in a double-blind, crossover clinical trial of equimolar (2.2 mmol) rinsing solutions of D-301, a quaternary ammonium compound and chlorhexidine digluconate, Rinsings were partly supervised, test periods were 7 days (5 days without oral hygiene) with a 1-week interval. Plaque formation was significantly reduced by both test solutions versus the control; on not precleaned tooth surfaces plaque formation was equally inhibited by the chlorhexidine and D-301 mouthrinses. On precleaned surfaces D-301 significantly inhibited plaque formation compared with the control rinse, but was less effective than chlorhexidine. There was no significant change in the PBI, a measure of gingival inflammation, during any of the test period. Staining of teeth and tongue was judged as equal after chlorhexidine and D-301 use. Reports of taste and gastric disturbances were minimal but more frequent during the D-301 test period.     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on developing plaque and gingivitis in man

The present experiment was undertaken to assess the effect of hydrogen peroxide release during mouth rinsings on the composition of the microbiota of developing plaque in humans and the amount and pathogenecity of the plaque formed. The trial was designed as a double-blind crossover study of the effect of a mouthwash (Amosan) had a placebo rinse on the development of plaque and gingivitis in young adults. The active compound was available as a powder; the rinse consisted of 1.7 g powder dissolved in 30 ml hot tap water. Fourteen dental students participated in the trial. The students were examined during two consecutive periods, each consisting of one preparatory (during which active tooth cleaning measures were carefully practiced) and one main test period (during which mouth rinsings were the only plaque control measure). Each of the two test periods was initiated by a baseline examination following which the participants rinsed either with the active or the placebo mouthwash. The rinsings were performed immediately after breakfast, after lunch and after dinner. Measurements of Plaque and Gingival Index scores were performed 4, 7 and 14 days after the start of the no-toothbrushing period. Bacteria were sampled and examined after 7 and 14 days of trial. The results demonstrated that a mouthwash which released hydrogen peroxide effectively prevented the colonization of filaments, fusiforms, motile and curved rods as well as spirochetes in developing plaque. The mouthwash which was used as the only oral hygiene measure during a 2-week period furthermore markedly reduced the amount of plaque formed and significantly retarded gingivitis development. It is suggested that H202 released by mouthwashes during rinsing may prevent or retard the colonization and multiplication of anaerobic bacteria.     

Effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash in patients with acute pericoronitis: a randomized clinical trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in controlling the pain and trismus associated with acute pericoronitis in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. Ninety-seven patients with acute pericoronitis underwent debridement and received 5% green tea mouthwash (study group) or 0.12% CHX mouth rinse (control group). Pain (visual analogue scale; VAS), number of analgesics, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and number of patients with trismus were determined. There were no significant differences in demographic variables (P > 0.05), or baseline VAS (P > 0.006), MMO (P > 0.017) or number of patients with trismus (P > 0.017) between the two groups. The mean VAS score of the study group was statistically lower than that of the control group between post-treatment days 3 and 5 (P < 0.006). A significantly lower number of analgesics were taken by the study group (P < 0.05). Although the MMO of the study group was significantly lower on day 3 (P < 0.017), no significant difference was observed on day 7 (P > 0.017). Fewer of the patients rinsing with green tea had trismus on days 3 and 7, but the difference was non-significant (P > 0.017). Hence, green tea mouth rinse could be an appropriate and effective choice for the control of pain and trismus in acute pericoronitis.     

医用漱口水治疗糖尿病病人慢性牙周炎效果观察

目的观察医用漱口水对糖尿病病人慢性牙周炎的治疗效果。方法将156例2型糖尿病并发慢性牙周炎病人随机分为2组,对照组采用基础治疗,实验组在基础治疗基础上加漱口水治疗,观察治疗前后病人牙周指标的变化。结果两组病人治疗前菌斑指数（PLI）、牙周探针深度（PD）、附着水平丧失（AL）、牙齿松动度（TM）均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。两组病人治疗后PD、AL、TM比较差异有显著性（t=3．498～6．842,P〈0．01）。结论医用漱口水可以明显改善糖尿病病人牙周基础治疗后的疗效。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者应用银尔通漱口液含漱的效果观察

目的探讨银尔通漱口液对鼻咽癌放疗患者放射性口腔黏膜炎和口臭的防治作用。方法选择鼻咽癌放疗患者60例,实验组和对照组各30例,放疗期间实验组30例应用银尔通漱口液漱口,30次／d;对照组30例应用生理盐水漱口,3-4次／d。在放射剂量达到3000cGy,5000cGy,7000cGy后,比较两组患者口腔黏膜感染和口臭的发生情况。结果在放射剂量达到3000cGy时两组的口腔黏膜感染和口臭的发生率无显著的统计学差异（P〉0．05）。当放射剂量达到5000cGy,7000cGy时实验组口腔黏膜感染和口臭的发生率分别为30．0％、36．7％和33.3％、40．0％;对照组分别为53.3％、60．0％和66．7％、80．0％,两组比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0．05）。结论银尔通漱口液对鼻咽癌放疗患者的放射性口腔黏膜炎和口臭具有良好的预防和治疗效果。     

Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review

Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. The use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides plays a crucial role in patient-directed approaches for plaque control. The antiplaque efficacies of these formulations have been extensively studied in many long-term clinical studies designed in accordance with well-accepted guidelines. The results from these studies conclusively demonstrate that long-term use of oral care formulations with well-known antiplaque biocides such as chlorhexidine and triclosan reduce supragingival plaque and gingivitis. This review summarizes microbiological results from clinical studies conducted with oral care formulations containing antiplaque biocides. Results from a number of long-term clinical studies conducted under real-life use conditions indicate no adverse alterations in the bacteria found in dental plaque or emergent microbial resistance. Additionally, microbial sampling of dental plaque subsequent to extended use of antiplaque biocides reveals no increase in resistant microflora. Large numbers of common oral bacteria isolated from patients using chlorhexidine indicate no increase in microbial resistance to chlorhexidine or to commonly used antibiotics. The effects of antiplaque biocides containing oral care formulations on dental plaque that exists naturally as a biofilm are examined. These formulations contain biocide, surfactants, polymers and other components that are effective against the biofilm. In summary, the results of studies on the real-life use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides show no emergence of resistant microflora or alterations of the oral microbiota, while such formulations have been found to provide the benefits of reducing plaque and gingivitis.     

An in vivo study of the plaque control efficacy of Persica: a commercially available herbal mouthwash containing extracts of Salvadora persica

AIM: This study compared the oral health efficacy of Persica mouthwash (containing an extract of Salvadora persica) with that of a placebo. DESIGN: In a double-blind, cross-over trial, participants were randomly allocated to use either the Persica mouthwash or a placebo for a three-week period. Plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding and the salivary concentrations of mutans streptococci (MS) were measured before and immediately following the experimental period. After an eight-week 'washout' period, the study was repeated with participants using the alternative mouthwash. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight healthy students (aged between 18 and 42 years) volunteered to take part in this investigation. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-treatment values, both placebo and experimental groups demonstrated significantly reduced gingival bleeding (p < 0.01). Plaque scores were not significantly reduced following use of either Persica or the placebo. However, the use of Persica, but not the placebo, resulted in significant reduction in the carriage of MS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Use of Persica mouthwash resulted in improved gingival health and lower carriage rate of cariogenic bacteria when compared with the pre-treatment values. The placebo (vehicle control) also improved gingival health significantly. Neither the Persica nor the placebo reduced the accumulation of dental plaque.     

Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis

A 9-month double-blind controlled clinical study was conducted on adult subjects using either Listerine antiseptic, its vehicle control, or a water control in order to determine the efficacy of the antiseptic mouthrinse in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. Following screening examinations for minimal entry levels of plaque and gingivitis, all subjects received a complete prophylaxis. Subjects then continued their usual oral hygiene habits for a 3-week normalization period and were examined for soft tissue abnormalities and baseline measurements of plaque, gingivitis, and tooth stain. 2 additional prophylaxes were then performed, followed by a second baseline gingival examination. Zero plaque was re-established by rubber cup polishing and twice daily rinsing was begun. Soft tissue, plaque, gingivitis, and extrinsic tooth stain were evaluated after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of rinsing with the randomly assigned mouthrinses. Results demonstrated that Listerine antiseptic significantly reduced the development of plaque at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months and the development of gingivitis at 9 months, as compared to its vehicle control or water control.     

中药“口康”含漱液对口腔致病微生物体外抑菌试验

目的：检测中药“口康”含漱液的抑菌作用及强度,为临床治疗口腔感染疾病提供实验依据。方法：将琼脂培养基与不同梯度的“口康”含漱液混合,灭菌后倒皿,再接种口腔感染致病菌,同时,作一无药培养基对照,培养1d后观察结果,以最低药物浓度不长菌者为该菌株MIC值。结果：49株口腔致病菌中,27株革兰氏阴性杆菌MIC范围0.03-1.0g/ml,MIC50均为0.125g/ml,MIC90为0.125-0.5g/ml;21株革兰氏阳性球菌MIC范围0.008-0.5g/ml,MIC500.015-0.125g/ml,MIC50为0.015-0.5g/ml;1株白色念珠菌MIC0.015g/ml。结论：“口康”含漱对各类不同口腔致病株均有抑菌作用;对革兰阳性球菌抑菌强度更佳,为革兰阴性杆菌的2－8个对比倍数;对念珠性霉菌抑菌作用较强。