Survival of oral mucosal melanoma according to treatment,tumour resection margin,and metastases

Because of the poor prognosis and of oral mucosal melanoma, and patients’ short survival, large, randomised, clinical studies are difficult. We have investigated its demographic characteristics and analysed the effect of treatment, resection margins, and metastases on survival. We recorded age, sex, site of primary tumour, and types of treatment, survival, and metastases in 74 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Survival was analysed based on bony invasion, depth of invasion, and resection margins, and we found that it varied depending on the primary site (p = 0.002), and declined with liver (p = 0.001) or brain (p = 0.033) metastases. The two-year survival according to the primary site was as follows: palate 85% (n = 32), anterior maxillary gingiva 53% (n = 13), mandible 58% (n = 13), and posterior maxillary gingival 74% (n = 10) and buccal mucosa 50% (n = 4). The two-year survival was 34% (n = 8) in patients with liver metastases and 23% (n = 7) in patients with brain metastases. In cases of bony invasion (p = 0.005), depth of invasion (p = 0.042), unclear resection margin (p = 0.023), or higher T stages (p = 0.009), the survival declined considerably. Neck dissection did not affect survival (p = 0.343). Survival of the patients given chemotherapy was significantly lower (p = 0.013) and the two-year survival was 54.0%. The patients given radiotherapy showed no significant difference in survival compared with those not given radiotherapy (p = 0.107). In conclusion, primary site, bony invasion, resection margins, depth of invasion and systemic metastases were critical to predict prognosis and selection of treatment of oral mucosal melanoma.     

沉默热休克蛋白27基因对头颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 观察长效沉默热休克蛋白（Hsp）27基因后头颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞生物学行为的改变。方法 实验分为3组：高滴度pLenti-shRNA-Hsp27慢病毒颗粒长效转染入UM-SCC-22B细胞为实验组（shHsp27组）,常规培养UM-SCC-22B细胞（ctrl组）为空白对照,UM-SCC-22B细胞转染pLenti-shRNA-ctrl慢病毒颗粒（shctrl组）为阴性对照。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹法检测各组中Hsp27的表达,采用MTS细胞增殖实验、细胞划痕实验及Matrigel侵袭实验,观察各组Hsp27表达抑制后UM-SCC-22B细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的变化。结果 shHsp27组的Hsp27表达明显降低;MTS细胞增殖实验可见,细胞培养24、48 h后,shHsp27组的细胞增殖能力与ctrl组和shctrl组无明显差异;划痕实验表明,划痕产生72 h后,ctrl组细胞迁移能力为shHsp27组的4.38倍;Matrigel侵袭实验显示,ctrl组细胞的体外侵袭能力为shHsp27组的2.03倍。结论 长效转染慢病毒颗粒pLenti-shRNA-Hsp27能够高效、特异地沉默高转移潜能头颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞系UM-SCC-22B的Hsp27基因表达,并能显著抑制其体外侵袭和转移能力。     

Management of the clinically N0 neck in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An EACMFS position paper

Metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to the cervical lymph nodes has a significant impact on prognosis. Accurate staging of the neck is important in order to deliver appropriate treatment for locoregional control of the disease and for prognosis.The management of the neck in early, low volume disease (clinically T₁/T₂ oral cavity tumours) has long been debated. The risk of occult nodal involvement in cT₁/T₂ OSCC is estimated around 20–30%.We describe the natural evolutionary history of OSCC and its patterns of spread and metastasis to the local lymphatic basins. We discuss most published literature and studies on management of the clinically negative neck (cN₀). Particular focus is given to prospective randomized trials comparing the outcomes of upfront elective neck dissection against the observational stance, and we summarize the results of the sentinel node biopsy studies.The paper discusses the significance of the primary tumour histological characteristics and specifically the tumour's depth of invasion (DOI) and its impact on predicting nodal metastasis. The DOI has been incorporated in the TNM staging highlighting its significance in aiding the treatment decision making and this is reflected in world-wide oncological guidelines.The critical analysis of all available literature amalgamates the existing evidence in early OSCC and provides recommendations in the management of the clinically N₀ neck.     

Pathological hip fractures

Pathological lesions and fractures in the proximal femur are a common presentation to orthopaedics. Key to getting the management right first time is careful assessment using a multidisciplinary approach. Early discussion with the local orthopaedic oncology service is paramount before any biopsy or surgical intervention is planned. This paper discusses several key pathologies that can result in lesions of the proximal femur and their optimal management.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在治疗后宫颈癌评估中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对临床怀疑宫颈癌局部复发和(或)远处转移患者的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析95例宫颈癌治疗后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料,采用视觉分析和半定量方法(SUVmax)分析病灶特点,最终诊断以活组织病理检查、诊断性治疗及影像学随访结果为准,采用Kappa一致性检验进行分析.结果 共有54例患者18 F-FDG PET/CT检查发现局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶,其中局部复发24例,远处转移30例;18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肿瘤复发与转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为98.1％(52/53)、95.2％ (40/42)和96.8％ (92/95),阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.3％ (52/54)和97.6％(40/41).18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理及临床随访结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.936,P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对临床可疑宫颈癌复发的诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,有助于局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶的检测,对临床进一步的诊疗具有指导作用.     

