VATS解剖性肺段切除术与肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰa期NSCLC患者的手术情 况及对肺功能影响的比较

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜（VATS）解剖性肺段切除术与肺叶切除术治疗Ia 期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的手术情况及对患者肺功能的影响。方法:选取我院手术治疗的Ⅰa期NSCLC患者，收集时间2014年1月至2016年12月，根据术式不同分为两组，均采用VATS手术治疗，A组（54例）患者采用解剖性肺段切除术、B组（60例）采用肺叶切除术治疗，对比两组患者的手术效果及术后肺功能变化。结果:A组患者的手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目与B组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组患者的手术出血量、术后胸腔引流量、术后拔管时间、术后住院时间均显著的低于B组患者（P<0.05）；术前，A组和B组患者的FEV1%、FVC%、MVV%测定值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），术后3个月复查，A组患者的FEV1%、FVC%、MVV%测定值均显著高于B组患者（P<0.05）；手术后，A组患者的并发症发生率（7.41%）低于B组患者（13.33%），但是差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:VATS解剖性肺段切除术治疗Ⅰa期NSCLC患者具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、对患者肺功能影响更小的优势。     

Outcomes after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4N0-1 non–small cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched analysis

Objective

Comparative survival between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer has not been extensively studied.

3D-CRT 低剂量区 V5体积的大小对非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能的影响

目的：探讨3D-CRT 低剂量区 V5体积的大小对非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能的影响。方法：收集我院肿瘤科2014年4月～2015年10月收治的46例首次行三维适形放射治疗且顺利完成治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者，对每例患者分别在治疗前以及治疗后的1、3个月进行肺功能检测，分析3D-CRT 低剂量区 V5体积的大小与肺功能变化之间的关系。结果：放疗后1个月的 FEV1％、FVC％值明显高于放疗前且差异均具有显著性。放疗后1个月、3个月的 DLCO％值明显低于放疗前，且放疗前的与放疗后3个月的差异具有显著性；V5≦45％、45％55％三组放疗前后的 FEV1％值和 FVC％值比较差异均不具有显著性。V5≦45％、45％55％三组放疗前后的 DLCO％值均呈逐渐下降趋势，且 V5>55％组的放疗前后 DLCO％值比较差异具有显著性。而 V5≦45％组和45％55％时，DLCO％值降低的趋势更加显著。     

Volatile molecules for COVID-19: A possible pharmacological strategy?

COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus disease with a higher incidence of bilateral pneumonia and pleural effusion. The high pulmonary tropism and contagiousness of the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have stimulated new approaches to combat its widespread diffusion. In developing new pharmacological strategies, the chemical characteristic of volatility can add therapeutic value to the hypothetical drug candidate. Volatile molecules are characterized by a high vapor pressure and are consequently easily exhaled by the lungs after ingestion. This feature could be exploited from a pharmacological point of view, reaching the site of action in an uncommon way but allowing for drug delivery. In this way, a hypothetical molecule for COVID-19 should have a balance between its lung exhalation characteristics and both antiviral and anti-inflammatory pharmacological action. Here, the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of a therapy based on oral administration of possible volatile drugs for COVID-19 will be discussed. Both aerosolized antiviral therapy and oral intake of volatile molecules are briefly reviewed, and an evaluation of 1,8-cineole is provided in view of a possible clinical use and also for asymptomatic COVID-19.     

听神经瘤术后面神经功能损伤危险因素分析

目的分析影响听神经瘤患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属第一医院神经外科自2015年1月至2018年6月收治的62例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。于术后7 d及术后6个月对所有患者的面神经功能进行评估。收集可能与患者术后早期及长期面神经功能障碍存在相关性的因素，采用Logistic单因素与多因素回归对相关因素与患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的关系进行分析。 结果术后7 d，21例（33.9%）患者面神经功能正常，41例（66.1%）患者出现面神经功能损伤；术后6个月，49例（79.0%）患者面神经功能为正常，13例（21.0%）患者面神经功能损伤。Logistic单因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤最大直径越大、肿瘤与面神经黏连越紧密，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大（P=0.002、0.002）；术前临床症状持续时间为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的危险因素（P=0.035）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤与面神经的黏连程度、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后7 d面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.003、0.014）；术前临床症状持续时间、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.010、0.030）。 结论肿瘤与面神经的黏连越紧密、肿瘤最大直径越大，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。患者术前临床症状持续时间越长、肿瘤最大直径越大，术后6个月发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。     