宫颈癌初始治疗后腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移调强放疗的临床观察

目的 对比单纯调强放疗(IMRT)与IMRT同步TP方案化疗治疗宫颈癌初始治疗后腹主动脉旁淋巴结(PALN)转移的疗效和不良反应.方法 选取2008年10月至2013年8月宫颈癌初始治疗后出现PALN转移的56例患者,PALN转移病灶给予放疗剂量GTV 55～60 Gy,CTV45 ～ 50 Gy,共25 ～ 30次,5～6周,接受同步放化疗(CRT组)者36例,单纯放疗(RT组)者20例.CRT组的同步化疗方案为TP方案,第1天紫杉醇135 mg/m2,顺铂60 mg/m2 2 d,21 d重复.单纯PALN转移(iPALN)患者33例,合并其他部位复发转移(niPALN)患者23例.结果 中位随访时间22.7个月(2.7 ～74.4个月).98.2％(55/56)的患者完成了放疗,CRT组中,38.9％的患者完成化疗2～3个周期,61.1％的患者完成化疗1个周期.CRT和RT组的有效率(CR +PR)分别为91.7％(33/36)和85％ (17/20)(x2=0.516,P＞0.05).两组患者的中位总生存(OS)时间为38和23个月,3年OS率分别为57.5％和32.7％ (x2 =4.059,P＜0.05),中位无进展生存时间(PFS)为68.3和16个月,3年PFS率分别为50.4％和29.2％(x2=4.184,P＜0.05).单纯PALN转移(iPALN)(33例)患者与合并其他部位复发转移(niPALN)患者(23例)的中位OS分别为71.2和21.4个月,3年OS率分别为53％和39.5％(x2=4.265,P＜ 0.05).CRT和RT组出现3或4级白细胞低下的患者分别为10例(27.8％)和6例(30％),3级消化道反应各有1例,差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.693、0.847,P＞ 0.05).结论 IMRT同步TP化疗对PALN转移的患者近期效果和远期生存均优于单纯放疗的患者,且不良反应可耐受.     

T-cadherin在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤复发转移的关系

目的 探讨T-钙黏附蛋白(T-cadherin)在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤侵袭转移的关系.方法 收集2010年5月-2011年10月于南京军区福州总医院行手术切除的肝癌患者的新鲜癌组织和癌旁2cm以上肝组织标本,采用免疫组织化学方法观察不同恶性生物学程度以及手术前TNM分期相同,术后1年内出现或未出现复发和(或)转移的HCC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织中T-cadherin基因的表达;采用RT-PCR方法检测T-cadherin基因mRNA的表达情况.结果 肝癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率高达46.7％(28/60),明显高于癌旁肝组织6.7％(4/60),两组相比差异具有统计学意义(x2=24.55,P=0.000).在高分化与中低分化的HCC患者癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率分别为30.0％(6/20)和35.0％(7/20),两者比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.114,P=0.736).在出现转移的HCC患者癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率[75％(15/20)]明显升高,与未出现转移的HCC患者[32.5％(13/40)]相比,差异具有统计学意义(x2=9.676,P=0.002).T-cadherin mRNA检测结果显示癌组织T-cadherin表达缺失(高度异常表达),癌旁组织在多数患者中呈正常表达(T-cadherin阳性).结论 T-cadherin基因在HCC中异常表达,且与肝细胞癌的复发转移密切相关,有可能作为判断HCC预后的预测指标和药物研究靶点.     

弥漫型恶性腹膜间皮瘤的MDCT征象分析及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)对弥漫型恶性腹膜间皮瘤(MPM)诊断,以及与结核性腹膜炎、腹膜转移癌鉴别诊断的价值.方法 回顾性分析10例经病理证实的弥漫型MPM(组1)、14例结核性腹膜炎(组2)及17例腹膜转移癌(组3)的MDCT资料,对照分析3组病例的发病年龄,病变分布,腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜改变的形态学特点,腹部淋巴结、脏器转移及腹腔积液等MDCT表现. 结果 弥漫型MPM组与结核性腹膜炎组在腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜的形态学改变上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);弥漫型MPM组与腹膜转移癌在腹部淋巴结、脏器转移上的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 弥漫型MPM MDCT表现为腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜不规则增厚并明显强化,可呈结节状或团块状;结合其形态学特点,有无脏器转移、淋巴结肿大和临床资料等可与结核性腹膜炎及腹膜转移癌鉴别.     

经皮骨成形术联合介入内固定术治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤的价值

目的 探讨经皮骨成形术(POP)联合介入内固定术(IIF)治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤的临床价值.方法 本研究为回顾性资料分析,将Mirels评分≥8分的40例即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤患者纳入观察,根据治疗方法的不同分为2组.POP联合IIF组19例,POP组21例,分别行POP联合IIF、单独POP治疗.术后观察2组患者疼痛缓解、发生骨折、骨水泥渗漏和生存率情况,并对两组的上述指标采用x2检验进行比较.分别于术后1周,1、3、6个月和1年观察患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、卡氏生活质量评分(KPS)及四肢肌骨肿瘤术后功能状态评分(EFES)来评价生活质量及功能状态,并对这些指标采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.POP联合IIF组17例疼痛缓解,6例骨水泥渗漏,无发生骨折者,随访6～18个月14例存活;POP组12例疼痛缓解,9例骨水泥渗漏,5例发生骨折者,随访3～18个月13例存活.2组间疼痛缓解和发生骨折率的差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),骨水泥渗漏和生存率差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.541和0.761,P均＞0.05).2组患者术后1周VAS、KPS及EFES评分差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),术后1、3、6个月和1年评分差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).POP联合IIF组1例患者术后15d发生患侧下肢深静脉血栓,经植入腔静脉滤器并抗凝治疗痊愈,其余患者无与手术有关的严重并发症.结论 经POP联合IIF治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤安全、有效,能更好地缓解疼痛、降低骨折发生率.