Fractal dimension in CT low attenuation areas is predictive of long-term oxygen therapy initiation in COPD patients: Results from two observational cohort studies

BackgroundSome chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients develop hypoxemia with disease progression, with some even requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Lung function, especially diffusing capacity, and the annual decline in PaO₂, are reported to be predictive factors of chronic respiratory failure. However, the association between lung morphometry evaluated using computed tomography (CT) images and LTOT initiation is unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the relationship between clinical indices, including pulmonary function, body mass index (BMI), and CT parameters, at baseline and LTOT initiation in two prospective COPD cohorts. In the Nara Medical University cohort (n = 76), the low attenuation area (LAA) and its fractal dimension (fractal D) were adapted as the indices for parenchymal destruction in CT images. The association between these CT measurements and LTOT initiation was replicated in the Kyoto University cohort (n = 130).ResultsIn the Nara Medical University cohort, lower BMI (hazard ratio [HR]:0.70, p = 0.006), lower % diffusing capacity (%DLCO) (HR: 0.92, p = 0.006), lower %DLCO/VA (HR, 0.90, p = 0.008), higher RV/TLC (HR, 1.26, p = 0.012), higher LAA% (HR: 1.18, p = 0.001), and lower fractal D (HR: 3.27 × 10^?8, p < 0.001) were associated with LTOT initiation. Multivariate analysis in the Kyoto University cohort confirmed that lower %DLCO and lower fractal D were independently associated with LTOT initiation, whereas LAA% was not.ConclusionFractal D, which is the index for morphometric complexity of LAA in CT analysis, is predictive of LTOT initiation in COPD patients.     

Effects of second-hand smoking on lung functions in athlete and non-athlete school-aged children – observational study

BackgroundSecond-hand smoking or environmental tobacco smoke is a critical health risk. Children are the most vulnerable to second-hand smoking because of their small bronchial ducts, less developed immunity, and low-physical activity.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of second-hand smoking on lung functions in athlete and non-athlete school-aged children.MethodsThis observational study included forty-six school-aged children, their age was 8–15 years, assigned to three groups; 2 study groups and 1 control group (n=15). The study groups comprised of 16 football players, and of 15 cyclists. Lung functions were evaluated recording forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow using digital spirometer.ResultsAll measures were recorded in definite values and the children were also classified into second-hand smoking (SH), or non-exposed to tobacco smoking (NE). The findings presented a significant increase (p<0.05) of the study groups in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow solely for the non-exposed children. However, there were non-significant differences between the cyclists and football players or between the passive smoking children and non-exposed children in any of the two study groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThe outcomes of this study suggest beneficial influences of the sports activity on the lung functions, without different influences of the cyclists and football players on the lung functions.     

Coupling online control and inhibitory systems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Goal-directed reaching

For children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), the real-time coupling between frontal executive function and online motor control has not been explored despite reported deficits in each domain. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with DCD enlist online control under task constraints that compel the need for inhibitory control. A total of 129 school children were sampled from mainstream primary schools. Forty-two children who met research criteria for DCD were compared with 87 typically developing controls on a modified double-jump reaching task. Children within each skill group were divided into three age bands: younger (6–7 years), mid-aged (8–9), and older (10–12). Online control was compared between groups as a function of trial type (non-jump, jump, anti-jump). Overall, results showed that while movement times were similar between skill groups under simple task constraints (non-jump), on perturbation (or jump) trials the DCD group were significantly slower than controls and corrected trajectories later. Critically, the DCD group was further disadvantaged by anti-jump trials where inhibitory control was required; however, this effect reduced with age. While coupling online control and executive systems is not well developed in younger and mid-aged children, there is evidence of age-appropriate coupling in older children. Longitudinal data are needed to clarify this intriguing finding. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.